• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.229-232
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• 2013

영상실감증대를 위한 시각, 청각정보의 제시방식에 대해서는 많은 진보가 이루어 졌다. 반면 후각은 정의하기 어렵고 다루기 까다롭기 때문에 관련연구를 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 후각정보를 통한 영상실감증대 연구의 첫걸음으로 후각정보에 대한 사용자 수용도를 조사한 후 이에 근거하여 다양한 영상을 분류하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 영상에 냄새가 존재하는지 (냄새존재여부), 영상과 함께 해당 냄새를 경험하고 싶은지 (냄새제시선호), 영상에 어울리는 냄새가 내가 좋아하는 냄새인지 (냄새자체선호), 그리고 영상에 어울리는 냄새가 얼마나 구체적인지 (냄새의 구체성)라는 네 가지 질문을 선정하였다. 각 질문들에 높은 혹은 낮은 점수를 받을 만한 다양한 장르의 영상 (51)개를 수집한 후, 참가자들에게 하나씩 영상을 시청하게 한 후 위의 네 가지 질문에 대해 7점 척도로 평정하게 하였다. 영상분류를 위해 두 질문씩 쌍으로 묶어 각 질문의 척도를 2차원 평면의 X, Y축으로 설정한 후 평정값을 이용하여 영상분류를 위한 산포도를 구성하였다. 2차원 평면의 서로 다른 사분면에 위치한 영상군집들은 영상실감증대를 위한 후각정보 제시에 중요한 시사점을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.69-89
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to develop a Children's Playfulness Rating Scale(CPRS) and to analyze it in terms of item discrimination, validity, and reliability. The participants in this study consisted of 861 parents whose children were aged from three to six years old. The item discrimination, determined by comparing the highest and lowest group using ${\chi}^2$, Cramer's V, was found to be satisfactory. The reliability of factors, as measured by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, ranged from .85 to .95. The results of factor analysis identified 4 factors and 35 items were then selected from the 45 items in the original scale. The four factors identified were as follows; (1) leading participation (2) cognitive flexibility (3) expression of joy (4) voluntary full immersion. Concurrent validity was also established by using correlations between the CPRS and CPS(Children's Playfulness Scale). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the Children's Playfulness Rating Scale is both reliable and valid.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.117-128
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD based on estimation of ADHD rating scale between mother-teacher and teacher-teacher. In total, 491 mothers and 23 teachers rated 689 5-year-old children on the K-ADHDDS. Descriptive statistics, in addition to independent and paired samples t-test were performed. Overall, the percentages of children with ADHD on the rating scale were 3% in combined type, 7.1-8.6% in predominately hyperactive-impulsive type, and 4.2% in predominately inattentive type. Boys tended to show greater tendency of ADHD than girls’: Overall, ADHD tendency in boys was 1.3 times greater than girls. Specially, 2.3 times more for hyperactivity, 1.4 times more for impulsivity, and 3.4 more for inattention. The correlation between mothers’ and teachers’ ratings were .35 for total, .40 for hyperactivity, .24 for impulsivity, and .28 for inattention, and there were no significant differences. Alternatively teacher and teacher ratings were .71 for total, .70 for hyperactivity, .70 for impulsivity, and .67 for inattention, and there were significant differences in inattention subscale(p < .01).

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a web page retrieval system based on the sensibility evaluation induced by the color combination of web pages. The realized system consist of two modules - the indexing module that automatically extracts and indexes the color information from the web page and the retrieval module that retrieves web pages based on the color combination when sensibility adjective is presented. Also, to verify the system usefulness, we analyzed the ranking of web pages retrieved by the system and by human subjects (non-expels and experts for color web page design) using two statistical methods of correlation and paired-t test. Results by non-experts showed the realized system was suitable for 10 sensibility adjectives among 18 sensibility adjectives, and results by experts showed that the realized system was suitable for 14 sensibility adjectives among 18 sensibility adjectives.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-104
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a basic life habit scale for infant early childhood. The participants of this study were composed of 1,000 parents of children aged from two to five years old in the Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and In-cheon areas. For the purposes of data analysis, the study made use of the following methods : descriptive statistics for SES variables, item-analysis, factor analysis for validity, and Cronbach's a for reliability. Most items were acceptable in terms of item response rates, and item discrimination. The results of factor analysis uncovered six factors, and 46 items were selected from a total of 69 items in the original scale. The six factors were (1) safety and rules (2) neatness (3) manners (4) self-help (5) eating habits (6) cleanliness. Cronbach's a value for the reliability of the factors ranged from .76 to .94.of Cooperative Learning. Methods. Westport, CT : Greenwood Press.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.117-132
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• 2007

In a $2\times2$ table showing binary agreement between two raters, it is known that Cohen's $\kappa$, a chance-corrected measure of agreement, has two paradoxes. $\kappa$ is substantially sensitive to raters' classification probabilities(marginal probabilities) and does not satisfy conditions as a chance-corrected measure of agreement. However, $\kappa$ and other established measures have a reasonable and similar value when each marginal distribution is close to 0.5. The objectives of this paper are to present a new measure of agreement, H, which resolves paradoxes of $\kappa$ by adjusting unbalanced marginal distributions and to compare the proposed measure with established measures through some examples.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-45
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• 1992

