• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

Gold mineralization of Samjeong and Yongjang gold mines in Uichang area shows characteristics of Bonanza-type gold deposits. Ores are mainly developed along the contact parts between quartz vein and arkosic sandstone beds(Fe-rich bed) in sedimentary rock. Electrum, silver sulfide and sulfate minerals are mainly in the ores. On the other hand, gold mineralization is less developed in cherty rock and andesitic rock than arkosic sandstone. The study highlights characteristics of gold precipitation in the deposit on the basis of numerical modelling of the reactions between the assumed hydrothermal ore fluids with multicomponent heterogeneous equilibrium calculations. Aqueous species, gases and minerals, containing electrum are included in the calculations. The reaction result between hydrothermal ore fluids and arkosic sandstone show that pH increasing in the ore-forming fluid would trigger precipitation of quartz, chlorite, sericite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, electrum, actinolite and feldspar. The numerical modelling also illustrates the drastic increase of pH and desulfidation lead to precipitation of electrum. Ag/Au ratios in the ore vary with pH conditions and subsequently precipitation of silver-bearing sulfides such as acanthite and polybasite. The modelling of the reaction between andesitic rock and ore-forming fluid shows that mineral assemblages of the case are analogous to ones of the reaction between arkosic sandstone and fluid except the latter has little portion of electrum. The abovementioned modelling results suggest that gold-silver mineralization is bounded by host rocks at the study area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.543-550
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• 2016

Amine-type PP-g-VBC-EDA adsorbent, which possesses anionic exchangeable function, was prepared through photoinduced graft polymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto polypropylene non-woven fabric and subsequent amination reaction using ethylenediamine (EDA). Adsorption characteristics of anionic nutrients on the PP-g-VBC-EDA adsorbent have been studied by batch adsorption experiments. The equilibrium data well fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum monolayer sorption capacity was found to be 59.9 mg/g for $NO_3-N$ and 111.4 mg/g for $PO_4-P$. The adsorption energies were higher than 8 kJ/mol indicating anion-exchange process as the primary adsorption mechanism. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described well the kinetic data and resulted in the activation energy of 9.8-36.7 kJ/mol suggesting that the overall rates of $NO_3-N$ and $PO_4-P$ adsorption are controlled by the chemical process. Thermodynamic parameters such as ${\Delta}G^o$, ${\Delta}H^o$ and ${\Delta}S^o$ indicated that the adsorption nature of PP-g-VBC-EDA for anionic nutrients is spontaneous and exothermic. The PP-g-VBC-EDA could be regenerated by washing with 0.1 N HCl.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.233-236
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• 1994

To evaluate the emulsion stability indices of W/O emulsion system, we developed the simple and sensitive "VOLUMETRIC METHOD". This technique involved the first step of homogenizing the milk fat-water system with Ultra-turrax T25, then the volume of the added water phase was measured immediately. After quiescent incubation in test tubes at room temperature for a desired storage time, the bottom volume of the separated water layer was measured. And then "emulsion stability index(ESI)" was calculated by the following equation : $ESI=(1-V_s/V_a){\times}100$, where $V_a$ means the volume of the added water in the W/O emulsion and $V_s$ represents the volume of the separated water in the W/O emulsion for a desired storage time. The emulsion stability indices of W/O emulsion system at sorbitan trioleate, span 60, and tween 20 were $95.4{\pm}1.8$, $56.1{\pm}2.8$, and $41.6{\pm}2.2$ respectively. Furthermore, the differences between "VOLUMETRIC METHOD" and "Titus et al method" were less than 5.0 of ESI Value.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 2015

After a reheating furnace installation, the modification of the size and the heat capacity is very difficult. Therefore, the development of design package tool is required for the computation on the correct specifications before the design and the installation. Prior to development of the design tool, a module that calculates the amount of heat loss of each part according to the specifications for determining the thermal efficiency of a continuous heating furnace was developed and applied to the oxy-fuel industrial furnace. Through this, the effects of fuel type, oxygen fraction and recirculation on the efficiency of the furnace of which the output is 110Ton/hour were analyzed. In oxy-fuel combustion condition, the efficiency was 15% higher than air combustion conditions. With the using COG(Coke Oven Gas) instead of LNG, the efficiency was slightly increased. In the air combustion condition, the efficiency was increased about 33% with the preheated air. But, in oxy-fuel condition, the amount of exhaust gas was reduced, so the efficiency was increased about 7%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2020

