• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2010

계조표현의 방법인 기존의 펄스폭에 의한 방법과 본 연구에서 수행한 4채널의 계조표현 방법에 대해 비교하였다. 펄스폭에 의한 계조표현은 동일한 전압에서 펄스의 폭을 제어하여 계조표현이 가능하며, 4채널의 계조표현은 두 개의 채널로 전극배선을 하여 제작한 소자에 black입자와 white입자를 주입하고 생성된 4개의 서브픽셀의 컬러를 순차적으로 변하도록 하여 계조표현하는 방법이다. 두 가지의 계조표현은 이미지의 구현방법과 지속시간의 차이점이 있다. 4채널의 계조표현이 4개의 서브픽셀을 구동하면, 또 다른 계조표현은 8채널의 계조표현방법으로 이 방법은 하나의 큰 셀에 4개의 서브셀을 만들어 각각 다른 weight를 가지도록 만들어 우수한 계조표현을 구현할 것으로 판단되어 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.800-808
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• 2019

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of rare peripheral neuropathies characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy and areflexia in the upper and lower extremities. The most common subtype of CMT is CMT1A, which is caused by a tandem duplication of the PMP22 gene in the 17p12 region. Patients with CMT1A show a loose genotype-phenotype correlation, which suggests the existence of secondary genetic or association factors. Recently, polymorphisms of rs71428439 (n.83A>G) and rs2292832 (n.86T>C) in the MIR149 have been reported to be associated with late onset and mild phenotypic CMT1A severity. The aim of this study was to examine the intrafamilial heterogeneities of clinical phenotypes according to the genotypes of these two SNPs in MIR149. For this study, we selected 6 large CMT1A families who showed a wide range of phenotypic variation. This study suggested that both SNPs were related to the onset age and severity in the dominant model. In particular, the AG+GG (n.83A>G) and TC+CC genotypes (n.86T>C) were associated to late onset and mild symptoms. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was not related to the MIR149 genotypes. These results were consistent with the previous studies. Therefore, we suggest that the rs71428439 and rs2292832 variants in MIR149 may serve as genetic modifiers of CMT1A intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity, as they have a role in the unrelated patients. This is the first study to show an association using large families with variable clinical CMT1A phenotypes. The results will be helpful in the molecular diagnosis and treatment of patients with CMT1A.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1982

Megagametophyte and embryo tissue of Pinus densiflora were subjected to study the inheritance of glutamate-oxalate transaminase(GOT) and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP), and linkage relationship among isozyme loci coding both enzymes by starch gel zone-electrophoresis. Four zones of activity were observed for GOT. No variation was found in the fastest migrating zone (GOT-A). Electrophoretic phenotypes of the other two zones (GOT-B and GOT-C) showed 1:1 segregation ration, suggesting that each zone is controlled by a single locus. Foru and three alleles were identified at both loci respectively. The isozyme pattern of the fourth zone(GOT-D), migrated cathodally, coincided precisely with that of GOT-C. Whether the two zones are controlled by the same locus or by two tightly linked loci remained unknown. In all three variant GOT zones, heterozygoes embryos produced triple band patterns, indicating that GOT isozyme in Pinus densiflora is a dimer. Two zones of activity stained for LAP were found. The segregation of the two zones (LAP-A and LAP-B) suggested that tow loci control each of both isozymes. Two and three alleles were identified at both loci. GOT-B and LAP-B were found to be tightly linked, showing an average recombination frequency of 12.5 percent. Slight deviation from independent assortment was observed between GOT-B and GOT-C, with recombination frequency of 41 percent.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 1991

The closed forms of mass matrix with rotational inertia matrix are developed for free vibration analysis in space structures containing linearing tapered members with cross section of thin-walled tube. The exact displacement functions are used for formulating mass matrix. The very small slopes of the tapered member are used in usual practice, such that the series expansion forms of these are also developed to avoid numerical failure in vibration analysis. Significant improvements of accuracy and efficiency of free vibration analysis are achieved by using the mass matrices developed in this study. Frequencies of free vibration of tapered members are compared with solutions based upon stepped representation of beam element.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.100-102
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• 2001

XML과 같은 반 구조 데이터는 일반적으로 방향그래프 기반의 데이터 모델을 가지므로 XML에 대한 질의는 이러한 그래프를 탐색하기 위한 패스 표현을 기반으로 한다. 도한 구조가 정형화되지 않고 빠르게 변하기 때문에 질의시 특정한 패턴을 탐색하기 위해 정규 경로 표현이 이용된다. 그러나 이러한 정규 경로 표현은 실행시에 전체 데이터베이스 그래프를 탐색하므로 실행 비용이 매우 높다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 정규 경로 표현 연산자를 효율적으로 실행하기 위해 데이터 그래프에 대한 경로 인덱스와 SQL의 패턴 매치를 이용한 경로 표현 질의 변환기법을 제시한다. 즉, XML-QL 질의언어에 포함된 정규 패스 표현 연산자를 관계형 데이터베이스를 기반으로 효율적으로 실행할수 있는 질의 변환 기법과 경로 인덱스그래프를 이용하여 처리비용이 높은 순환연산을 처리할 수 있는 기법을 구형하여 성능 평가를 실시한 결과를 보여준다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.400-405
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• 2004

