• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.101-109
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• 2006

Recently, according to the number of internet in widely use and the development of the related application program, the distribution and use of multimedia content(text, images, video, audio etc.) is very easy. Digital signal may be easily duplicated and the duplicated data can have same quality of original data so that it is difficult to warrant original owner. For the solution of this problem, the protection method of copyright which is encipher and watermarking. Digital watermarking is used to protect IP(Intellectual Property) and authenticate the owner of multimedia content. In this paper, the proposed watermarking algerian embeds watermark into multiple lower bitplanes of digital image. In the proposed algorithm, original and watermark images are decomposed to bitplanes each other and the watermarking operation is executed in the corresponded bitplane. The position of watermark image embedded in each bitplane is used to the watermarking key and executed in multiple lower bitplane which has no an influence on human visual recognition. Thus this algorithm can present watermark image to the multiple inherent patterns and needs small watermarking quantity. In the experiment, the author confirmed that it has high robustness against attacks of JPEG, MEDIAN and PSNR but it is weakness against attacks of NOISE, RNDDIST, ROT, SCALE, SS on spatial domain when a criterion PSNR of watermarked image is 40dB.

• Safe Food
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2008

우리나라 학교급식의 현재 성적표를 "양적 성공, 질적 실패"로 평가할 수 있다. 2003년 학교급식이 국가적 교육사업이 되어서 초 중 고 특수학교에서 전면급식이 이루어지고 10,343개교에서 704만명의 학생에게 급식을 제공하고 있다. 현재는 양질의 학교급식을 안전하고 저렴하게 공급하고, 국가식량정책과 연계하여 효율적으로 관리하여야 할 시기이다. 그러나 학교급식 소요경비 연 2조3천억원, 영양사 7,196명 등 63,145명이 종사하는 거대한 산업군이라는 규모에도 불구하고 전체 학교의 70%만이 식당시설을 갖추고 있고 급식 만족도가 학생이나 학부모의 기대에 미치지 못하고 있으며, 식중독 발생의 원흉이 되어 국민적 질책의 대상이 되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이 문제는 1) 영양사 업무과중에 따른 시간부족, 영양사 지식정보 부족 등에 따른 식재료 및 위생관리 소홀, 2) 냉장, 냉동, 오염/비 오염 구획 등에 필요한 시설과 설비 부족, 3) 교육인적자원부의 급식위생관리의 전문성 부족과 담당 인력 및 정책적, 재정적 지원 부족을 원인으로 볼 수 있다. 학교급식 안전대책은 아래 20대 과제를 추진하여 확보하여야 할 것이다. 전략 1은 "우수한 식재료 위생관리"로서 "급식비 인상 및 현실화, 철저한 수입 농수축산물관리, 식재료 공급 및 전처리업 자유업에서 신고제, 허가제로 전환, GAP(우수농산물관리) 제도 도입, 생산이력제도(traceability) 도입, 급식원료 "품질인증 제도" 도입, 식품원료 전처리 시 세척, 소독프로그램 보급, 학교급식 식자재기준, 규격 설정, 과학적이고 쉬운 검수지침 개발 및 보급, 신속검사키트를 활용한 주기적인 미생물 검사 의무화, 위생 전문가에 의한 검수, 식재료별로 분산된 법령과 관리제도 정비(식품안전기본법), 급식식자재 공급 유통 과정의 감시 감독 강화" 등 13개 과제를 제안한다. 전략 2는 "급식위생 확보 인프라구측"으로서 "급식종사자 전문성 확보(조리/영양/위생), 급식전담기구(학교급식진흥원 /학교급식센터 등) 설치, 급식형태 다양화(위탁/직영 균형 발전), 학교급식법 재개정, 학교급식 HACCF제도 확대" 등 4개 과제를 제안한다. 전략 3은 "급식소 시설 설비 현대화 및 환경개선"으로서 "급식시설 설비 현대화 (전처리실, 냉장고, 온장고 구비 등), 급식소 환경 개선 (상수 사용 확대 및 안전강화, 지하수 소독 강화, 정화된 공기 공급 등)" 등 2개 과제를 제안한다. 전략4는 "급식위생제도 및 관리체계 개선"으로서 "전문적 단일기관 안전관리 (식품안전처)" 과제를 제안한다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.242-249
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• 2006

