• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1427-1435
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• 2023

Vegetation indices based on selected wavelength reflectance measurements are used to represent crop growth and physiological conditions. However, the anisotropic properties of the crop canopy surface can govern spectral reflectance and vegetation indices. In this study, we applied an ensemble of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models to high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and compared the differences between correction results before and after reflectance. In the red and near-infrared (NIR) band reflectance images, BRDF-corrected outlier values appeared in certain urban and paddy fields of farmland areas and forest shadow areas. These effects were equally observed when calculating the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and 2-band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2). Furthermore, the outlier values in corrected NIR band were shown in pixels shadowed by mountain terrain. These results are expected to contribute to the development and improvement of BRDF models in high-resolution satellite images.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rape stalk (RAS) as a raw material for the production of solid bio-fuels. RAS was immersed in an aqueous solution with acetic acid concentration of 1 percent, The content of reducing sugars separated from the RAS was analyzed. Glucose showed the highest content followed by xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose. The immersed and non-immersed RAS were used for producing pellets with a pilot-scaled flat-die pellet mill. Bulk density and calorific values of the pellets improved with the use of the immersed RAS and the addition of wood particles. The values exceeded the minimum requirements for the A-grade of non-woody pellets (≧600 kg/m³ & ≧ 14.5 MJ/kg) designated by the ISO. Ash content of the pellets reduced with the immersion of RAS and the value satisfied the A-grade level (≦6.0%) of the ISO standard. The durability of the immersed RAS-based pellets was much higher than that of non-immersed IRS-based pellets, and the values were increased with the addition of wood particles. However, the durability did not meet the acceptance level for the B-grade of non-woody pellets (≧96.0%) designated by the ISO. These results suggested that the addition of binders in the production of non-woody pellets using an RAS immersed in acetic acid-based aqueous solution is required for the commercialization of the pellets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.434-437
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• 2008

In this study, we developed a fuel moisture variation prediction model on each day after precipitation during a spring forest fire exhibition period. For this research, we selected plots in pine forest on Sam-Chuck si and Dong-hae si in Kangwon do according to a forest density(low, mediate, high) and classified a surface woody fuel by a diameter.(below 0.6cm, $0.6{\sim}3cm$, $3{\sim}6cm$, and above 6cm). A validity of this model was verified by applying a fuel moisture variation after precipitation in this spring. In the result, $R^2$ was $0.76{\sim}0.92$. This model will be a useful for improvement of a forest fire danger rate forcast through a prediction a fule moisture in forest.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.488-493
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• 1998

Commercially pure titanium(cp-Ti) and Ti-15wt%Zr-4wt%Nb-4wt%Ta alloy were melted in vacuum induction furnace. According to the chemical analysis, the content of carbon was above ASTM standard in the cast ingots because of using graphite crucible. The TEM micostructures of cp-Ti and Ti alloy shows that chemically stable TiC precipitates distribute in ${\alpha}-Ti$ matrix. In order to examine the properties of cp-Ti and Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta alloy for dental applications, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were investigated. The anodic polarization properties of Ti-Zr-Nb-Zr alloy were almost same as that of cp-Ti in 1% lactic acid. However, as the results of the anodic polarization test in 5% HCl, it was known that Ti-Zr-Nb-Zr alloy showed a rapid decrease in current density at higher potential in comparison with cp-Ti. The yield stress and tensile strengh in Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta were ${\sigma}_{0.2}=623\;MPa$, ${\sigma}_{T.S.}=708\;MPa$ and these results showed 30% increase in yield stress in comparison with cp-Ti.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2007

Pyungwi-san(PWS) have been using as a basic prescription of digestive disorder in Korean traditional medicine. This study was performed to examine the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract using different antioxidant tests including by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, metal chelating hydrogen peroxide scavenging, lipid peroxydation protective effect and scavenging effect of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Herbal-acupuncture solution of PWS(PWS-HS) exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of DPPH radical adduct formation and it showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity onto superoxide anions. In addition, the result of metal chelating hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ammonium thiocyanate experiments showed that PWS-HS was an active scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, it was also found to be effective in scavenging nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, well-known cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.734-739
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• 2004

