• Title/Summary/Keyword: 포이어

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Inhibitory Effect of Muscat Bailey A Seed Extract on Melanin Production in $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone-stimulated B16 Cell (머루포도 씨 추출물의 $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone으로 자극한 B16세포에서 melanin 생성억제 효과)

  • Lee, Pyeong-Jae
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.477-482
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    • 2009
  • Inhibitory effect of skin and seed of three species grape cultivated in Korea on melanogenesis was investigated. Melanin generation was examined in $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone-stimulated B16 cell, mouse melanoma, in the presence of samples. All skin sample did not show the inhibitory effect. Seed extract of Campbell early and Neo Muscat had negative effect on cell viability. When $50{\mu}g/ml$ seed extract of Muscat Bailey A was treated, amount of generated melanin and cell viability were $51.6{\pm}20.5%$ and $90.4{\pm}11.3%$ compared to control, respectively. Seed extract of Muscat Bailey A reduced the tyrosinase protein induced by $\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone, which suggests that inhibitory effect of seed extract of Muscat Bailey A on melanin is partly due to suppression of tyrosinase that is responsible for melanin production.

Transfer Learning using Multiple ConvNet Layers Activation Features with Principal Component Analysis for Image Classification (전이학습 기반 다중 컨볼류션 신경망 레이어의 활성화 특징과 주성분 분석을 이용한 이미지 분류 방법)

  • Byambajav, Batkhuu;Alikhanov, Jumabek;Fang, Yang;Ko, Seunghyun;Jo, Geun Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.205-225
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    • 2018
  • Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) is one class of the powerful Deep Neural Network that can analyze and learn hierarchies of visual features. Originally, first neural network (Neocognitron) was introduced in the 80s. At that time, the neural network was not broadly used in both industry and academic field by cause of large-scale dataset shortage and low computational power. However, after a few decades later in 2012, Krizhevsky made a breakthrough on ILSVRC-12 visual recognition competition using Convolutional Neural Network. That breakthrough revived people interest in the neural network. The success of Convolutional Neural Network is achieved with two main factors. First of them is the emergence of advanced hardware (GPUs) for sufficient parallel computation. Second is the availability of large-scale datasets such as ImageNet (ILSVRC) dataset for training. Unfortunately, many new domains are bottlenecked by these factors. For most domains, it is difficult and requires lots of effort to gather large-scale dataset to train a ConvNet. Moreover, even if we have a large-scale dataset, training ConvNet from scratch is required expensive resource and time-consuming. These two obstacles can be solved by using transfer learning. Transfer learning is a method for transferring the knowledge from a source domain to new domain. There are two major Transfer learning cases. First one is ConvNet as fixed feature extractor, and the second one is Fine-tune the ConvNet on a new dataset. In the first case, using pre-trained ConvNet (such as on ImageNet) to compute feed-forward activations of the image into the ConvNet and extract activation features from specific layers. In the second case, replacing and retraining the ConvNet classifier on the new dataset, then fine-tune the weights of the pre-trained network with the backpropagation. In this paper, we focus on using multiple ConvNet layers as a fixed feature extractor only. However, applying features with high dimensional complexity that is directly extracted from multiple ConvNet layers is still a challenging problem. We observe that features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers address the different characteristics of the image which means better representation could be obtained by finding the optimal combination of multiple ConvNet layers. Based on that observation, we propose to employ multiple ConvNet layer representations for transfer learning instead of a single ConvNet layer representation. Overall, our primary pipeline has three steps. Firstly, images from target task are given as input to ConvNet, then that image will be feed-forwarded into pre-trained AlexNet, and the activation features from three fully connected convolutional layers are extracted. Secondly, activation features of three ConvNet layers are concatenated to obtain multiple ConvNet layers representation because it will gain more information about an image. When three fully connected layer features concatenated, the occurring image representation would have 9192 (4096+4096+1000) dimension features. However, features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers are redundant and noisy since they are extracted from the same ConvNet. Thus, a third step, we will use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select salient features before the training phase. When salient features are obtained, the classifier can classify image more accurately, and the performance of transfer learning can be improved. To evaluate proposed method, experiments are conducted in three standard datasets (Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397) to compare multiple ConvNet layer representations against single ConvNet layer representation by using PCA for feature selection and dimension reduction. Our experiments demonstrated the importance of feature selection for multiple ConvNet layer representation. Moreover, our proposed approach achieved 75.6% accuracy compared to 73.9% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the Caltech-256 dataset, 73.1% accuracy compared to 69.2% accuracy achieved by FC8 layer on the VOC07 dataset, 52.2% accuracy compared to 48.7% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the SUN397 dataset. We also showed that our proposed approach achieved superior performance, 2.8%, 2.1% and 3.1% accuracy improvement on Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397 dataset respectively compare to existing work.