Potential impacts of the future climate change on crop production can be inferred by crop simulations at a landscape scale, if the climate data may be provided at appropriate spatial scales. Northern Gyunggi Province is one of the few prospective regions in South Korea for growing quality soybeans. Any geographical shift of production areas under the changing climate may influence the current land planning policy in this region. A soybean growth simulation was performed at 342 land units in northern Gyunggi province to test the potential geographical shift of the current production areas for quality soybeans in the near future (form 2011 to 2100). The land units for soybean cultivation were selected by the land use, the soil characteristics, and the minimum arable land area. Daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, the number of rain days and solar radiation were extracted for each land unit from the future digital climate models (DCM, 2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100). Daily weather data for 30 years were randomly generated for each land unit for each normal year by using a well-known statistical method. They were used to run CROPGRO-Soybean model to simulate the growth, phonology, and yields of 3 cultivars representing different maturity groups grown at 342 land units. According to the model calculations, the warming trend in this region will accelerate the flowering and physiological maturity of all cultivars, resulting in a 7 to 9 days reduction in overall growing season and a 1 to 15% reduction in grain yield of early to medium maturity cultivars. There was a slight increase in grain yield of the late maturing cultivar under the projected climate by 2070, but a decreasing tend was dominant by the year 2100.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.78-87
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• 2011

A variety of intelligent application using the sensor network system is being studied. In general, the sensor network consists of nodes which equipped with a variety of sensing module and is utilized to collect environment information. Recently, the demands of multimedia data are increasing due to the demands of more detailed environmental monitoring or high-quality data. In this paper, we overcome the limitations of low bandwidth in Zigbee-based sensor networks and propose a routing algorithm for real-time multimedia data transmission. In the previously proposed algorithm for multimedia data transmission occurs delay time of routing setup phase and has a low data transmission speed due to bandwidth limitations of Zigbee. In this paper, we propose the hybrid routing algorithm that consist of Zigbee and Bluetooth and solve the bandwidth problem of existing algorithm. We also propose the disjointed multipath setup algorithm based on competition that overcome delay time of routing setup phase in existing algorithm. To evaluate the superiority of the proposed algorithm, we compare it with the existing algorithm. Our experimental results show that the latency was reduced by approximately 78% and the communication speed is increased by approximately 6.9-fold.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 2015

Quality of the library service, because it is based on the subjective meaning of the user for a particular service, depending on the individual expectation level, can be divided between satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Therefore, library services that are performed in public libraries also ultimately assessment of library services may influence based on the expected value of the user. This study is a satisfaction survey of library services to the public library of Goyang. Overall satisfaction of Public Library of Goyang in this study are in the following orders: 1) facility, 2) cultural programs and courses, 3) librarian kindness, 4) collections. To understand the specific meaning of each preference, it was analyzed in the followings: 1) the expectation level to the library space, 2) expectation level to librarians, 3) new service the users desire, 4) service the users want, etc. by age and occupation. As the age of the user increases, the demand for traditional library usage increased. In addition, services that utilize the same library external resources and utilization of external lecturer is like finding employment and art courses, expectation level of users such as reading course to utilize library resources was the highest.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.59-81
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• 2013

Nowadays, social responsibility activities's influence on company's production activity is expanding and corporate social responsibility as sustainability is mandatory. Unlike the past that few companies did social responsibility activity, it is hard to find differences in present that lots of companies are doing social responsibility activity. This research divides social group and corporate group according to the consumer's recognition about company's social responsibility activity and affect-relation of consumer's recognition is confirmed based on the level of authenticity when company does social responsibility activity. As a result, this research states that company's social responsibility activity will make conclusive responsibility on increasing consumer's trust on the company by letting consumers recognize that company's social responsibility activity whiling achieving its seeking goal is not for company's profit, but is sincere action toward social, which means it is the responsibility activity including authenticity.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