In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether two oriental medical prescriptions named socheongryong-tang(SCRT) and Kamichihyo-san(KCHS) significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells. Confluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with ³H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of SCRT or KCHS to assess the effect of each agent on ³H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Also, the effects of SCRT and KCHS on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) SCRT significantly inhibited mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, without cytotoxicity; (2) KCHS significantly increased mucin release without cytotoxicity; (3) SCRT and KCHS did not affect contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle. We suggest that the effects of SCRT and its components should be further investigated and it is of great value to find, from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which have the possible inhibitory effects on mucin release from the viewpoint of management of hypersecretion of airway mucus.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.157-169
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• 2012

China's Space Activities in 2011 (thereafter 2011 White Paper) was published by Information Office of State Council of the Peoples Republic of China on December 29, 2011, and it was the third space white paper after 2000's space white paper and 2006's space white paper. The 2011 White Paper summarizes splendid achievements China had received in space area since 2006, and systematically introduces the principles of China's space activities; at the same time, it also presents the world the policies, measures and key areas of China's space activities in the following five years. This 2011 White Paper is the most detailed, concrete, and integrated elaboration of China's space policy, and it will be the guideline for China to explore outer space with peaceful purpose in the next five years. Compared with 2000's and 2006's White Papers, the 2011 White Paper indicated that Chinese government adjusted space policies under the new circumstance. The 2011 white paper stressed China's position on use of outer space for peaceful purpose and highlighted the new idea of scientific and innovative development in space industry in the next five years.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.406-412
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• 2014

In this study, flat-tubular-type alumina filters were manufactured using alumina powder of two sizes ($2.4{\mu}m$ ALM-44 and $0.4{\mu}m$ AP 400) by an extrusion process. The manufactured alumina filter was sintered at $1200-1600^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. As particle size increased, the largest pore size, average pore size and porosity increased; but density and linear shrinkage decreased. The alumina filter fabricated using ALM-44 powder sintered at $1500^{\circ}C$ was confirmed as the best water treatment filter after investigation of the bending strength, water permeability and impurity-removal efficiency of the experimental filters. This flat-tubular-type alumina filter is expected to be useful not only for direct water treatment, but also for use as a support filter during coating processes, to control pore size.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.71-91
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• 1995

In order to develop an appropriate set of criteria applicable for environmental impact assessment (EIA) of natural forest 8 items are proposed. The criteria are vegetation distribution area (DA), distribution pattern (DP), size (S), diameter of breast height of tree (DBH), humus (H), sustainment (ST), successional stage (SS) and impact of adjacent ecosystem (IAE), Each criterion has an interval which minimum 1 score to maximum 5 score Forest Evaluation Index (FEI) was obtained as the sum of 8 criteria value. Above 70% is considered to be absolutely conservative and from 50% to 70% range of total score is to be considered conservative. In the case of the Sancho˘ng Pumping-up Power Plant of Mt. Chiri, 8 criteria were applied base on actual vegetation map. Pinus densiflora community got 73%(29 scores) and Quercus variabilis - Q. serrata community got 60%(24 scores). This may be said that this local vegetation has high ecological potentiality. These criteria cannot always be absolutely evaluation tool. So it is expected to take the more time to be developed further, and holistically added by the other field such as fauna, geological feature etc.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2008

The study is intended to develop the measures to introduce the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) project manager (Environmental Assessor), who will be responsible for leading the EIA task. This role requires a quality standard of expertise in the area of natural science, social science, knowledge and technology on environment design mechanism, and the integrated approaches that combine the relevant policies and systems. To facilitate the system, the certificate will be given to the person who is well acquainted with the knowledge on EIA with relevant experiences, thereby authorizing them to coordinate the assessment task for reliable outcome. Hence, the need for introducing the system is very crucial. The EIA project manager, as a guide for an EIA project team, shall be the person who has a comprehensive understanding of the project, the knowledge about the principal for implementation of EIA and the expertise in structuring the management system, with a skill to maintain the good relationship with the people engaged in the project. To that end, it is highly recommended to set up such a certificate system to be incorporated in the college curriculum.