• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2005

Radiative heating of a liquid rocket base plane due to plume emission is numerically investigated. Calculation of flow and temperature fields around rocket nozzle precedes and thereby realistic plume shape and temperature distribution inside the plume are obtained. Based on the calculated temperature field, radiative transfer equation is solved by discrete ordinate method. With the sample rocket plume, the averaged radiative heat flux reaching the base plane is calculated about 5 kw/m$^{2}$ at the flight altitude of 10.9 km. This value is small compared with radiative heat flux caused by constant-temperature (1500 K) plume emission, but it is not negligibly small. At higher. altitude (29.8km), view factor between the base plane and the exhaust plume is increased due to the increased expansion angle of the plume. Nevertheless, the radiative heating disappears since the base plane is heated to high temperature (above 1000 K due to convective heat transfer.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.687-694
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop new drying process for automatic control and marine engi-neering system. Air-water tests were carried out to investigate dryer performance. The dispersed flow in he dryer test apparatuses was also simulated by using a numerical code which solves the Dittus-Boelter equation for continuous liquid phase and the Reynolds equation of droplet motion for continuous liquid phase and the Reynolds equation of droplet motion for dispersed phase to predict droplet removal efficiency. Proper conditions for dehumidification were optimized by response ambient conditions. When the selected indexes were constrained in the range of 85-98% moisture content above $15^{\circ}$ and more than mass flow rates of moist air 750kg/h. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data pertaining to the removal effi-ciency at chamber stage and overall pressure drop along concentric tubes Good agreement was obtained as for the efficiency while relatively poor agreement was obtained for the relative humidity. The results also showed that the efficiency depended strongly on the relative humidity at the inlet condition which indicated the importance of estimating the heat exchanger length. Effects of some design parameters in both removal efficiency and breakthrough onset condition are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.109-109
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• 1993

CANDU 원자로 지역별 대표 핵연료봉 1개에 대하여 열행태를 해석할 수 있는 '평균 단일 핵연료(ASF : Averaged Single Fuel)' 모델을 우선 제안하였다. 핵 연료봉 하나를 12 개 동일 체적의 환형 격자로 나누고 시공간을 고려하는 전진 유한 미분 해석을 적용하여 핵연료봉내에서의 열적 변이를 모사 하였다. 핵연료의 전도도 및 비열은 온도에 종속함이 가정되었다. 주어진 열출력에 대하여, 핵연료와 피복관내의 정상상태 온도분포를 산출하였고 주어진 냉각재 온도 및 표면 열 전달 계수에 대하여 핵연료봉 단위 길이당 저장열을 계산하였다. 초기 온도 분포의 임의 값에 대하여, 시간 단계별 열출력 및 열전달 계수 변이에 따른 저장열, 온도 분포, 냉각재료의 출력과 피복관 온도 변이를 계산하였다. 이후 ASF 모델을 CANDU 14개 지역 출력 특성의 실제적 모사 및 해석이 가능하도록, 14개 지역 대표 핵연료봉모델 모두를 동시에 포함하는 '다영역 핵연료(MZF : Multi Zone Fuel)' 모델로 확장하였다.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2008

Staggered dimples printed on opposite walls of an internal cooling channel are formulated numerically and optimized to enhance heat transfer performance. Nusselt number and friction factor based objectives are considered and a weighted average surrogate model is used to approximate the data generated by numerical simulation. The dimpled channel shape is defined by three geometric design variables, and the design point within design space are selected using Latin hypercube sampling. A weighted-sum method for multi-objective optimization is applied to integrate multiple objectives into a single objective. By the optimization, the objective function value is improved largely and heat transfer rate is increase much higher than pressure loss increase due to shape deformation. Channel with vertically non-symmetric optimum dimples is tested and found that the best appears if dimples on opposite wall are displaced by one quarter of dimple spacing.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 1991

