• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2003

Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae is part of the normal flora but is also responsible for causing many invasive diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis in addition to noninvasive diseases such as otitis in children. Multi-drug resistant strains has raised a lot of concern worldwide and thus the importance of prevention has been emphasized. We have analyzed the current serotypes and antibiotic sensitivity of each serotype as a baseline study to estimate the efficacy of the pneumococcal vaccine in Korean children. Methods : One hundred sixteen cases of pneumococcus cultured at Yonsei Medical Center from September 2001 to January 2003 were analyzed. The serotyping was done with the Quellung reaction and penicillin resistance was tested using the oxacillin disc diffusion method. Results : Pneumococcus were cultured from the sputum in 76 cases(65.5%), from the blood in 13 cases(11.2%), from the ear discharge in 12 cases(10.3%), from the throat in 7 cases(6.0%), from the nasal cavity in 2 cases(1.7%), and one case(0.9%) each from the cerebrospinal fluid, eye discharge, peritoneal fluid, post-operational wound, brain abscess, and catheter tip. Serotyping was possible with 98 cases and the following serotypes were found; 15 cases of type 19F(15.3%), 11 cases of 19A(11.2%), 8 cases of 11A(8.2%), 7 cases each of 6A, 14 and 3(7.1%), 6 cases each of 35, 6B and 23F(6.1%). Eighty two cases(70.7%) out of 116 cases were penicillin resistant and serotypes 19F, 19A, 11A, 23F, 6A, 9V constituted the majority, 48 cases(59.8%). These serotypes showed resistance to cotrimoxazole (74.4%), tetracycline(69.5%), and erythromycin(90.3%) as well. In the 22 cases cultured from children, 19A and 19F were found in 25.0%, 6A, 6B, and 23F in 10.0%, 11A, 14, 19, and 29 in 5.0%. Fifty percent(10/20) of the clinical isolates were represented in the current 7-valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine, and 85%(17/20) when the cross-reacting serotypes were included. Penicillin resistance was found in 86.4%(19/22). Conclusion : The percentage of serotypes included in the 7 valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine found in our study was 40.8% which was less than other prior studies. In anticipation of a change of pneumococcal serotypes, a nationwide multicenter study is needed before the initiation of pneumococcal vaccines in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.809-812
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• 2004

Chest wall metastases from malignant tumors are rare and the majority of them are from adjacent structures such as the breast, lung, pleura, and mediastinum. Paticularly, chest wall metastases from distant organs are an even rarer event. There are few reports of chest wall metastasis with obscure or absent primary tumor. A 51-year-old man was diagnosed with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma after an operation for a palpable mass on his left upper chest wall, At that time, there was no evidence of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver after various examinations. We report a case of chest wall metastasis from unknown primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.624-629
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• 2009

Background: Making the histologic diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules and ground glass opacity (GGO) lesions is difficult. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsies often fail to provide enough specimen for making the diagnosis. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can be inefficient for treating non-palpable lesions. Preoperative localization of small intrapulmonary lesions provides a more obvious target to facilitate performing intraoperative. resection. We evaluated the efficacy of CT-guided localization with using a hook wire and this was followed by VATS for making the histologic diagnosis of small intrapulmonary nodules and GGO lesions. Material and Method: Eighteen patients (13 males) were included in this study from August 2005 to March 2008. 18 intrapulmonary lesions underwent preoperative localization by using a CT-guided a hook wire system prior to performing VATS resection for intrapulmonary lesions and GGO lesions. The clinical data such as the accuracy of localization, the rate of conversion-to-thoracotomy, the operation time, the postoperative complications and the histology of the pulmonary lesion were retrospectively collected. Result: Eighteen VATS resections were performed in 18 patients. Preoperative CT-guided localization with a hook-wire was successful in all the patients. Dislodgement of a hook wire was observed in one case. There was no conversion to thoracotomy, The median diameter of lesions was 8 mm (range: $3{\sim}15\;mm$). The median depth of the lesions from the pleural surfaces was 5.5 mm (range: $1{\sim}30\;mm$). The median interval between preoperative CT-guided with a hook-wire and VATS was 34.5 min (range: ($10{\sim}226$ min). The median operative time was 43.5.min (range: $26{\sim}83$ min). In two patients, clinically insignificant pneumothorax developed after CT-guided localization with a hook-wire and there were no other complications. Histological examinations confirmed 8 primary lung cancers, 3 cases of metastases, 3 cases of inflammation, 2 intrapulmonary lymph nodes and 2 other benign lesions. Conclusion: CT-guided localization with a hook-wire followed by VATS for treating small intrapulmonary nodules and GGO lesions provided a low conversion thoracotomy rate, a short operation time and few localization-related or postoperative complications. This procedure was efficient to confirm intrapulmonary lesions and GGO lesions.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2016

As the rapid industrialization and modernization progress of the world it is becoming a fast-paced environment pollution. And, dust or environment pollution to solve reckless diggings of natural aggregate cause a serious problem. This study was used a Blast Furnace Slag and Combined Heat and Power Plant of Fly Ash as a cement substitute to reduce $CO_2$ emissions during cement production, this study intend to suggest it's result as basic data 'Properties of Artificial Stone interior or exterior materials type utilizing industrial by-product and waste resource' utilizing Waste Porcelain and Waste Glass. As a result, it was high strength that matrix added the Combined Heat and Power Plant of Fly Ash of addition ratio 40%. Also, pre-experiment was conduct as mixing ratio of waste glass, waste porcelain on the basis of the preceding experiment, proper mixing ratio was judged that proper of waste glass, waste porcelain was mixing ratio 60, 70 (%) of appeared surface aggregate ratio more than 45%.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2007

