• 복식
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2008

This study aims at defining the meaning of Pobeckchuck in the historical view-point, which appeared in the History of Joseon Dynasty, regarding the periods from the ruling period of Sunjo to that of Sunjong as the latter part of history. Pobeckchuck used in King Sejong was redressed in accordance with the measurement in the Kyeonggukdadejeon(code), in which time one Pobeckchuck was 46.80cm long. It is known that Juchuck, Hwangjongchuck, Youngjochuck, Joraegichuck etc. which had been used in the ruling period of Sejong Dynasty, were used till the period of Youngjo. Also, the document shows that in the 12th ruling period of Sunjo, Pobeckchuck was used for measurement, and in the 20th ruling period of Sunjo, newly-made ruler was only used for the measurement of fields, but no more details about how long it was. But according to the document complied at that time, one Pobeckchuck was 46.80cm long, which fact reveals that the same measurement was used as in the ruling period of Sunjo. When all the measurement laws which were established in the 3rd year of Junghee, the 6th year of Kwangmu were abolished, Pobeckchuck was solely banned from its use, which fact offers a glimpse of how confusing at that period was. The comparison and examination among many documents in the latter part of Joseon Dynasty show the differences within about 4cm that one Pobeckchuck ranged from 44.80cm to 48.80cm long. But no other document on measurement appeared in the History of Joseon Dynasty, except for the 46.80cm. Thus, the 46.80cm corrected in the ruling period of Sunjo proves that one chuck in Pobeckchuck adopted by the dynasty was used as the measurement of length till the ruling period of Sunjong.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.623-630
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• 2007

The remarkable fact regarding the History of Chosun Dynasty(from Jungjong- Youngjo) is that any slightest evidence can't be found that Pobeckchuck was used to measure clothes or various Pobecks. There remains the document that in the 22nd years of Myeonjong, Japan required that Pobeckchuck be used, but it couldn't be allowed because of the reason it was made in the former king. This fact raises the high possibility that Pobeckchuck could be the most trustworthy standardized ruler at that time, and in other point of view, it can be presumed that the measurement in the period of King Sejong continued to have been used until this time. It can be seen that the length of one Chuck of Pobeckchuck at this time must have been equivalent to 46. 73cm of Pobeckchuck of Samchuck in the period of Sejong. In the History of Sunjo Period, many records on Pobeckchuck can be found, which fact seemed to have rectified the measurement system which was disordered by military revolt, though the reason is not clear. Also a record can be found that in the period of Sunjo, Chinese envoy required the Sunjo Regime to use Pobeckchuck for the measurement of copper pillar, which record supports the fact that Pobeckchuck is the standardized ruler. Another record that in the 26th period of Youngjo, Pobeckchuck of Samchuck was corrected according to the Kyeongkukdaejeon shows that the length of Pobeckchuck was 46.80cm at that time. Also, the record which rectified many rulers with the comparison of Hwangjong-chuck, Ju-chuck, Joryeki-chuck, Yongjo-chuck, etc. with one another reveals that the rulers used in the period of Sejong continued to have been used unchanged until in the period of Youngjo.

• 복식
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2001

The measuring rule Is to extimate a size of a physical solid and its standard was each part of body since the beginning of the world. Korean traditional measuring rule was "Kyul Boo Sok Pa Bob". It bases on wreth of farm land and means a handful and a bundle. It was the real Korean traditional measuring rule though it was a influence on Chinese rule. And in Koguryo it had an effect on Japanese′s. In Chosun dynasty the King Sejong imprived the measuring rule and regylations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of civil lives. He put in good order by a proportions of the musical scale. It was one of fille correct ways to preserve the measuring rule and based on "Kyul Beo Sok Pa Bob"too. So ill that time the measuring rule for Korean traditional costume′s length was 46.703cm. In king Soonjo it′s length was 49.254cm and in 1926 it changed 50cm by the metric system. In 1990s the standard length has a difference in regions, 30cm, 45cm, 50cm, 54.5cm, 55cm and 60cm. As a result of the actual object investigation by regional measuring rule for Korean traditional costume it can reduce an accidental error when use the standard measuring rule, 50cm.