This study presents the behavioral and cognitive changes by administration of methylphenidate(MPH) and imipramine(IMI) for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in $5_{1/2}{\sim}12$ years old children referred to child psychiatric clinics. Behavioral changes are assessed with parent's and teacher's ratings. Drug effects on attention. short-term memory, and impulsivity are evaluated with psychological tests in laboratory. The changes were assessed twice in a 8-week periods. The data were analyzed seperately for 15 subjects each drug using repeated measured analysis of variance(ANOVA). The findings indicates that behavioral and cognitive impairments are improved by both drugs, but impulsivity is not. And MPH is superior to IMI on the improvement of attentional problem ; especially the findings indicates important differences between simple task and complex. perceptual-search task. These data confirm the effectiveness of MPH for treatment of ADHD, also raise questions regarding assessment method of attention and impulsivity as fell as importance of impulsivity in ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2015

This study is intended to obtain a guideline for creating a therapeutic garden soundscape in a psychiatric hospital by analyzing the psychological and physiological effects of auditory components on mental patients. The subjects were 27 inpatients at a psychiatric institute located in Jeollabuk-do. They were recommended by their doctors and had been diagnosed with mild cases of schizophrenia. The survey was carried out in October 2011. With regard to the study, the subjects listened to single sounds(the sound of flowing water, birdsong, wind chimes and music) and 4 sounds composed of some of these, and then Electroencephalography(EEG) and psychological effects were measured. The moving water sound was perceived as pleasing and revitalizing and the birdsong as sonorous and delightful. When designing a healing garden in a psychiatric hospital, the vitality of sound should be considered. In comparison to other single sounds, water sounds were highly preferred and had greater effects on psychological vitality. Music sounds had a significant effect on enhancing tranquility while water sounds affected on both psychological vitality and tranquillity. When comparing single sounds with combined sounds, single sounds such as running water for vitality and music for tranquility had a greater psychological effect than combined sounds. In terms of combined sound preferences, the combination of water and bird sounds had higher preference rates. Generally, combined sounds including water tended to have higher preference rates. The physiological effects of single sounds showed that music had a greater therapeutic effect than natural sounds such as water sounds and birdsong in promoting tranquility. As for combined sounds adopted to enhance physiological tranquility, it is most appropriate to combine music and birdsong or music and water sounds. However, a single music sound is more effective than combined sounds. Overall, analyses of both psychological and physiological reactions showed music and water sounds to be most calming while water sounds promoted the greatest vitality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.64-79
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• 2010

Students with intellectual disabilities typically have great difficulties communicating their needs and wants and may get frustrated, anxious or show signs of aggressive behaviour. They are often unable to understand the concept of relationships with other people as well. This lack of social communication and interaction leads to poor motivation which increases other areas of difficulty in their lives. Therefore, to teach students with intellectual disabilities, it is essential to find special teaching methods to support their positive behavior. This paper proposes that special educational curriculum for students with intellectual impairments utilize natural environments(forests) and materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Educational Programs Utilizing Forests on maladjusted behavior of students with mental retardation and to examine the positive effects of such planning practices. The subjects were middle school students who attended a special school for mentally-retarded students. They were divided into two separate groups- an experimental group and a control group. All subjects received the pre and post test using the same method. This program was applied to the formal educational process of middle school from March 1st to October 30th, 2009. In this experiment the results indicate that the effect of using a natural environment(forest) and the materials within a formal educational curriculum was positive as a type of horticultural therapy and that it supports positive behavior strategies in students with intellectual impairments. The usage of various natural materials including plants and flowers within the natural environments provide students with increased opportunities to participate. Teaching methods including natural materials help teachers engage with their students more easily during routine activities as their interest is already stimulated. This project will help students with intellectual impairments to build skills which enable effective participation and increase independence throughout their lives. This should be embedded into both routine and planned activities of the classroom Also, it offers a needed interior plan for the treatment space through an analysis of psychological factors of how the environment affects students.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2013

There has been much advancement in reality enhancement using audio-visual information. On the other hand, there is little research on provision of olfactory information because smell is difficult to implement and control. In order to obtain necessary basic data when intend to provide smell for video reality, in this research, we investigated user perception of smell in diverse videos and then classified the videos based on the collected user perception data. To do so, we chose five main questions which were 'whether smell is present in the video'(smell presence), 'whether one desire to experience the smell with the video'(preference for smell presence with the video), 'whether one likes the smell itself'(preference for the smell itself), 'desired smell intensity if it is presented with the video'(smell intensity), and 'the degree of smell concreteness'(smell concreteness). After sampling video clips of various genre which are likely to receive either high and low ratings in the questions, we had participants watch each video after which they provided ratings on 7-point scale for the above five questions. Using the rating data for each video clips, we constructed scatter plots by pairing the five questions and representing the rating scale of each paired questions as X-Y axes in 2 dimensional spaces. The video clusters and distributional shape in the scatter plots would provide important insight into characteristics of each video clusters and about how to present olfactory information for video reality.