Background: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, a nonenzymatic antioxidant, in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI. Materials and Methods: ALI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by instilling LPS (E.coli, 3mg/Kg) into the trachea. The rats were classified into the control, control+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, LPS, and LPS+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid groups.The lung lavage neutrophil count, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), lung myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cytokine concentrations (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-10) were measured at 2 h and 6 h after LPS administration. Results: The total cell and neutrophil counts of the LPS+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid groups were significantly lower than the LPS groups. The protein concentration in the BAL fluid was similar in the LPS groups and LPS+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid groups. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 concentrations in the BAL fluid were not decreased by the ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid treatment in the LPS treated rats. Conclusions: Although ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid decreased the level of LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration into the lung, it could not attenuate the LPS-induced ALI at the dose administered in this study.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2010

This study evaluated the motion of tumors during the entire period of therapy and the accuracy of radiosurgery among forty eight lung tumor patients who were underwent radiosurgery using the CyberKnife Synchrony Respiratory Tracking System. The motion of lung tumor was measured by the coordinates of a gold acupuncture needle inserted into the tumor or the area around the tumor using the CyberKnife image guided system. Then the accuracy of radiosurgery was evaluated based on the error of correlation computed with the motion tracking system. The lung tumor motion is Cranio-Caudal direction by an average of $2.63{\pm}1.87\;mm$, moved left-right direction by $1.13{\pm}0.71\;mm$, and anterior-posterior direction by $1.74{\pm}1.16\;mm$. The degree of rotational movement was $1.66{\pm}1.66^{\circ}$ on X axis, $1.20{\pm}0.97^{\circ}$ on Y axis, and $1.18{\pm}0.73^{\circ}$ on Z axis. The vector of translation movement was measured to be $3.78{\pm}2.00\;mm$ on the average. The results show that directions of Cranio-Caudal(p < 0.001), anterior-posterior direction(p < 0.029), and three dimensional vector value(p < 0.002) showed statistical significance, because the lower side of tumor showed more intensive movement compared to the upper side of tumor. The radiosurgery was carried out by compensating the motion of tumor after accurate investigation of the correlation error with the average of $0.95{\pm}0.62\;mm$ during the lung tumor radiosurgery with the CyberKnife Synchrony Respiratory Tracking System.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 2022

In this study, the waste concrete sample obtained as various particle size (0~2.36 mm) was carried out the basic measurements and carbonation for analyzing the possibility of its carbonation. It was then investigated some analysis such as crystallization (XRD pattern), microstructure (SEM), and the production of CaCO₃ through the ignition loss (TG-DTA). The content of CaCO₃ in the waste concrete sample before carbonation was found in 14.51 % and 28.52 % after carbonation in 24 hours. Moreover, the content of CaCO₃ carbonated in 24 hours with fine grinded waste concrete sample was 32.73 %. The carbonation of the waste concrete sample was rapidly performed up to 6 hours, but gradually increased from 12 to 24 hours. Especially, the amount of CaCO₃ between 12 and 24 hours was only produced 2.32 %. The calcite-shaped CaCO₃ crystals after carbonation of the waste concrete sample were found in microstructure and their peaks were strongly detected on XRD pattern.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.904-909
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• 2009

Purpose : The differential diagnosis for a pulmonary nodule is intriguing in cancer patients. Metastasis might be a preferential diagnosis, and yet possibilities of other medical conditions still exist. Pulmonary tuberculosis should be enlisted in the differential diagnosis for a pulmonary nodule in cancer patients in Korea. This study was aimed at analyzing the incidence and clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis that were misdiagnosed as pulmonary metastasis during radiologic follow-up in pediatric cancer patients. Methods : We retrospectively studied 422 cancer patients less than 18 years old in the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 2001 to June 2007. We collected episodes of lung metastasis of primary tumor and tuberculosis during treatment or follow-up, and analyzed medical records. Results : There were 5 cases of tuberculosis confirmed after surgery which were initially regarded as cancer. Two patients had respiratory symptoms such as cough and sputum but the other 3 patients did not. One patient had a family history of tuberculosis. Acid-fast M. tuberculosis was found in one case upon tissue specimen analysis. Two cases were Mantoux positive and the sputum examination was negative in all cases. The polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis on a pathologic specimen was used to differentiate M. tuberculosis from non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM). It was positive in one case. Lung lesions in one case showed a concurrence of tuberculosis along with lung metastasis. One of these patients died after cancer recurrence. Conclusion : It is necessary to consider the possibility of tuberculosis when a lung mass is newly detected during treatment or follow-up in patients with childhood cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.222-226
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• 1991

Authors recently experienced a case of traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst in 4 year-old girl. Traumatic pulmonary cyst is a rare complication of blunt thoracic trauma, simulating surgical conditions such as lung abscess, localized empyema, or congenital bronchogenic cyst. Unless infection is supervened, surgery is not indicated because of its spontaneous regression. In this article, authors present the case and review the traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst with related articles.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.246-251
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• 2001

심장 탈장은 심낭을 열고 전폐절제술을 시행 후 드물게 발생되는 합병증으로 수술이 끝날때나 수술직후 발생된, 44세 남자환자에서 심낭을 열고 좌측 폐를 전절제술 후 심낭 결손부위를 인공조직으로 봉합하였다. 수술이 종료될 때 심장탈장이 발생되어 개흉에 의한 응급 복원을 시행하였으나 심한 저 산소성 뇌 손상이 발생되었다.