In the hydrogen compression cycle, which is currently being developed, hydrogen is compressed to a very high pressure using a compressor, and then stored and used in a high-pressure vessel. This shows that an increase in the temperature of hydrogen in the vessel due to a pressure rise during the filling process and the pressure fatigue due to the repeated cycle may cause problems in the reliability of the vessel. In this paper, for the entire processes in a 50 MPa hydrogen compression system, theoretical and numerical methods were conducted to analyze the following: the temperature increase of hydrogen in the vessel and the time required to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, the change in temperature of hydrogen passing through the pressure reducing valve, and the required capacity of the heat exchanger for cooling the vessel. The results will be useful for the design and construction of hydrogen compression systems, such as hydrogen charging stations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1990

The solid and protein yields and extraction properties of color pigments were compared for 7 varieties of soybeans during soaking in water at $4-100^{\circ}C$. The varieties investigated were Paldal, Danyeob, Jangbaek, Baegun, Jangyeob and 2 cultivars of Local 1 and Local 2. The Hunter values showed that Jangbaek was the highest in 'L' value while other varieties except Local 1 and Local 2 were comparatively high in 'L' value. Local 1 and Local 2 were low in 'b' value. The yields of solid and protein during water extraction showed that most of solids and proteins were recovered with three consecutive extractions. The cumulated yields were 73.2 % for solid and 83.2 % for protein. Extraction of color pigments of seed coats in $4-100^{\circ}C$ water showed that the extraction rate was very much dependent on extraction time and temperature. A linear relationship of A=aT+b was obtained for equilibrated absorbance(A) and extraction temperature(T). The activation energy calculated from initial extraction rate of cole. pigments and temperature had two different values of low($4-60^{\circ}C$) and high($60-100^{\circ}C$) temperature range.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2011

보는 하천에서 취수나 하상유지를 위한 하천횡단구조물로 일반적으로 본체, 물받이, 바닥보호공 등으로 구성되며 제방 연결부 호안 및 밑다짐 등에 대한 설계기준이 하천설계기준에 제시되어 있다. 그러나 태풍 루사나 매미에 의한 피해사례를 보면 하천 횡단 구조물 본체가 파괴되는 피해 뿐만 아니라, 구조물과 제방과의 연결부가 세굴이 발생되어 붕괴되는 사례가 많이 발생하고 있다. 하천설계기준 해설(2009)에는 이러한 보와 제방의 연결부 부분을 연결호안이라하여 관련 기준을 제시하고 있으나, 설치구간의 길이를 정할 때 하천의 규모나 하도의 특성을 고려하지 못하고 일률적으로 결정하도록 하고 있다. 이에 건설기술연구원의 '보 및 낙차공 설계기술 개발 연구보고서'(윤광석 등, 2006)에서는 고정상 실험을 통해 연결호안 설치구간에 대한 실험식을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 수치모의를 통하여 건설기술연구원에서 수행하였던 실험을 재현하고, 제방을 이동상으로 하여 인자들 간의 상호 관계를 밝히며, 그 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 그리고 윤광석 등(2006)에 의해 제시된 실험식에 적용하여 검증하였다. 수치모의는 유량을 $0.7{\sim}2.8m^3/sec$까지 변화하며 수행하였으며, 유사의 대표입경은 0.63mm로, 상류수심은 1.0m로 일정하게 유지하였다. 수치모의는 평형세굴 발생 후, 최소 모의시간의 10%정도 지난 시간까지 하였다. 수치모의 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 유량이 증가함에 따라 유속 및 Froude 수가 증가하여 상 하류부 세굴 발생 범위와 폭은 증가하였다. (2) 상류는 하류에 비해 유량에 따른 세굴발생 범위가 상대적으로 작게 나타났으며, 이는 하류단에 비해 상류단의 유속 및 Froude 수의 차이가 작았기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. (3) 세굴의 폭을 측정함으로써 세굴에 가장 취약한 부분을 짐작할 수 있으며, 설계에 반영되어 호안이나 옹벽의 두께결정에 적용한다면 세굴에 대해 좀 더 안전한 설계가 될 수 있을 것이다. (4) 건설기술연구원(2006)에서 제시한 식(1)과의 비교를 통해 수치모의 결과가 식(1)로부터 계산된 값보다 작음을 알 수 있으며, 그 이유는 식(1)의 범위는 와류영역구간을 나타내서 연결호안 설치구간 길이를 제시하고 있는 반면, 본 연구의 수치모의 결과는 세굴이 발생한 범위를 제시하였기 때문이다. 향후 보 높이와 좀 더 다양한 유량에 대한 경우를 수치모의하고, 이동상 제방에 대한 실험을 통해 명확한 식을 제안 할 것이다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2020

