• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1286-1290
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to determine antioxidant activities and antioxidnat compounds of 13 imported and 4 domestic red wines and to investigate relationships between antioxidant activities and antioxidant compounds in the selected red wines. The concentrations of total polyphenolics and anthocyanins in the samples were investigated by spectrophotometric methods. ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, and reducing power have been used to compare the relative antioxidant activities of the selected red wines. In this study, total polyphenolic contents of the red wines were ranged from 250 to 2,298 mg gallic acid equivalents/L and the anthocyanin contents were ranged from 11 to 349 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/L, respectively. As expected, all the red wines exhibited excellent antioxidnat activities (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power) except three domestic red wines. The correlation coefficient between total polyphenolic content and their antioxidant activities, namely ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power, were 0.9784, 0.9905 and 0.8580, respectively. No correlation was observed between total anthocyanin content and their antioxidant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.862-873
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the physiochemical properties and biological activities of Gangwon-do endemic Makjang (MJ) products (12 types). The pH levels of all samples were in the range of 4.43 to 5.69, and MJ5 showed the highest pH (5.69). The salinities of all samples ranged from 11.1% to 16.9%. Hunter color values for L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) ranged from 26.2 to 36.9, 3.9 to 11.5, and 6.5 to 16.6, respectively. The amino nitrogen content of MJ2 was highest, whereas the total content of free amino acids of MJ11 (4,657.7 mg%) was highest. Total fatty acid contents of all samples ranged from 1,598.6 mg% to 2,874.4 mg%, with MJ10 showing the highest fatty acid content. The content of total polyphenolic compounds ranged from 401.48 to $746.67{\mu}g$ tannic acid equivalent/mL, with MJ11 showing the highest content. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging effects of MJ11, MJ8, and MJ4 were 51.30% and 82.5%, 41.29% and 67.0%, and 49.88% and 87.7%, respectively. MJ12 showed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on lung cancer A549 cells, whereas MJ5 showed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on AGS gastric cancer cell and MCF-7 breast cancer cell. MJ7 showed greater lipid accumulation inhibitory activity in HepG2 cells than the others. ACE inhibitory activity of MJ11 was the highest among the samples.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.163-169
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• 2017

Background: An automated immunohematology analyzer, DAYMATE M (DAY Medical, Switzerland), has been recently developed. The potential of this analyzer to improve test results has been evaluated. Methods: A total of 300 blood samples from Seoul St. Mary's hospital and Incheon St. Mary's hospital were tested for ABO and RhD typing. In addition, 336 antibody screening test (AST) samples and 82 patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were included. AST results by DAYMATE M were compared with those obtained by a manual method using DS-Screening II (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Switzerland) and red blood cells from Selectogen (Ortho-Clinical diagnostics Inc., USA). Results: Of the 300 patients enrolled, 87, 73, 79, and 61 had type A, B, O, and AB blood, respectively. The concordance rate was 99.9% for cell typing and 97.0% for serum typing. One discordant case was classified as type B instead of AB, and six discordant serum-typing cases were type A, but classified as type AB. Among the 336 AST samples, the concordance rate was 93.2%. From 136 positive cases, six were discordant. Within the 82 HSCT-treated patients, the concordance rate for ABO blood typing was 92.2%. Among the six discordant cases, DAYMATE M typed four cases as donor type where the standard method typed them as the recipient blood type. Conclusions: The DAYMATE M automated immunohematology analyzer performs reliably for ABO and RhD typing, as well as for ASTs and on samples from patients treated with HSCT.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 1998

Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) is the main payload of the KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT) with the mission of cartography to build up a digital map of Korean territory including a Digital Terrain Elevation Map(DTEM). This instalment which comprises EOC Sensor Assembly and EOC Electronics Assembly produces the panchromatic images of 6.6 m GSD with a swath wider than 17 km by push-broom scanning and spacecraft body pointing in a visible range of wavelength, 510~730 nm. The high resolution panchromatic image is to be collected for 2 minutes during 98 minutes of orbit cycle covering about 800 km along ground track, over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable gain/offset and on-board image data storage. The image of 8 bit digitization, which is collected by a full reflective type F8.3 triplet without obscuration, is to be transmitted to Ground Station at a rate less than 25 Mbps. EOC was elaborated to have the performance which meets or surpasses its requirements of design phase. The spectral response, the modulation transfer function, and the uniformity of all the 2592 pixel of CCD of EOC are illustrated as they were measured for the convenience of end-user. The spectral response was measured with respect to each gain setup of EOC and this is expected to give the capability of generating more accurate panchromatic image to the users of EOC data. The modulation transfer function of EOC was measured as greater than 16 % at Nyquist frequency over the entire field of view, which exceeds its requirement of larger than 10 %. The uniformity that shows the relative response of each pixel of CCD was measured at every pixel of the Focal Plane Array of EOC and is illustrated for the data processing.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the change of geographical (or geomorphological) location environment of the dwelling site and its cause in Daejon Basin during transition from the Bronze Age to the Proto Three Kingdoms Period. In order to achieve this goal, it was divided into (1) 'comparison of the total number of dwelling sites of a group of remains (or high-density dwelling remains)' and (2) 'comparison of the total number of dwelling sites in certain remains including locations of dwelling of two periods' and location environment was compared to each other in aspects of altitude, gradient, 'distance from the river of water available for use' and 'the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use' based on change of period. The results were as follows: 1. looking at a change of individual factors, the altitude was elevated and the gradient was increased. The distance from the river of water available for use was decreased or increased in case of 'small scale river' and it was very little difference or increased in case of 'medium scale river'. The difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use was increased in case of 'small scale river' and it was increased or decreased in case of 'medium scale river'. If comparing the individual factors to each other, the increase and decrease of altitude, gradient and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use have the similar pattern. Especially, it was shown that the increase of gradient affected the increase of altitude and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use. In addition, it was shown that the increase and decrease of distance from the river of water available for use had the different pattern from those of altitude, gradient and 'the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use'. 3. With above results, it was thought that combination of micro landform characteristics (eg. Characteristics of gradient) of low hills distributed within Daejeon Basin and rich aquatic environment surrounding the low hills affected the selection of location of dwelling sites at the time. Especially, it was shown that 'gradient and distance from the river of water available for use' were relatively more important factors for the inhabitants at the time to select the location of dwelling sites compared to 'altitude and difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use' upon selecting the location of dwelling.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.83-96
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• 2012

This paper has obtained the following results by investigating the physical geographical names appeared on the school songs of the primary secondary school in Daegu metropolitan city. 1) The physical geographical names appeared many on the school songs in the old-established schools are the traditional physical geographical names such as The Mt. Palgong, The Geumho river, The Nakdong river, The Mt. Biseul and the physical geographical names related to the identity of Daegu such as Dalgubeol, The Mt. Taebaek, Seorabeol and so forth. 2) The physical geographical names appeared many on the school songs in the primary schools are The Mt. Palgong, The Geumho river, The Nakdong river, and The Mt. Biseul in order, while those appeared many on the school songs in the secondary schools are The Mt. Palgong, The Geumho river, The Nakdong river, and The Mt. Biseul in order. 3) Since The Mt. Taebaek and Seorabeol relatively often appear in the physical geographical names, we can find the relationship between Daegu and Silla Dynasty, and that between The Mt. Palgong and The Mt. Taebaek from the viewpoint of feng shui. 4) In case of the school songs in the schools distributed around the area of Suseong-Gu and DalSeo-Gu which are newly developed, the physical geographical names within the two areas in addition to the traditional physical geographical names(including the physical geographical names related to the identity of Daegu) appeared many on the school songs. 5) The Mt. Palgong, which is the representative physical geographical name of Daegu, almost did not appear on the school songs of the schools within the Dalseong-Gun. In other words, the residents in the Dalseong-Gun have recognized the mountain based on The Mt. Biseul rather than The Mt. Palgong. 6) It is special that The Sincheon amounting to the central stream in Daegu almost did not appear on the school songs. 7) It is concluded that the physical geographical names found in this paper can be not only set as main ecological space in Daegu area but also considered in top priority as ecological space in the various plans of development.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.222-235
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• 2017

A comparative study of the leaf epidermal micromorphology in the tribe Neillieae (Neillia: 4 species, 4 varieties; Physocarpus: 5 species; Stephanandra: 2 species) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy in order to evaluate the taxonomic and systematic implications of these characteristics. The leaves of the genera Neillia and Stephanandra were hypostomatic, whereas those of P. monogynus, P. opulifolius were amphistomatic. The range of the size of the stomata is $12.02-34.39{\times}10.76-27.13{\mu}m$; the smallest was found in N. thyrsiflora (average $13.98{\times}12.43{\mu}m$; $L{\times}W$), while the largest was measured in N. gracilis (average $26.82{\times}20.67{\mu}m$; $L{\times}W$). Paracytic stomata complexes are only found in N. affinis, and the anomocytic type was most commonly found. The papillate epidermal cell type was only observed on the abaxial surfaces of P. insularis. Platelet epicuticular waxes were found on the adaxial surfaces of N. affinis and S. tanakae. Four types (unicellular non-glandular, two- to five-armed, stellate, and glandular) of trichomes were found on the leaves. Stellates were observed in all species of Physocarpus except for P. insularis. Consequently, leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics (e.g., the presence of papillate epidermal cells and stellate, and stomata complexes) may have high taxonomic and systematic value in Neillieae. Our results strongly support previous molecular phylogenetic and palynological hypotheses that Stephanandra and Neillia are a single genus and that Physocarpus insularis should be considered as a member of Spiraea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2018