• 복식
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2003

The measurement in ruling period of King Sejong in Chosun Dynasty remained unchanged compared with that of Goyeo Dynasty. But Hwangjongchuck, the basis of measurement was amended in the 7th year in ruling period of King Sejong, Juchuck, Youngchochuck, Cholegichuck in the 12th, and Pobeckchuck in the 13th. The record of Pobeckchuck first appeared in the true record of Chosun Dynasty in the 4th year in ruling period of Sejong, and first record on the amendment of the Pobeckchuck was found in the 13th year in his ruling period. The presentation of the comparison of Pobeckchuck with Cholegichuck in volume 128 of true record of Sejong makes help the estimation of the length of Pobeckchuck. To calculate one Chuck of Pobeckchuck with this measurement comes to 44.75cm in present measurement, and the length at this time had remained unchanged to Yeonsangun period. Important fact which was newly found in the true record of Chosun Dynasty was that Pobeckchuck had been used for diverse purposes. Pobeckchuck was used to measure width, length and thickness in manufacturing wardrobe. and also to measure cloth decorating wardrobe. This is the first record(4th year of reign of Sejong) showing that Pobeckchuck was first used to measure cloth in Chosun Dynasty The record shows that Pobeckchuck was also used to measure the length of circumference of castle for its construction. to measure distances between people, the length of hook of wooden handle, and the height of man.

• 복식
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2003

The character of Plain Weaved Silks at the end of the Joseon Period from Takjijunjeol(탁지준절) are as follows. 1. Plain Weaved Silks recorded in Takjijunjeol(탁지준절) are Ju(주) 22 types, Cho(초) 13 types and Gyeon(견) 3 types. This is same as previous research where Ju(주) and Cho(초) were subdivided and diversified at the end of Joseon Period, but Gyeon(견) gradually disappeared, leaving only Ju(주) and Cho(초) 2. Plain weaved silks whose character have been examined are Gajiju(개지주), Nujuju(노주주), Nobangju(노방주), Bangsaju(방사주), Simnyangju(십량주), Hapsaju(합사주), Suju(수주), Toju(토주), Sukcho(숙초), Ryeoncho(연초), Gungcho(궁초), Byeol$$\mu$goyeongcho(별문고영초), Hujigyeon(후지견), 3. According to the differences in values and value scales written in Takjijunjeol(탁지준절), Ju(주) had various kinds of silks and Ju(주) are classified by qualities into two groups, the higher qualified group A or the lower qualified group B. On the contrary, Cho(초) and Gyeon(견) had only a few kinds, not as many as Ju(주), but all were high quality. Among them the most valuable plain weaved silks were Seoyang$$\mu$ju(서양문주), Hapsaju(합사주), Byeol$$\mu$goyeongcho(별문고영초). 4. According to Pobaekcheok(포백척) of Takjijunjeol(탁지준절) which shows real sizes, Ju(주) had various length and widths, but Cho(초) had one unified length and width.

• 복식
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• 제16권
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• pp.111-123
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• 1991

We suppose that Poback-cheok appeared with wearing clothes in the ancient times. At first, man used body as a scale, and it is gradually diversified with social development. It is clear that also in the time of Shilla-Dynasty, the United Shilla-Dynasty and the Goryeo-Dynasty, the system of degree existed in historical relation to that of China. But we don't know it's real length, because there is no recording until the beginning of the Yi-Dynasty. The first recording about Poback-cheok appeared in the time of the King Sejong. Hwangjong-Cheok which is a original vessel of the degree system appears in the 7th years of the King Sejong. In the 12th years of the King Sejong, Ju-cheok, Youngjo-cheok and Joyegi-cheok appeared. In the 13th years of the King Sejong, Poback-cheok appeared as a new changed one. At that time, the length of Poback-cheok is recorded as 44.75cm in chapter of Oye and Jonsoo Pobaek-cheok is recorded as 46.73cm in Jeonjesangjeongso's picture, and it is recorded as 46.80cm in the Kyunggugdaijeon. The scale system is put in good order in the time of King Sejong. But it is confused by the war of 1636 after King Seonjo period. In the 26 th year of King Youngjo, it is reappeared as one of the King Sejong, and it is fixed as 46.80cm. The length is used until the proclamation in the 6th years of the Kwangmu(1902), and then the length of Pobaek-cheok is changed as 48.48 cm, that is measured by a Gok-cheok. After that time, the scale system is very confused during the introduction of new civilization and the Korean-Japanes Unit. So it is used longer or shorter(that is, 49.24cm or 48.91cm). And the metric system is introduced by Japanes in 1926, and it reached the present time. According to use, the actual thing with is used in the end of the Yi-Dynasty is various from 30cm to 70cm. And according to material and craft-man, it can be devided into Hwa-gag scale, Najeon-blacklacquer-scale, bamboo-scale, wooden-scale. The way of expression of measure is always followed by the decimal system. The other half part, except the part of expression of graduation, is put on decorate with a pattern. Also we can see the idea of living on this point.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.230-246
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• 2023

