• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

Economic feasibility of power generation system using waste woody biomass in a circulating fluidized bed combustor has been investigated. Effects of important variables such as capital investment, cost of waste wood, certified emission reduction(CER), system marginal price(SMP) on the benefit of business have been analyzed. Internal rate of return(IRR) was predicted as 16.67%, which implicates the business is promising based on the assumptions such as SMP of 99 Won/kWh, capital cost of 10.65 billion won, and complimentary providing of waste wood. Major factors affecting the benefit of business were as follows; system marginal price, operational rate, capital investment, expenditure of waste wood, certified emission reduction. In addition, it must be necessary to consider CHP power plant providing steam as one of the means to diversify sales network, for the management of the business risk.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.71-73
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• 2008

Different biosolid fuel (wood pellet) properties between trunk and root of pine (Pinus densiflora) biomass were investigated. Trunk has more organic solvent extracts and Klason lignin content which has higher heating values than root biomass component. In root biomass, polysaccharides content was higher than trunk biomass. Based on Higher Heating Value (HHD) analysis and ash content, trunk biomass showed better solid fuel characteristics than root biomass. But pine root biomass had lower HHD than trunk biomass, its HHD values were higher than other hardwood or annual plant lignocellulosic biomass.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.96-104
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• 1997

The objective of this research project was to develop the wooden footpath block to reuse of wood waste. Some physical and mechanical properties of the wooden block such as water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, internal bond, density profile and impact resistance were studied. Water absorption and thickness swelling of the wooden block were greatly reduced when the wooden block was pressed inside the forming device than by conventional hot pressing. Also, Modulus of rupture and internal bond of the wooden block were increased greatly when the pressing was completed inside the forming device. The density profile of the wooden block was improved up to 93.5%, minimum to average density ratio. The wooden block manufactured in this study have excellent physical and mechanical prperties in comparison with existing wood based materials. So, these wooden blocks are applicable to footpth block or other exterior members.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.413-420
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to suggest the road pavement material combining wooden chip crushed from little useful roots and branches from logging sites or wood waste from construction sites with urethane resin. For the specimen, the mass ratio of urethane resin to construction wood waste chip/lumber waster chip was set to three different levels of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0, which was measured, mixed with mixer, and molded; 7 days after, tensile strength test, elasticity test using golf balls and steel balls, permeability coefficient measurement, and flammability test were executed. As the result, the tensile strength of the specimen at the dry state in the air exhibited the range of 0.2-1.1MPa, and there was no change after 7 days of aging. When submerged in water, however, the strength was partially diminished; the diminishing rate was greater for less urethane resin usage, and therefore it appears desirable to set the mass ratio of resin to the wood waste chip over 0.75 to consider the moisture intrusion by precipitation and such. As the result of elasticity test, the GB and SB coefficients of the specimen using wood waste chips and urethane resin were measured to be low at below 20%, exhibiting excellent elasticity as road pavement material. Also, the permeability coefficient was over 0.5mm/sec for specimens of all combinations, exceeding the standard value required after construction for permeable pavement material, and the flammability of wood-type pavement material was evaluated to have no practical issues.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.704-710
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• 2014

Biomass is considered an alternative energy which can solve an greenhouse gas problem like $CO_2$ which is a major contributor to global warming. The biomass can be converted to various energy sources through thermochemical conversion. In this study, a continuous gasifier was engineered for a wood biomass gasification. The biomass was used a waste wood. The experiments of $CO_2$ gasification were achieved as the gasification temperature, moisture content and input $CO_2$ concentration. The results showed that the yield of producer gas increased with an increasing the gasification temperature. The amount of the light tar increased due to the decomposition of gravimetric tar by the thermal cracking, and the char was confirmed pore development through the SEM analysis. The CO concentration was increased with an increased input $CO_2$ concentration from Boudouard reaction. Through the parametric screening studies, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration were 32.91% and 48.33% at the optimal conditions of this test rig.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.307-319
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• 2005

인류에게 있어 가장 중요한 연료의 역할을 충실히 해왔던 임산자원이 화석계 에너지원의 고갈과 환경오염 문제의 급부상으로 임산자원의 신재생에너지원으로서의 잠재력이 다시 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 임산자원의 에너지화와 그 산업적 응용을 위하여 원료의 수급체계를 검토, 확립하는 한편, 폐목질자원을 펠릿화한 목재펠릿 연료의 제조공정을 국내 환경을 고려하여 고효율화하는 동시에 본 연료를 효과적으로 이용할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2000