A Study on the Relativity Between the Theatre's Composition Principle and Urban Concept - Focused on the Productions that are Applied for International Ideas Competition for the Design of the Seoul Performing Arts Center - (극장의 구성 원리와 도시 개념의 상관성에 관한 연구 - Seoul Performing Art Center 국제 공모전을 중심으로 -)

  • Lim Jong-Yup;Kwon Ik-Hyun
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.15 no.1 s.54
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2006
  • Stages, in the theatrical spaces, were space, which incorporates aspects of cities. Hence, the stages have been constituted to materialize sequence of city, which has exact number, proportion and order of ideal city. In addition, it has accomplished change, which depends on type of performance with the social condition and culture of generation, city has. However, the original form of theatrical space were forgotten on account of the various changes of theatrical form with modem movement since the end of 19th century, and theatrical space, which does not relate with its space of city, was started to constitute. Particularly in contemporary society, the theatre can give vitality to the citizens, and also theatrical architecture as a commercial code has been a general form, though it takes important role, which improves cultural value with technical improvement of cities development of society. Thus, this study analyzed urbanity ,which theatres have incorporated historically, and deduced a correlativity from to be based on constitution of space in visual, perceptual, spatial constitution and functional role. Focused on published SPAC international competition, it was interpreted by contemporary focus, therefore, this experiment suggests constitution of theatrical spaces of information, takes urbanity, through to analyze visual, perceptual, spatial constitution and functional role in context of contemporary city.

Biostatic activity of Coix lacryma seed extract on Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages (율무씨 수침 추출물이 대식세포내 톡소포자충에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 소진탁;김숙향
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.197-206
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    • 1996
  • Water extract of Coix locrvmn seeds (Co-Ex) was separated into several components; dissolved with Tris-Cl buffer and the supernatant (WC 1), ammonium sulfate treatment supernatant (WC2) and the pellet nvc31,9AE column chromatography of WC 1 and the peak portions; WC4, WCS and WC6. Murine peritoneal macrophages in DMEM containing 10% heat-inactivated FCS were infected with tachyzoites of ToxopIQsmc gondii, RH strain, in uifo. By adding modulators such as Co-Ex, WC 1,2,3,4.5,6 and LPS or IFN-γ for 24 hrs . toxoplasmastatic activity of macrophages was examined in relation to nitrite production. Nitrite production of macrophages was enhanced especially in the series of WC2, WC1 and the combination sample (WC1 + WC2 + WC3) by order than other components or fractions (WC4, WC5, WC6) tested . Toxoplasmastatic actions such as percentage of the inacrophages infected by T. gonnii and fold increase of T gondii in macrophages showed retroverse relations with the amount of nitrite production; i.e. as nitric oxide (NO) increased the phagocytic index of macrophages and the fold increase of tachyzoites in macrophages decreased . Nitrite (NO-2) production was increased by adding IFN-γ in all cases together with enhancement of biostatic effects. Through the results obtained, it is speculated that some components other than the non-proteinous and defatted components in Coix lacrwmn seeds may contribute to activate macrophages through induction of NO for the biostatic activity.

