• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.28
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• pp.61-85
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• 2010

This is about studying on the environmental ethics of Taoism mainly based on Taoism's Bioautonomous. Taoism is the most comprehensive thought in the traditional thoughts of East Asia. According to Taoism, every individual bio has its own intrinsic value having nothing to do with the value estimated by human beings since it has Daoxing. Human beings, however, have their own bioautonomous which is different from other individual bio. In Taoism human beings are independent for their lives. They do not depend on nature, but they can control themselves. That is to say, their lives depend not on god but on their own wills. The human beings' bioautonomous includes two different meanings: one is that human beings can use other individual bio as a tool for their eternal youth, and the other is that human beings are the main character of realizing the intrinsic value of universal bio and bringing harmony into each individual bio. In Taoism the harmony of universal bio is considered as the top value. Realizing the value of human beings is based on keeping harmonious order of universal bio and realizing the value of other individual bio. the environmental ethics of Taoism is not Biocentrism. Biocentrism argues that each individual bio has teleological center of life, which pursues its own good in its own way, and possesses equal members of Earth's community. As a result, human beings role and responsibility was reduced. But Taoism insists on human beings' bioautonomous. And human beings should be responsible for universal bio's harmony. Therefore the environmental ethics of Taoism is not Biocentrism but Bioautonomous. Bioautonomous environmental ethics of Taoism insists on human beings should be responsible being in relation with other living beings. Because of this point, it can be a theory of biorecovery.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2014

This study is to carry out literary study about the subject of Martial Study in Song Dynasty which was in charge of military strategy education. Martial Examination and Martial Study were related to military officials in China, and also have important value of historical materials in physical education dealing with martial arts as traditional physical activity. To be a military official would be possible to correspond with such requirements as knowledge that sports experts should have, leadership as a leader, and ability reinforcement through physical training, and the effort to pass Martial examination as the chance of status rise contributed to developing sports and culture because the necessity of training military arts was emphasized in social situations. Martial Study establishment became a clue of creating and spreading the notion that General should have virtue and justice as an ideological style of new-Confucianism (neo-Confucianism and Sung Confucianism) in Song Dynasty. After founded in 1043 and equipped with a formal aspect in 1072, Martial Study got the political effect and improved national competitiveness while its function of cultivating and selecting excellent capable persons was going on smoothly. Educational contents in Martial Study were understanding and flexibly applying the skills of infantrymen, cavalrymen, and bowmen and the meanings and theories of confucian classics, testing problem solutions of reality, and teaching the measures of the problem. Martial Study included three aspects of military capable persons, war, and weapons and took charge of the function of education, selection, and promotion, steadily supporting development and continuance of Martial examination institution.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2009

This paper deals with fundamental questions how we should understand and approach the gambling addiction problems optimally. We attempted to define the nature of gambling behaviors first and to understand gambling addiction as an extreme class of behaviors on a behavioral continuum. This frame of reference would allow researchers to diagnose, classify, and evaluate gambling problems clearly, and to estimate prevalence rate and incidence rate more accurately from a perspective of behavioral sciences. Also, we emphasized to get out of a dichotomy in classifying gambling behaviors(i.e., either pathological or non-pathological). In addition, we introduced multi-agent and multi-level approaches to understanding gambling problems. With these approaches, each of the agents pertinent to the gambling problems can take its own responsibility and collaborate with other agents to solve the problems together. Also it is a proper time to develop a new scale overcoming the limitations of existing scales. So we presented several cautions in developing new scales for evaluating gambling problems. Lastly, in building a gambling policy, the estimation of prevalence and incidence rate is an important issue. So we suggested various ways for accurate estimation of prevalence and incidence rates reflecting the nature of gambling problems.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.741-762
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly(NQ-E) of the elderly living in the community and to investigate the characteristics of living conditions affecting the nutritional status of the elderly. The subjects of the survey were 1,970 elderly single elderly households aged 65 and over in the nationwide through convenience sampling method. A survey cooperative system was established with Comprehensive Support Center for Elderly Living Alone, and the 25 social welfare institutions. 385 Life Managers for Elderly Living Alone participated as a survey agent. As a result, NQ-E was 51.14 points, which is the lowest level in the NQ-E, and the explanatory power was 20.1% in multiple regression analysis. Significant variables were age, sex, subjective health status, low number of medication, non-smoker, non-alcoholic, satisfactory economic status, academic status, and the interaction with family and neighbors. Based on this result, this study explains that comprehensive measures of nutritional management for the elderly living alone needs to be sought.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.265-291
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• 2013

In the context of welfare politics, this study tries to examine how interest groups'policy priorities in the child-care policy of Korea were shaped and changed. Based on the already institutionalized child-care services, each beneficiary group-parents, employer and employee of child care center-has its own preference and perception in child-care policy. Futhermore, this difference has produced conflict of interests in the priority of policy options and brought interest group politics to the realm of child-care policy. With regard to interest group politics, this study firstly examines divergence of beneficiary groups'perception about the child-care policy priorities. Meanwhile, discourse politics should be regarded as another dimension of welfare politics because beneficiaries'perception preference in policy could be sometimes changed and converged by communicative policy discourse. By examining convergent aspects of beneficiary groups'perception about policy priority, this study secondly tries to analyze the discourse politics which has been influenced by the free child-care discourse during 2010-12 election period. To investigate these two dimensions of child-care politics, beneficiary groups'policy priority should be systematically and comprehensively classified and quantified. Using Analysis Hierarchy Process(AHP), this study identifies 11 policy issues and determines different ranking priorities of each beneficiary group.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.399-425
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• 2009