The domestic tourism industry mostly relies on quantitative surveys for customer satisfaction. However, customer participation of the questionnaires is extremely low and the improvement of the dissatisfactory factors is not being performed promptly. In this paper, we propose a new topic map system and prove its empirical effectiveness to improve the accuracy of customer feedback information and the efficiency of the analysis process. The topic map system is a system for analyzing large amounts of customer feedback data in real time. It uses text mining and ontology techniques by integrating data collected over a certain period from real-time SNS and quantitative data obtained from existing survey systems. The effect after improving the analyzed factors of dissatisfaction is also a new and innovative evaluation system for monitoring customer satisfaction in real time. The classification based on this integrated data is a classification system that is specific to the product or the customer. According to this classification, it is possible to measure the effect of the recognition and improvement of the complaint factor in real time on the topic map system. This provides a sophisticated prioritization of the improvement factors and enables customer satisfaction quality control as a PDCA feedback system. In addition, the survey period and costs are greatly shortened, and responses can be more precise to the existing survey method. As a practical application, this system is applied to the largest H travel agency in Korea to prove the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2001

It is well known that numerous factors influence the light output of curing units, but many dentists are un aware that the output of their curing lights are inadequate. This study was conducted to evaluate the light in tensity of visible-light curing units in some private dental clinics and hospital dental clinics. In order to determine the maximum light intensity of the curing units, lamps, filters and fiber optic bundles, they were replaced with new ones and light intensity was remeasured. Light intensity was measured by employing a digital radiometer (EFOS model #8000, USA). Light intensity ranged in $29\sim866mW/cm^2$ (below $150mW/cm^2$ ; 17.8%, $150\sim300mW/cm^2$ : 46.6%, above $300mW/cm^2$ ; 35.6%). The replacement of the components increased the light intensity, with maximum increases of 94.8% for lamps, 82.3% for filters, 200.8% for fiber optics and 361.5% for all three parts. According to the manufacturer of radiometer, curing light is considered as unsuitable for use with a reading of above $300mW/cm^2$ by the radiometer. Applying these criteria to the present study, 64.4% of the curing units required repair or replacement. The results of this study indicated that the light intensities of the curing units used in dental practice were lower than optimum level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.485-492
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• 2012

Today, a digital airborne imaging sensor plays an important role in construction of the numerous National Spatial Data Infrastructure. However, an appropriate quality assesment procedure for the acquired digital images should be preceded to make them useful data with high precision and reliability. A lot of studies therefore have been conducted in attempt to assess quality of digital images at home and abroad. In this regard, many test fields have been already established and operated to calibrate digital photogrammetric airborne imaging systems in Europe and America. These test fields contain not only GCPs(Ground Control Points) to test geometric performance of a digital camera but also various types of targets to evaluate its spatial and radiometric resolution. The purpose of this paper is to present a method to verify the spatial resolution of the Intergraph DMC digital camera and its results based on an experimental field testing. In field test, a simple bar target to be easily identified in image is used to check the spatial resolution. Images, theoretically designed to 12cm GSD(Ground Sample Distance), were used to calculate the actual resolution for all sub-images and virtual images in flight direction as well as in cross flight direction. The results showed that the actual image resolution was about 0.6cm worse than theoretically expected resolution. In addition, the greatest difference of 1.5cm between them was found in the image of block edge.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.51-68
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• 2017

Financial technology (FinTech) is an emerging financial service sector include innovations in financial literacy and investment, retail banking, education, and crypto-currencies like bitcoin. One of the crucial branch of financial technology-third-party payment (TPP) is undergoing rapid growth, with online/mobile systems replacing offline financial systems. System quality and user attitudes are key perceptions driving third-party payment usage, the importance of these perceptions, however, may be different with countries as users' thinking varies from country to country. Thus, the purpose of this study is to elaborate how factors differ from China to Korea by drawing on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2). Additionally, this study also aims to propose a multi-attribute evaluation of the third-party online payment system based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy sets and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), to examine the relative importance of the perceptions influencing new technology adoption intention. The results showed that the price value has the most significant influence on Chinese perceptions, while the perceived credibility has the most significant effect on Korean perceptions. Sub-criteria also performs different results to Chinese and Korean third-party online payment system.