• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.340-342
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• 2001

현재 인터넷 환경에서 텍스트는 다루기 쉽고 부하가 적어 가장 많이 사용되는 통신 수단이다. 그러나 화상 채팅과는 달리 자신의 표정이나 체스춰를 전달할 수 있는 방법이 없기 때문에 표현상의 한계가 있다. 이 글은 일상 대화를 텍스트로 입력받아, naive Bayes 알고리즘을 사용해 미리 정의된 감정 범주, 즉 울기, 웃기, 화내기 등으로 분류해 주는 방법에 관해 다루고 있다. 채팅사이트에서 수집된 학습데이터는 사람에 의해 해당 감정 범주로 태깅되고, 이렇게 태깅된 데이터가 학습엔진에 의해 통계 정보로 구축되면, 실제 채팅사이트에서 감정인식 엔진은 입력된 데이터를 분석해 해당 감정으로 분류한다. 연령별로 5개의 그룹으로 나눈 대화방에서 각각 1000문장씩 테스트해본 결과 평균 91.6%의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.330-332
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• 2000

의미 모호성 해소는 문맥상의 한 단어의 올바른 의미를 밝히는 것으로, 대부분의 자연언어처리 응용에서 가장 중요한 문제 중 하나이다. 말뭉치로부터 얻어진 예제로부터 의미 모호성 해소 방법을 학습하기 위해서는 답이 알려져 있는 대량의 학습 예제가 필요하지만, 답이 알려져 있는 예제를 구하는 일은 사람의 간섭을 필요로 하므로 매우 비싼 작업이다. 본 논문에서는 답이 알려져 있는 학습 예제로 어느 정도 학습한 수, 답이 알려져 있지 않은 예제로 학습을 보충하는 방법을 통해 사람의 간섭을 최소화하였다. 결정트리 학습을 통한 한국어 명사에 대한 의미 결정 실험 결과, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 가장 많은 분포를 보이는 의미를 선택하는 경우보다 평균적으로 33.6%의 성능 향상을 보이며, 이는 전체 학습 예제의 답이 모두 알려져 있는 경우와 거의 비슷한 결과이다. 따라서, 한국어와 같이 신뢰할 만한 의미 부착 말뭉치가 없는 경우에 본 논문에서 제시된 방법은 매우 효율적이다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.922-931
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• 2012

This paper studies a series of logical topology reconfiguration processes corresponding to a series of traffic demand changes in a ship backbone network. The proposed reconfiguration technique is to minimize costly changes of traffic forwarding paths and minimize the average hop distance of traffic forwarding paths in terms of ship backbone network performance simultaneously. Performance evaluation is conducted to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed reconfiguration technique. It shows that the proposed reconfiguration technique yields efficient performance in the entire series of reconfiguration processes.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 1996

A fine oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion using nonaqueous emulsification technique was developed and the behaviors of POE(25)octyldodecyl ether in nonaqueous solvent/oil systems were studied by observing the surface tension, interfacial tension, turbidity and transition temperature. It was found that POE(25)octyldodecyl ether existed soluble in nonaqueous solvent while, in aqueous system, it formed micelles. So, when a solvent, like glycerine in which POE(25)octyldodecyl ether has poor solubility, was added, POE(25)octyldodecyl ether moved to the surface. After saturated at surface, POE(25) octyldodecyl ether began to precitate. The mean particle size of the final emulsion was 230nm. Also, the emulsion system was stable at 0, 25, 40, $50^{\circ}C$ and cycling test for a month, while the conventional emulsion system showed unstability. It is concluded that, by pertinent combination of solvents, the adsorption efficiency of surfactant could be improved.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2009

In this study periodic water-back-flushing using permeate water was performed to minimize membrane fouling and to enhance permeate flux in advanced water treatment by tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for Gongji stream in Chuncheon city. The back-flushing period (FT, filtration time) 2 min with periodic water-back-flushing of 15 sec showed the highest value of dimensionless permeate flux (permeate flux vs. initial permeate flux), and the lowest value of resistance of membrane fouling. Also in the results of BT effect at fixed FT 10 min, BT (back-flushing time) 20 sec showed the lowest value of resistance of membrane fouling and the highest value of dimensionless permeate flux, and we could be obtained the highest total permeate volume of 107.3 L. Consequently FT 10 min and BT 20 sec could be the optimal condition in Gongji stream water treatment, which was the exactly same results of our previous tubular alumina microfiltration. Then the average rejection rates of pollutants by our tubular ceramic UF system were 97.0% for turbidity, 32.1 % for chemical oxygen demand by manganese method, 28.8% for ammoniac nitrogen and 54.4% for T-P.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2011

