• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.79-106
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• 1992

This study analyzes the determinants of wage premium, defined as the excess of actual wage rate over opportunity wage, for the average worker in a Korean bargaining unit. Average wage premium of a firm is decomposed into quasi-rent per worker and rent-sharing rule. Per capita quasi-rent, representing a firm's ability to pay, is defined as the difference between sales revenue and the opportunity cost of mobile factors, divided by the number of employees. Rent-sharing rule, a measure of workers' bargaining power, is defined as the average wage premium divided by the per capita quasi-rent. Empirical results show that the differences in wage premium among Korean bargaining units are much better explained by the differences in quasi-rent than by the differences in bargaining power. Also, comparing the results of 1986 with those of 1988 show that the wage settlement mechanism in 1988 was not quite different from that of 1986, in spite of the drastic change in industrial relation system in 1987. It may simply yield higher opportunity wages, by raising the bargaining power of overall workers. The tendency of Korean labor market in 1988 to show a dual structure of high & low wage premium sectors, is not due to the fact that the differences in bargaing powers across firms tend to expand, but to the fact that unions tend to reduce the wage differences among the workers within an enterprise by pursuing more equal distribution of total wage premium. Hence, the policies for reducing the wage differentials across firms should focus on rent-regulating industrial policies, e.g. eliminating monopoly rents by deregulation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.253-282
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• 2004

The study is to examine the actual conditions and problems of educational welfare which is a part of social welfare and to offer its future directions and things to do. First of all, education has been considered to be part of social welfare in developed countries for a long time and it has been used the same as school educational welfare. These days Korea is confronted with increasing needs of educational welfare caused by emphasis of manpower, appearance of new poor class after IMF, handing down poverty to their children, absence of public education and educational fever, stress of life long learning and extending needs of students' social welfare service. In advanced countries compared to Korea, people perceive education as an equal opportunity. To reach this thesis, various efforts have been making in terms of manpower development such as reform of related laws, financial and official support, offering of parental skills and protecting children for the disadvantaged, dispatching school social workers and overall life improvement. The subjects and age of educational welfare are also diverse ranging from poor families and pre school children to general public and adults. On the other hand, Korea lacks related laws and financial support that are supposed to enforce educational welfare systematically. Also integrated and professional services are not often available due to the lack of cooperation between related agencies. Therefore, government's role and responsibility should be defined clearly in the future directions of educational welfare in Korea. For this, it is needed to establish related laws and build a concrete financial and executive interrelationship. Also every person should be a target of educational welfare putting priorities on the disadvantaged. A lot of efforts should be made to achieve things mentioned above. Multi-dimensional approach intertwined with education, welfare and labour, establishment of cooperation system between related agencies, reinforcement of life long learning, extension of free education including infants and toddlers, and offering financial support to the poor are a few among these efforts. Finally, institutionalization of school social welfare and improvement school facilities are strongly recommended to get to the right track of educational welfare.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2006