A comparative study of leaf epidermal microstructures in genus Aruncus (two species, five varieties) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy in order to evaluate their significance in terms of taxonomy. All of the leaves of the taxa studied here were amphistomatic with undulate anticlinal walls, and smooth and flat periclinal walls on both surfaces. The size range of the stomata complex is $8.95-21.97{\times}7.50-16.99{\mu}m$: the largest one was found in Aruncus dioicus var. astilboides (average $18.01{\times}13.47{\mu}m$) and the smallest was measured and determined to be A. gombalanus (average $11.11{\times}8.94{\mu}m$). An anomocytic stomata complex was found in all of the studied taxa. The stomatal frequency on average was $27.54/0.05mm^2$; it is highest in A. gombalanus ($60.4/0.05mm^2$) and lowest in A. dioicus var. acuminatus ($11.6/0.05mm^2$). Two types (short stalked capitate glandular trichome and non-glandular trichome) of trichomes are found in the leaves. The non-glandular trichome was divided into three types based on the presence and degree of development of subsidiary cells. Anomocytic stomata of the hypostomatic type and the distribution pattern of capitate glandular trichomes were the major characters in this genus. The stomata size and frequency, the epidermal cell structure, the trichome type and the distribution pattern may have diagnostic importance among the taxa in the genus. Our leaf micromorphological results provide useful information for the taxonomic revision of the genus Aruncus.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.204-229
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• 1988

This paper documents and discusses trends and differentials in youth's participation in the labor force and employment. Youth in this study is defined asthe young aged 15-29. Youth passes through a series of life-course transitions,which include school completion own family formation(marriage and childbirth) .mandatory service in the army (by males) , and their economic activities are affectedby those life-course events. Accordingly we show how and to what extent youth'slabor force participation and employment varies with age and how the age patternhas changed over time.Throughout the 1980's and 1990's, youth's labor force participation showeddifferent trends by age group Labor fDrce participation rate of the 15-19 agedsteeply decreased, while that of the 25-29 steadily increased during the twodecades, the rate fsr the 20-24 aged showing not much variation. The former is dueto the increased rate of school enrollment among the age group, while the lattercould be attributed, in part, to the young women s increased and more steadyparticipation in the labor force over time.While labor force participation could be considered as a result of one's choicesand preferences, employment opportunities are more or less restricted by labormarket structure and institutions . This study documents how the structuralconstraints have interacted with individual and group attributes to differentiateemployment opportunities between individuals (educational background) and groups(especially sex diffrences) . One of the most salient feature of youth's em[ploymentstructure is the recent high unemployment rate of the college graduates. We discusshow that is related to the'credential society'in which one's educational credentials and it's social status play major role in determining who gets what in terms of job opportunities. Also is discussed the discordance between school and labor marketsupply and demand system, which is apparent in the prolonged oversupply of thecollege graduates, which is due to the consistently high rate of college entranceobserved since the early 1980's. Theoretically the job market for college graduates isviewed not as the'neoclassical'wage competition market but as job competition market in which one's (good) job opportunity is determined by one s position in thejob queue, which is in turn heavily dependent on from which college one get shis/her college degree as well as one's sex.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2004

To investigate antioxidative effects of phenolic compounds separated from persimmon leaves(PL)(Diospyros kaki Thunb.) on the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100-150 g were divided into 5 groups; control group(CON), PL(70 mg/kg) administered group(PEl), ethanol(5 mL/kg, 25％) administered group(ETH), PL(70 mg/kg) and ethanol administered group (PE2), and PL(140 mg/kg) and ethanol administered group(PE3), respectively. The antioxidative activity of persimmon leaves decreased in order of ethylacetate>interphase materials>n-butanol>chloroform>n-hexane>water fraction. The growth rate and feed efficiency ratio decreased by ethanol were gradually increased to the adjacent level of CON by administering PL. The serum activities of ALT, alkaline phosphatase and lactic acid dehydrogenase elevated by ethanol were decreased significantly. It was also observed that the activities of SOD, catalase, and GSH-Px of rat liver increased by ethanol were markedly decreased in PL administered group as compared to ETH. The GSH content of liver was decreased by ethanol, but that was increased in PE1 and PE2 compared with ETH as a dose-dependant manner. These results suggested that phenolic compounds separated from persimmon leaves have a possible protective and relievable effect on the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.