This study aims to conceptualize 'perceived disability discrimination', to evaluate the coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act from the perspective of perceived discrimination, and to discuss the possibility of legal judgement on the perceived disability discrimination. As a general concept, it is the perceived discrimination that people with disabilities feel or experience any type of discrimination based on stigma, disability oppression, prejudice, or stereotype. The Korea's Disability Discrimination Act does not consider some perceived discrimination as a subject of legal judgement. Although indirect discrimination is a very good content to correct wrong social rules, values, institutions, actually, it is confronted with being remained useless. Perceived disability discrimination such as strangers' staring or benevolent disability discrimination are not included in the coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act. The disability discrimination experienced by family members who has a disabled member was not a matter of current Korea's Disability Discrimination Act. Considering perceived disability discrimination, coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act should be extended to the concept of discrimination against disability, not against people with disability. Based on the concept of indirect discrimination, social rules and institutions should be examined if they are discriminative or not in dealing with the matters of people with disabilities. Also, for judging perceived disability discrimination, it is necessary to use 'the standard of reasonable people with disability', which comes from judgement standard of sexual harassments. The reality of oppressive ideology against disability should be socially accepted and the social reconstruction for people with disabilities should go on.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.81-98
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• 2011

Among the changes of the Curriculum from the liberation to the present, the biggest change in the highschool geography course appeared during the period from the Period of Syllabus to the 1st National Curriculum. More specifically, during the 1st National Curriculum the highschool geography course which previously had three subjects, 'Natural Environment and Human Lives', 'Human Geography', 'Economic Geography' was reduced to one subject, 'Human Geography.' In addition, while some contents related with astronomy, geology, and biology had been contained in the physiography course, they were left out from the human geography course of the 1st National Curriculum. This reduction of the geography course was related to the context that earth science was newly established in the 1st National Curriculum. Originally the draft plan released in June, 1953, which was 10 months before the formal time allotment criteria list had been made public, contained 'Physical Geography' instead of 'Earth Science'. What is sorry is that the name of 'Physical Geography' did not remain and was changed to 'Earth Science'. The underlying causes of the crisis the geography education is now facing are the reduction of Physical Geography and the emergence of 'Earth Science' during the 1st National Curriculum. To overcome the present crisis, the subject of geography should be changed more meaningful one based on the comprehensive perspective and academic product that geography has accumulated.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.35-64
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• 2009

In an effort to increase our understanding of green buying behavior, the present study proposes and tests a comprehensive model of how values influence attitudes toward the environment and preferences for green products in a cross-cultural setting. Data were collected from a survey with consumers in two cultures, diametrically different on values salient to environmental consumerism, the U.S. and Korea. As a result of model testing both at the national and multi-group levels, a refined, final model is presented. While the core human values were found to relate to environmental attitudes and green buying behavior, the patterns of the relationships among the variables emerged to differ between the two cultures, highlighting the importance of cross-cultural investigations in this area. Results suggest that biospheric values significantly influence environmental attitudes and green consumption in both countries. However, the effects of egoism were significant among American respondents whereas altruism appeared to have a significant influence on attitude and behavior in the Korean sample. Findings of this study should aid international marketers in their understanding of what drives consumers' green buying behavior in different cultural settings.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-95
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• 2007

The "cause-related marketing (CRM)," generally defined as a mutually beneficial relationship between a company and a non-profit relationship or a social cause, which is perhaps the most progressive outgrowth of marketing trend. This paper contributes to, and looks at the practical issues of CRM and its effect on the brand attitude of the customer. To do so, following three broad research questions have been addressed. Which cause-related orientation is effective on customer's attitude of the brand? Which type of cause-related message provides crucial impact on customer's attitude of the brand? How product category acts upon and brings about different consequences on CRM? To address these questions, a causal model has been developed incorporating message type, product relevance, social significance, and brand attitude. The study model was tested with survey data collected from 400 career professionals and students in Seoul and statistically processed the 176 valid ones. The results of the study considerably supported the conceptual model. The analysis also revealed that the study population was not able to detect the differences in CRM strategies but tend to conceptualize them as a whole.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.553-576
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of retirement stress, character strengths and marital dissatisfaction on depression. Additionally this study examined direct effects and indirect effects of character strengths and marital dissatisfaction. The participant group was composed of 197 retired men living in Daegu and Gyongsangbuk-do. The Retirement Stress Scale (RSS), Character Strengths Test (CST), Korean Marital Satisfaction Inventory (K-MSI), and Center for Epistemology Studies Depression scale (CES-D) were administered to participants. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS was used for the purpose of analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, an increase in retirement stress was associated with higher levels of depression. Second, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that higher levels of optimism significantly predicted higher depression. Also hierarchical regression analysis indicated that lower levels of appreciation of beauty and excellence without optimism significantly predicted higher depression. Furthermore, increases in marital dissatisfaction were associated with higher levels of depression. Third, the constructed model including both direct effects and indirect effects appeared to fit better than alternative model in explaining relationships between retirement stress and depression. In other words, character strengths and marital dissatisfaction appeared to affect the depression levels of retired men directly and indirectly. To sum up, this study demonstrated that the factors which had an effect on depression in retired men, character strengths and harmonious marital relationships appeared to act as a buffer against depression in retired men. The current results might serve as basic data for psychological well-being programs for retired men. Finally, the limitations and implications of the current study were discussed.