본 논문은 현재 패턴구성 과정에 있는 1년 차 영국과 한국 학생들의 교육체제를 연구 비교 하므로써 그 차이점을 알아보고 궁극적으로 나아가야 할 방향에 대해서 연구되었다. 우선 두 나라의 교육체계에 관해 간단한 배경 설명 후에 학제의 시작이 두 나라 사이에 큰 차이점이 있음을 강조하였다. 본 논문은 일차자료와 이차자료를 모두 이용하였으며 설문지 내용은 지면 할애상 생략하였다. 본문에서는 첫 번째로 강의 방법에 대해 알아보았으며 두 나라간의 교수 형식으로는 큰 차이를 볼 수 가 없었다. 그 다음으로는 교수의 자격 요건 이었으며 연령대가 다른 차이점 이외에는 큰 차이점을 볼 수 없었다. 또한 교수법에 있어 가장 중요한 열정과 동기부여 등을 강조하였다. 이론적인 수업은 한국의 대학에서 강조된 반면 영국에서는 실질적인 부분을 강조함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 한국의 경우 대부분의 학생들이 수업의 진행을 위해 교과서를 구입해야 하는 반면 영국 학생들의 경우 자세한 설명이 첨부된 복사물을 받아 수업을 받고 있었다. 그 이유는 학생들의 수업능력 차이에 있으며 또 한가지는 경제적 문제라고 할 수 있다. 한국의 학생 정원은 40명이었으며 대부분의 학생들이 거의 포기하지 않고 졸업을 하는 반면, 본인이 조사한 대학의 경우, 25명의 정원으로 시작하였으나 여러 가지 개인 사정으로 조사 당시 15명의 인원수만 남아 있었다. 적은 수의 학생수는 곧 수업의 질과 연관됨을 알 수 있었다. 두 나라의 학생수업 능력과 학생 수가 많이 달라 영국 학생들의 경우 선생에게 의지하려는 경향을 많이 보인 반면 한국학생들은 독립적인 특징들을 보였다. 두 나라 학생들 모두 과제물을 많이 받고 있었으며 2학년 말에는 의상발표회를 하는 공통점을 보였다. 평가 방법상에서는 큰 차이가 보였다. 영국의 경우 평가에 관한 사항을 아주 세분화하여 공식적으로 책자를 만들어 그 규칙을 철저히 지키도록 한 반면, 한국의 경우에는 정해진 세부사항 없이 크게 ABCD체제의 방식과 출석상황, 중간고사, 기말고사, 과제물 완성도 등을 퍼센티지로 나누어 평가하고 있었다. 학생들에게 주어지는 균등한 기회나 평등의 문제도 학생들의 자격, 신분 등이 거의 다르지 않은 한국에서는 그리 중요한 사항은 아니었으나 다민족 국민으로 이루어진 영국의 학생들에게는 아주 민감한 사항임을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.75-91
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• 2018

As more and more males are participating in the female dominated nursing profession in Korea, they are facing a number of discriminations such as department assignment on the job because of male gender stereotype. The purpose of this study is to examine hospital workers's gender role identity, gender stereotype, and the relationship between those attitudes and gender prejudice against male nurses. The results showed that the androgynous group had lower gender stereotypes and lower prejudice against male nurses than those of the other groups. Hospital workers had a strong tendency to believe that male nurses should work mainly in special departments such as emergency rooms, intensive care units, operating rooms and they think that the male nurses are not fit for caring patients because of the patients' unfamiliarity with male nurses. Gender stereotypes were positively correlated to prejudice against male nurses. Therefore, hospitals should consider developing a detailed plan to encourage a culture of gender equality by tackling the existing prejudice against male nurses so that male nurses can get the same opportunities as female counterparts in terms of department assignment and job promotion.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2021

This study improves the design of electric pot and cup that can safely pour and drink hot beverages among daily necessities for the blind and the elderly. It looks at the electric pot and cup that people with visual impairments usually use through their use perspective and studies and improves the safety problems that arise when using them based on the principle of universal design. Through this prior study, we study designs that can be used and shared by all disabled and socially disadvantaged people together and improve the design of household goods to expand the scope of use of general products and create new social values. In addition, through this design improvement process, everyone pursues an equal and virtuous life together, forms a well-off inclusive society, and takes advantage of the current position of the disabled and value of life once again.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2018

In this paper, we present the results of educational innovation case study using U-Learning Box and Ubiquitous-based Test(UBT) system for 6 sample primary schools in Nepal. As Nepal is considered to be a developing country with electricity problem to the school, the U-Learning Box, consisting of a small and easy-to-use tablet PC for teacher and a small smart beam with its own battery was evaluated as the optimum solution to support continuous basic English and hygiene education for these schools. And UBT technology using tablet PC was used to evaluate and analyze basic English learning ability of the students, which helped us realized that it is necessary to improve the educational environment and develop suitable educational contents. We hope that the global educational innovation using U-Learning Box and UBT technology will become a successful model for global equality of educational opportunity project for developing countries including Nepal.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1045-1058
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• 2010