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Fine Structural Analysis of Principal and Secondary Eyes in Wandering Spider, Pardosa astrigera (배회성 거미 (Pardosa astrigera) 주안과 부안의 미세구조적 분석)

  • Jeong, Moon-Jin;Lim, Do-Seon;Moon, Myung-Jin
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2000
  • The wandering spider, Pardosa astrigera, had four pairs of ocelli that arranged in three rows on the cephalothorax. Along the anterior margin lay a pair of small anterior median (AM) eye flanked on each side by anterior lateral (AL) eye. Two large posterior median (PM) eye was situated on the clypeus behind the anterior row and still more posteriorly was a pair of posterior lateral (PL) eye. The visual cell of retina consisted of cell body, rhabdome, and intermediate segment. Bipolar neuron was found in anterior median eye (principal eye) and unipolar neuron in others (secondary eye). Rhabdome showed that arranged in PMeye and PLeye. But rhabdomes of AMeye and ALeye were irregular in retina. Except AMeye, incontinuous tapetum found in ALeye, PMeye, PLeye. Anterior median eye was similar to anterior lateral eye in length and posterior median eye similar to posterior lateral eye. Component size of eye were similar to 4 pairs eye in cornea. Size of lens, cell body, and rhabdome was similar not only anterior median eye and anterior lateral eye but also posterior median eye and posterior lateral eye. Vitreous body was large posterior median eye than others.

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세계의 EPS 사용 및 재활용 현황

  • (사)한국발포스티렌재활용협회
    • 환경사랑
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    • s.38
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    • pp.6-8
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    • 2004
  • EPS 총사용량은 중국이 단연 1위이며, 유럽, 미국, 일본, 한국이 그 뒤를 잇고 있다. 단열재 소비는 중국, 유럽, 미국에 이어 한국이 뒤를 잇고 있다. 수산물상자 등 식품포장재의 소비는 유럽, 미국, 일본, 중국 등의 순이다. 가전완충재인 경우 전자제품 제조공장이 인건비가 저렴한 국가로의 이전 등으로 서유럽, 일본, 한국 등의 소비가 감소하고 있고 그 대신 중국, 동부유럽, 동남아시아, 남미 국가들의 소비량이 증가하고 있다. EPS 포장재 다소비 국가 중 재활용실적이 양호한 국가는 독일 $77\%$(에너지 회수포함), 일본 $64\%$(에너지 회수 포함), 한국 $59\%$, 프랑스 $45\%$ 순이었다. 재활용방법은 일본을 제외한 아시아지역은 재생 원료 생산 위주이나, 유럽지역에서는 원료로의 재활용 외에 원원료 회수, 에너지 회수 등 다양한 재활용방법을 이용하고 있다.

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Removal Characteristics of Rainwater Including Non-point Pollutants Using Pre-filter of Wasted-tire and Non-woven Fabric (폐타이어와 부직포를 이용한 프리필터에 의한 비점오염원 포함 우수 처리 특성)

  • Yoo, Kyuseon;Han, Hakyoung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.655-659
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    • 2005
  • Pre-filter system that was consisted of wasted-tire, non-woven fabrics, and sponge was developed as a primary treatment process prior to rainwater reservation or a pre-treatment process of rainwater reuse system for reclamation. By using this system, SS concentration, TOC, COD, and turbidity could decreased by 86.7%, 62.6%, 69.1% and 66.5%, respectively. From the results of particle size distribution of treated water, the particles over than $30{\mu}m$ of diameter were completely removed by pre-filter system. But 90% of particles less than $20{\mu}m$ of diameter were passed through pre-filter. Optimal depth of wasted-tire and non-woven fabrics were 15cm and 2.4cm, respectively. Pre-filter system was considered as an effective alternative for pre-treatment of rainwater including non-point pollutants and it could be also applied for the treatment of combined sewer overflow (CSO).