Morphological characteristics of Kalopanox pictus Nakai were studied to examine population differentiation of this species. Based on a phenogram of using 23 morphological characteristics, differentiation of regions were distinct. Collections of 138 specimens from nine populations served as operational taxonomic unit (OTU's) were examined for phenotypic similarity and morphological variation using clustering (Ward's minimum variance method) and principal component analysis (PCA). The first three principal components were responsible for 77.0% of the total variance. Principal component 1 explained 52% of the total variance and was contributed to by the number of palmately parted, the number of pinnately lobed, and width between two lateral lobe apex.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 1985

Megagametophyte tissues of Pinus densiflora were subjected to study the inheritance of acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and catalase (CAT) isozymes by starch gel zone-electrophoresis. At least three or four zones were segregated for ACP isozyme. However, as one isozyme of ACP-A zone was separated clearly, only that isozyme was analysed. Five isozyme phenotypes (A1-A5), observed in ACP-A zone, were segregated to a simple Mendelian ratio, suggesting that these are controlled by five codominant alleles existed at ACP-A locus. Two zones of activity were segregated in the gels after staining for ADH, the more anodal zone (ADH-A) of the two was invariant in our materials. Three isozyme phenotypes (B1-B3) were observed in ADH-B zone and these variants showed a 1:1 segregation pattern, suggesting that each variant is controlled by three codominant alleles at ADH-B locus. A total of five isozyme phenotypes, composed of multiple bands, were observed in CAT isozyme. The segregation of these phenotypes in heterozygous trees did not show any significant deviation from a 1:1 segregation. Therefore, the genetic control of CAT isozyme in Pinus densiflora seeds seems to be based on a single locus (CAT-A) with Five codominant alleles ($A_1-A_5$).

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.512-515
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 등기하 해석법을 이용하여 설계의존형 하중조건을 갖는 구조물에 대한 형상 최적설계를 수행하였다. 유한요소법 기반 형상 최적설계는 CAD 모델과 해석 모델의 차이로 인해, 설계영역 매개변수화에 어려움이 있다. 등기하 해석법은 CAD 모델과 동일한 NURBS 기저 함수와 조정점을 해석에 이용함으로써 설계의 기하학적 변화를 해석모델에 직접적으로 표현할 수 있는 장점을 가진다. 하중조건이 설계 영역이 변화함에 따라 변하는 최적설계 문제의 경우, 정확한 설계 영역 표현은 법선 벡터, 즉 변화하는 하중의 방향과 곡률과 같은 고차항의 정보를 정확하게 표현할 수 있고, 따라서 목적함수를 최소 또는 최대화시키는 최적의 해로 이끌어 낸다. 유한요소법 또는 밀도법을 이용한 형상 최적설계에서 설계의존형 하중조건을 갖는 구조물의 문제를 푸는 경우, 최적설계가 진행됨에 있어 변화하는 경계의 부정확성 때문에 정확한 설계민감도를 얻기가 어려운 점이 있다. 본 논문에서는, 수치 예제를 통해 등기하 해석 기반의 형상 최적설계 방법론이 설계의존형 하중조건을 갖는 구조물 문제에서 수월성을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.399-402
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• 2011

현재의 자동번역 방식의 문제점은 대화 상대에 상관없이 항상 일정한 존대 표현을 생성하여 자동번역 결과를 부자연스럽게 만들고 앞뒤 대화 문맥을 혼란하게 만든다는 것이다. 예를 들어 대화 상대가 달라지면 동일한 원문에 대해서도 자동번역 결과는 다른 존대 표현을 생성해야 하나, 현재의 자동번역 시스템은 항상 하나의 일관된 존대 표현을 생성한다. 이 이유는 자동 번역 시스템에서 사용하는 번역지식 또는 데이터가 고정되어 있어 유동적으로 변하지 않기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 기존 자동번역의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 소셜 네트워크(social network)에서 제공하는 디지털 인맥 정보와 같은 비언어적 정보와 발화상의 표현과 같은 언어적 정보로부터 대화 자간의 존대 관계를 계산하여 자동번역 결과에 반영함으로써 언어 문화적 존대 차이를 자동으로 극복하는 대화 상대 맞춤형 존대표현 자동 번역 방법을 기술하는 데 그 목적이 있다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.612-617
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• 2014

The phenetic relationships among six natural populations of Equisetum pratense in Korea were investigated at the population level by constructing a tree based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. RAPD analysis was also conducted to estimate genetic diversity and the population structure of E. pratense. A mean of 26.7% at the six population levels indicated polymorphism. E. pratense was found to have fewer alleles per locus (1.267) and fewer effective alleles per locus (1.176). Genetic diversity (0.102) in E. pratense is lower than the average for species with similar life history traits. Total genetic diversity values (HT) varied between 0.112 (OPD-07) and 0.445 (OPD-16), for an average overall polymorphic locus of 0.141. Inter-locus variation in the within-population genetic diversity ($H_S$) was low (0.102). Asexual reproduction, small population size, and the colonization process are proposed as possible factors contributing to the observed low genetic diversity in E. pratense. On a per-locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations ($G_{ST}$) ranged from 0.129 for OPD-07 to 0.455 for OPD-09, with a mean of 0.277. This indicated that about 27.7% of the total variation was among populations. Thus, genetic variation (72.3%) resided within populations. This study contributes new information for research on the taxonomy and population genetics of E. pratense.