The effects of humic acid (HA), photo-oxidation and adsorption were investigated in hybrid process of ceramic ultrafiltration and photocatalyst for drinking water treatment. UF, photocatalyst, and UV radiation processes were investigated in viewpoints of membrane fouling resistance $(R_f)$, permeate flux (J), and total penneate volume $(V_{\Upsilon})$ at 2 and 4 mg/L of HA respectively. As decreasing HA, $R_f$ decreased dramatically and J increased, and finally $V_{\Upsilon}$ was the highest at 2 mg/L HA. Average treatment efficiencies of turbidity decreased as increasing HA, but treatment efficiency of HA was the highest at 4 mg/L HA. It was because most of HA was removed by membrane and some HA passing through the membrane was adsorbed or photo-oxidized by photocatalyst at low HA, and therefore treated water quality was almost same at 2 and 4 mg/L HA, but feed water quality was higher at 4 mg/L. At effect experiment of photo-oxidation and adsorption, J of UF + $TiO_2$ + UV process was maintained at the highest, and ultimately $(V_{\Upsilon})$ after 180 minutes' operation was the highest. As results of comparing the treatment efficiencies of turbidity and HA, photocatalyst adsorption had more important role than photo-oxidation when HA increased from 2 to 4 mg/L.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2013

The early Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor(SeaWiFS) atmospheric correction algorithm which is the basis of the atmospheric correction algorithm for Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI) assumes that water-leaving radiances is negligible at near-infrared(NIR) wavelengths. For this reason, all of the satellite measured radiances at the NIR wavelengths are assigned to aerosol radiances. However that assumption would cause underestimation of water-leaving radiances if it were applied to turbid Case-2 waters. To overcome this problem, Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models(MUMM) atmospheric correction algorithm has been developed for turbid waters. This MUMM algorithm introduces new parameter ${\alpha}$, representing the ratio of water-leaving reflectance at the NIR wavelengths. ${\alpha}$ is calculated by statistical method and is assumed to be constant throughout the study area. Using this algorithm, we can obtain comparatively accurate water-leaving radiances in the moderately turbid waters where the NIR water-leaving reflectance is less than approximately 0.01. However, this algorithm still underestimates the water-leaving radiances at the extremely turbid water since the ratio of water-leaving radiance at two NIR wavelengths, ${\alpha}$ is changed with concentration of suspended particles. In this study, we modified the MUMM algorithm to calculate appropriate value for ${\alpha}$ using an iterative technique. As a result, the accuracy of water-leaving reflectance has been significantly improved. Specifically, the results show that the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) of the modified MUMM algorithm was 0.002 while that of the MUMM algorithm was 0.0048.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.325-335
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• 2008

In this study, we used multi-channels ceramic membrane having larger permeate volume per unit time rather than tubular membrane. The hybrid process for advanced drinking water treatment was composed of granular activated carbons (GAC) packing between module inside and outside of multi-channels microfiltration membrane. Instead of natural organic matters (NOM) and fine inorganic particles in natural water source, modified solution was prepared with humic acid and kaolin. Kaolin concentration was fixed at 30mg/L and humic acid was changed as $2{\sim}10\;mg/L$ to inspect effect of organic matters. As a result, both resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$) and permeate flux (J) were highly influenced by concentration of humic acid. Also, in result of water-back-flushing period (FT) effect, the shorter FT was the more effective to reduce membrane fouling and to enhance permeate flux because of frequent water-back-flushing. However, the optimal FT condition was 8 min when operating costs were considered. Then, the hybrid process using multi-channels ceramic membrane and GAC was applied to lake water treatment. As a result, average treatment efficiencies in our experiment using the hybrid process were 98.02% for turbidity, 75.64% for $UV_{254}$ absorbance, 7.18% for TDS and 84.73% for $COD_{Mn}$.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.479-490
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• 2009

A number of temporal abstraction approaches have been suggested so far to handle the high computational complexity of Markov decision problems (MDPs). Although the structure of temporal abstraction can significantly affect the efficiency of solving the MDP, to our knowledge none of current temporal abstraction approaches explicitly consider the relationship between topology and efficiency. In this paper, we first show that a topological measurement from complex network literature, mean geodesic distance, can reflect the efficiency of solving MDP. Based on this, we build an incremental method to systematically build temporal abstractions using a network model that guarantees a small mean geodesic distance. We test our algorithm on a realistic 3D game environment, and experimental results show that our model has subpolynomial growth of mean geodesic distance according to problem size, which enables efficient solving of resulting MDP.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.454-458
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• 2012

The Characteristics of small scale water works at west Gyeong-nam was analyzed by investigationg the 6,569 cases which were carried out from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2010. The result of the research about treated water quality the highest mean concentration of fluorine was 0.19 mg/L at Hamyang the highest mean concentration of Nitrite nitrogen was 3.7 mg/L at Namhae each the highest mean concentration of Hardness, Total solids, Sulfate was 177 mg/L, 271 mg/L, 80 mg/L at Uiryeong. In the case of waterworks originated from valleys, the total bacterial count and turbidity were higher than ones originated from groundwater. On the other hand, nitrate nitrogen, total solids, hardness, sulfate, fluorine and iron were detected more than ones originated from valleys.