Based on Rawl's Justice Theory, the author examines the rationales for educating older adults and advocates for their needs for just distributions of educational resources and opportunities. The author also seeks policy implications for establishing just educational systems for older citizens. On the basis of Rawl's Justice Theory, the essential principles for realizing social justice are presented. The author points out the Veil of Ignorance and Rational Indifference. As the practical methods for achieving social justice, the author presents Exclusion of Coincidence, Difference Principle, Democratic Equality, and Common Asset. Implications for establishing just education systems for older adults include: 1) The least advantaged groups such as older adults, females, and the disabled should not be discriminated in the distribution of educational resources; 2) People with higher capacities are obliged to serve less capable people; and 3) Older adults should mobilize all resources to empower themselves and to develop their potentials. The author concludes that Rawl's Justice Theory can be tapped into as a useful ideological framework in order to expand educational resources and opportunities for older adults.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.369-392
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• 2023

Equity in mathematics education focuses on the relationship between social inequality caused by factors including culture and race. Equity in mathematics education has recently been recognized as one of the important issues of mathematics education and may provide grounds for setting the new direction of mathematics education for the future society. However, research on mathematics education equity in South Korea is still insufficient. The purpose of the paper is to provide implications for mathematics education research by reviewing the the literature regarding mathematics education equity. Focusing on 195 previous studies, I analyzed the significance of discussions on mathematics education equity in mathematics education, the concept of mathematics education equity, and research questions. In addition, I divided the previous studies into five categories based on their research questions: mathematics teachers, mathematics curriculum, mathematics classrooms, mathematics assessment, and socio-cultural environments surrounding mathematics classrooms. The analysis of the study are expected to provide implications in terms of new research questions and methods to domestic mathematics education researchers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.117-123
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• 2016

As a multicultural society, is it right to adhere to the prevention principle of permanent migration of migrant workers? We need to try to do a little more calm consideration on the prevention principle for permanent migration rather than in terms of human right and emotional aspect. Even though there is a suggestion that we need to decrease the proportion of 3D Jobs by improving industrial demand, migrant workers can be an alternative in that we need a solution unless we can be freed from 3D Jobs. The prevention principle for permanent migration not only is against the trend of multicultural society but also blocks the opportunity for migrant workers to share their skills and knowledge taught in our country. In addition, with the society aging, that the permanent migration of migrant workers can be proper channels to supply young labor force should be kept in mind. In addition to this practical aspect, considering that all human beings are equal and with dignity and unequal conditions that migrant workers undergo require empathetic viewpoint, the prevention principle should be amended.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.104-142
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• 1989

IndustrialiBation and urbanisation have been known to increase divorce rates through the enhancement of emotional function of flmily, the weakness of extendedfamilial network, the separation of public and private spheres, increase of educationallevel for women, increase of labor participation rate for women, and the pursuit ofegalitarian relationship for the couple. Divorce rates by sex, age, province andeducation in Korea for the period 1970 ~ 1995 were examined using the data ofmarriage and divorce registration and population census. Crude divorce rates, sex-age-specific divorce rates and sex-age-adjusted divorce rates were calculated for thetotal population and the married population respectively, and the characteristics ofvarious divorce indicators were discussed. During 1970~1995, divorce rates increasedthree times, and divorce rate in 1995 was 3.5 per 1,000 married persons. Divorcerate was highest for those under 25 years old, and it was increasing rapidly fDr allages, with the most rapid increase fDr the middle-aged. The relative divorce increaserate was highest fDr females than males. Divorce rates were highest for Seoul, Pusan,Inchon, Taejon, Kyonggi, and Jeju, and for aged 25 ~ 34 years of Chonbuk andKangwon. Divorce rate was highest fDr the male elementary-school graduates andlowest for the male college graduates, it was highest for the female high-schoolgraduates and lowest for the female uneducated.