The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Acid Red 66, adsorbed by granular activated carbon, were investigated on areas of initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption equilibrium data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin isotherms. The agreement was found to be the highest in the Freundlich model. From the determined Freundlich separation factor (1/n = 0.125 ~ 0.232), the adsorption of Acid Red 66 by granular activated carbon could be employed as an effective treatment method. Temkin's constant related to adsorption heat (B_T = 2.147 ~ 2.562 J mol^-1) showed that this process was physical adsorption. From kinetic experiments, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order model with good agreement. The results of the intraparticle diffusion equation showed that the inclination of the second straight line representing the intraparticle diffusion was smaller than that of the first straight line representing the boundary layer diffusion. Therefore, it was confirmed that intraparticle diffusion was the rate-controlling step. From thermodynamic experiments, the activation energy was determined as 35.23 kJ mol^-1, indicating that the adsorption of Acid Red 66 was physical adsorption. The negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG = -0.548 ~ -7.802 kJ mol^-1) and the positive enthalpy change (ΔH = +109.112 kJ mol^-1) indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process, respectively. The isosteric heat of adsorption increased with the increase of surface loading, indicating lateral interactions between the adsorbed dye molecules.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.501-511
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• 2015

This study suggests a method of alleviating global warming by the increase of the Earth surface albedo through Artificial Sea ice Increasing (ASI) over the Available Freezing Areas (AFA). The method is developed based on the fact that the large sea surface area in or near the Arctic and the Antarctic has no ice even though both water and air temperatures are below zero and the artificial sea ice generation is thus available. The mean energy of $0.85Wm^{-2}$, which was suspected of adding to the earth by the global warming effect was calculated to offset at once when the sea ice area about $4.09{\times}10^6km^2$ was additionally increased. In addition, three techniques for producing ice plates on the sea surface (using ships, installation apparatus, and floating matter such as Green Cell Foam) for ASI were proposed. According to the result of simple analysis using the energy balance model, when ASI was maximally operated only for 3 months (September, October, and November) over AFA, it is expected that the annual mean temperature of earth surface would be decreased about $0.11^{\circ}C$ in the following year. On the other hand, in case of generating the artificial sea ice in all four seasons, a risk of triggering snowball earth was detected.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.1 s.26
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

In this study, the FE analysis has been presented for the leakage safety of $9\%$ nickel type LNG storage tank based on the thermal resistance effects between insulation panels, comer protection and prestressed concrete(PC) structures. The FEM calculated results show that the leakage safety of fiber glass blanket, perlite powder and cellular glass insulators does not guarantee any more due to a strength failure of the insulation structure. But the corner protection and PC structure of outer tank may delay or sustain the leaked LNG of 10 days even though the inner tank and insulation structure are simultaneously failed. This means that $9\%$ nickel steel type LNG storage tank may be safe because of a high strength of the corner protection and outer tank structures.