Objective of research is obtain fundamental data of carbonized wood wastes for soil condition, de-ordorization, absorption of water, carrier for microbial activity, and purifying agent for water quality of river. The carbonization technique and the properties of carbonized wood wastes(wood-based materials) were analyzed. Proximate analysis showed the wood-based materials contains 0.37~2.27% ash, 70~74% volatile matter, and 17~20% fixed carbon. As carbonization temperature was increased, the charcoal yield was decreased. However, no difference in charcoal yield was found due to time increase. The specific gravity after the carbonization decreased about 30~40% comparing to green wood. The charcoal had 1.08~4.18% ash, 5.88~13.79% volatile matter, and 80.15~90.94% fixed carbon. The pH of plywood and particleboard(pH 9 at $400^{\circ}C$, pH 10 at $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$) made charcoals was higher than that of fiberboard. The water-retention capacity was not affected by the carbonization temperature and time. The water-retention capacity within 24h was about 2~2.5 times of sample weight, and the Equilibrium moisture content(EMC) became 2~10% after 24h. EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees were 9.40~11.82%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 90%), 6.87~7.61%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 65%), and 1.69~2.81%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 25%). EMC of charcoal from the wood-based materials under $20^{\circ}C$, relative humidity(RH) 90% was similar to EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees(9~11 %). However, under $20^{\circ}C$, RH 25.65%, EMC of charcoal from the wood-based materials were higher(2~3%) than EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees. Every charcoal from the wood-based materials fulfilled the criteria in JWWA K 113-1947.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.2 s.70
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

Production of activated carbon from woody fish parking cases has been studied using waste sulfuric acid as an activating agent for the purpose or promoted recycling of woody fishing port wastes. The adsorption capacity of produced activated carbon was observed to increase with activation temperature and reached its maximum at ca. $650^{\circ}C$ under the experimental conditions. However, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon became deteriorated above this temperature due to the thermal degeneration of its structure. Optimal activation time was found to be about 120 minutes and 1:3 weight ratio of raw material and activating agent was appropriate for increased adsorption capacity of activated carbon under the conditions of $550^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes of activation time. Regarding the effect of the concentration of activating agent on activation, ca. 1.2 M of sulfuric acid was observed to be proper for an optimal activation or raw material. Comparison of the activation power of sulfuric acid with nitric acid showed that sulfuric acid was superior to nitric acid, however, with regard to the yield of activated carbon there was no significant difference between the two activating agents. The degree of dispersion of carbon particles was shown to be relatively high in neutral condition and the produced activated carbon was considered to be effectively employed for the treatment of metal ions in wastewater due to its negative surface charge in aqueous condition.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.120-127
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• 2006

The hammer-milled characteristics of waste wood materials such as lumber, plywood, particleboard(PB), MDF and railroad tic were investigated in this study. The physical and mechanical properties of recycled boards according to types of recycled particle and the mixing ratios were also studied. The hammer-milled, waste wood materials had the dimensional distributions suitable for the core layer panicle. Bending strengths of recycled boards (one layer) were shown in order of plywood, PB(laboratory-fabricated with particles used in the PB factory), lumber, tego film-overlaid plywood, MDF, waste railroad tie, PB(factory-made) and LPL-overlaid PB. Cured resin and creosote containing waste wood contributed to dimensional stability of reconstituted boards. Considering the mixing effects between lumber and plywood with recycled PB particle, lumber particle was contributive to bending strength, MOE and internal bond(IB) strength, whereas plywood particle was contributive to dimensional stability. The bending and IB strength of 3 layer boards composing only recycled waste wood particles in core layer of board were in order of lumber, plywood, PB and MDF. On the other hand, the thickness swelling was in order of PB, lumber, plywood and MDF. Bending strength of the 3 layer boards mixed with recycled PB-particle in the core layer had a decreasing tendency, as the mixing ratios of recycled PB-particles increased. The dimensional stability of 3 layer recycled board was improved as the mixing ratio of recycled PB-particle increased same as in one layer. Formaldehyde emission of boards fabricated with recycled PB-particles in the core layer of the PB was in the range of E2 grade (below 5.0mg/l).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

The cityward tendency of the population caused the building crowd and the skyscrapers, and destroyed the cityscape and ecosystem of the city. For this reason, many researchers studied to make more green spaces in the city. The roof greening is one of the methods to get the green spaces in the city. There are some problems in this method such as the safety load, growth of the plants on the artificial foundation, and so on. In this study, we evaluated the waste woodchips and the waste papers as a new materials for the artificial foundation. The new artificial foundation was made of the waste woodchips and the waste papers with the different ratio of mixture (woodchips, paper slurry, and fertilizer). The artificial foundation was applied to the planting of three different plants (creeping bentgrass, barley, and wheat). It was found that the growth of the plants with 1% of fertilizer was higher than other conditions. The best making condition of foundation was 40% pulp and 60% woodchips in the germination of all plants.