한.중 심포지움 중 방문 연구소 소개

  • 오태광
    • The Microorganisms and Industry
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.45-48
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    • 1993
  • 13억의 인구와 370만 평방마일의 영토를 가진 중국은 공산주의 경제체제에서 자본주의 경제체제를 도입하여 시장개방, 자유경쟁 경제방식으로 전환함에 따라서 급격한 경제성장을 이루어 국제통화기금(IMF)의 1993년 보고에 의하여 국내총생산액(GDP)가 1조 6천억$로 미국, 일본에 이어 세계 3위의 경제 성장을 이루어 경제강대국으로 부상하고 있고 아울러, 무한히 넓은 땅덩어리와 천연 및 인적자원을 기초로 한 앞으로의 성장잠재력이 크게 기대되어 미국, 일본을 비롯한 선진국이 중국에 대한 투자를 다방면으로 검토하기 시작했고 생명공학분야도 예외없이, 연구분야에는 포장시험, 임상시험 등 실용화 연구에 중국측 강점을 이용한 협동연구, 중국정부 자체가 상업화 가능성이 높다고 판단하는 Torch High Technology Development Center에의 외국기업이나 연구소의 참여 등으로 확대되고 있다. 산업계는 벤쳐 케피탈의 활성화를 통한 첨단기술에 대한 투자를 적극적으로 실시하는 한편, 제약 및 생명공학분야의 합작투자를 통해서 외국의 기술, 장비, 자본 및 노하우를 도입하고 있다. 우리나라는 여러 산업 분야에서 대중국 투자 또는 협력이 활발히 이루어지고 있지만, 생명공학 분야는 그렇지 못한 것 같다. 연구개발의 국제경쟁력은 우리나라의 자체 연구개발도 중요하지만, 아울러, 외국에 대한 연구 동향을 파악함과 가능한 분야에 대한 투자와 협력을 통한 공동관심과제의 도출은 중요한 의미를 갖는다.

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회원사 탐방-21세기의 선택-항공우주산업과 기술을 선도하는 항공우주연구소를 찾아서

  • The Korea Society of Space Technology
    • Satellite Communications and Space Industry
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 1994
  • 지난 4월 25일 종합과학기술심의회에서 국책사업으로 "다목적 실용위성 개발사업"의 기본계획, 개발체계, 정부부처간 역할분담 등 세부계획이 심의.의결을 거쳐 확정되었다. 이 사업은 오는 97년까지 정부지원 1천4백15억원 민간출연 2백35억원을 포함 총 1천6백50억원을 투입하여 해양탐사.환경관측.과학실험 등에 활용할 수 있는 지구저궤도용 다목적 실용위성을 개발 발사하는 것을 목표로 추진되고 있다. 다목적 실용위성 개발사업은 추진 체계 및 일정이 최종 확정됨에 따라 항공우주연구소를 사업총괄 주관기관으로 오는 9월부터 본격적으로 착수될 전망이다. 인공위성연구센터가 우리별 1호와 2호를 성공적으로 발사하여 우리나라 위성분야의 새로운 장을 열어 놓은데 이어 다목적 실용위성 개발사업이 구체화 됨에 따라 사업의 총괄 주관기관으로 선정된 항공우주연구소를 탐방하여 홍재학소장과 대담을 통하여 구체적인 사업추진 계획과 전망을 조명함은 물론 우주 첨단과학 기술의 산실인 항공우주연구소의 활동상황과 앞으로의 포부를 들어 보았다.

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A Survey on Example using Structural Information of Web documents (웹 문서의 구조적 정보 활용 사례에 관한 고찰)

  • Kim, Cheol-Su;Kim, Yang-Beom
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2003.05b
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    • pp.1011-1014
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    • 2003
  • 브라우저를 통해서 보는 웹 문서는 보이는 문서 내용 이외에 많은 풍부한 정보들을 원시 문서에 포함하고 있다. 웹 문서 색인 및 분류 과정에서 이런 관련 정보를 효율적으로 사용한다면 색인어에 가중치를 부여하거나 문헌 분류과정에서 밀접하게 관련된 문헌들끼리 분류가 가능하다. 잘 색인된 색이어 집합 및 잘 분류된 문헌 집합은 검색자의 질의어에 대한 검색 견과의 문헌집합들에 대한 문헌 순위화를 효율적으로 수행하여 사용자로 하여금 검색 시간을 줄여줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 웹 문서를 대상으로 한 검색 시스템에서 검색 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 웹 문서의 구조적인 정보들을 이용한 방법들에 대하여 고찰해 본다. 색인 과정, 문헌 분류과정 순위화 과정에서 활용한 방법들에 대하여 중점적으로 살펴본다.

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