청동기시대(靑銅器時代)부터 나타나기 시작하여 인류역사상 가장 오래된 방어시설로 추정되고 있는 목책(木柵)은 조선시대 임진왜란(壬辰倭亂) 이후까지 군사적인 방어기능을 더욱 강화하기 위한 목적으로 성(城)이나 병영(兵營) 외부에 설치되는 성책(城柵), 영책(營柵)의 개념으로 정립되면서 방어를 위한 필수시설로서 중요성이 더욱 부각되었다. 본 연구는 『조선왕조실록(朝鮮王朝實錄)』, 『신증동국여지승람(新增東國輿地勝覽)』 등 문헌조사를 중심으로 조선시대 관방시설로 이용되었던 목책을 연구한 결과로, 녹각성(鹿角城)과 수중목책(水中木柵)의 용도와 기능 그리고 설치 방법 그리고 목책의 소재 등을 집중적으로 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여말선초 외적의 침략이 빈번해짐에 따라 목책은 주요 성외 방어시설(防禦施設)로써 큰 역할을 담당하게 되었다. 또한, 목책은 당시의 시대적 상황이나 관방정책, 입지 환경에 따라 목책성, 녹각성 그리고 수중목책 등 다양한 유형으로 변용(變容)되어 설치되었다. 둘째, 목책은 요충지(要衝地)의 산성(山城)이나 영(營), 진(鎭), 보(堡), 성(城) 등 군사적 목적의 관방시설(關防施設)에 설치되었으며, 유사시 방어의 시급성에 따라 농번기(農繁期)를 피해 인력의 동원이 수월한 농한기(農閑期)에 맞춰 설치되었다. 문헌 기록을 통해 확인되는 조선시대 목책의 규모는 포백척(布帛尺)으로 환산한 결과 그 둘레가 4,428척(2,066m)부터 55척(25m)까지 매우 다양한 규모였다. 또한, 목책의 재료는 소나무와 참나무류가 주로 사용되었다. 셋째, 녹각성은 일반적인 목책보다 공격성을 겸비한 효율적인 전투 지원시설로, 『조선왕조실록』에 나타난 녹각성기록은 세종대에 20회로 가장 많은 기록이 나타났다. 지역별로는 4군 6진 지역인 평안·함길도(12) 등 변방(邊防) 험지(險地)에 주로 설치된 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 15세기 초반 조정에서 남해안 연해지역(沿海地域)의 해상 방어 전략을 수립하게 되면서부터 1510년 삼포왜란(三浦倭亂) 이후 본격적으로 읍성(邑城)을 비롯한 주요 치소(治所)나 진, 보 등 여러 관방시설 주변에 왜적의 병선(兵船)을 저지하기 위한 방어시설로서 수중목책의 설치가 급격히 증가하였다. 다섯째, 삼포왜란을 전후한 15세기부터 17세기 사이 남해안과 강화도에 수중목책이 설치되었다. 특히 15세기에 제포와 같은 경남 해안 요해처(要害處)에 수중목책이 집중적으로 설치되었다. 수중목책의 재료는 소나무와 참나무류가 주종을 이루지만 이 밖에도 합다리나무, 서어나무류, 칠덩굴도 목책의 소재로 활용되었다.