A new semi-empirical average heat transfer correlation applicable for both laminar and turbulent film-wise condensation on a vertical surface has been presented. Re functional form of the present correlation is based on the representative existing correlations for laminar and turbulent film flows, whereas the numerical coefficients of the present correlation have been determined by the least squares method using experimental data obtained from the open literatures. In addition, the performance of the present as well as the seven existing correlations (four for laminar and three for turbulent film flow regimes) were evaluated for their accuracy and the range of application. The result shows that for laminar film filow regimes Zazuli's and the present correlations give the samllest values of mean error, whereas for turbulent film How regimes Kirkbride and Badger's and the present correlations produce the smallest values of mean error.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.688-697
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• 1994

유체유동이나 열전달 그리고 물질전달 (물질의 혼합 및 확산) 또는 이들 현상이 복합적으로 나 타나는 각종 기계의 설계와 성능 해석을 하기 위해서는 그 현상을 지배하는 편미분 방정식들의 해를 수치적으로 구해야 한다. 유동 상태가 충류 유동인 경우는 지배 방정식의 수가 알고자 하는 미지변수 즉 속도, 압력, 온도, 농도 등의 개수와 같고 또한 이들 변수들의 변동이 그리 심하지 않기 때문에 적절한 수치 해법을 사용하면 그 해를 구할 수 있다. 그러나 난류유동의 경우에는 변수들이 시간상으로 또한 공간적으로 대단히 심하게 변동(fluctuation)하기 때문에 공 학적으로 우리가 원하는 정보들, 즉, 표면 마찰저항이나 양력, 얼전달 계수, 물질 확산계수 등을 현재 수준의 전자계산기로 계산하는 데는 계산시간이 엄청나게 소요될 뿐만 아니라 변수 저장 메모리도 과도하게 차지하기 때문에 실제적인 계산 방법이 되지 못하고 있다. 이러한 이유로 변수들의 순간 변화 상태를 나타내는 지배 방정식들을 해석하는 대신에 이들 지배 방정식의 시 간평균을 취하여 유도한 난류 방정식들을 사용하게 된다. 그러나 이 시간 평균 과정에서 파생 되는 또 다른 미지의 난류 변수들 때문에 난류 지배 방정식에 있어서는 그 지배 방정식의 개수 보다 미지 변수의 개수가 많아져서 난류 지배 방정식을 풀기 위해서는 시간평균 과정에서 나타난 난류 변수들을 원래 있던 미지 변수들의 함수나 방정식의 형태로 가정할 필요가 있게 되는데 이 가정되는 함수 관계들을 난류 계산 모형이라고 한다. 난류 계산 모형은 물리적인 통찰과 직관에 의해서 실용적인 형태로 가정되기도 하지만 최근에는 논리적으로 엄격한 모형 원칙에 따른 수 학적인 방법으로 유도되고 있는데 이 글에서는 일반 독자들이 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 마하수가 낮은 2차원 비압축성 난류 유동을 예로 들어 x-y 직교 좌표계에서 표현되는 난류 계산 모형들을 소개하고 앞으로듸 발전 방향을 개관하며 현재의 응용 사례들을 예로 들어 모형의 성능을 비교 하여 보기로 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.997-1002
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• 2013

The article is aiming to investigate the thermal-fluidic characteristics of magnetic fluid in a cavity using GSMAC (generalized-simplified marker and cell method). The transport equations of the magnetic fluid are including the continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation for natural convection and Maxwell equation and magnetization equation of magnetite nano-sized particles motion. In addition, the heat transfer characteristics such as temperatures and Nusselt numbers and flow characteristics such as streamlines and isotherms of the magnetic fluid were analyzed with the intensity and direction of the magnetic fields. As a result, the thermal-fluidic characteristics of the magnetic fluid in a cavity were could be controlled by the intensity and direction of the magnetic fields.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

Various solar hybrid energy conversion processes, which have both the advantages of renewable energy sources and fossil energy sources, have been developed in the world because stable and predictable energy supplies, such as electricity and natural gas, are necessary for modern societies. In particular, a solar hybrid energy conversion process based on a dual fluidized bed process concept has been expected as the promising solution for sustainable energy supply via thermochemical conversions, such as pyrolysis, combustion, gasification, and so on, because solar thermal energy could be captured and stored in fluidized bed materials. Therefore, the attrition and heat transfer characteristics of silicon carbide and alumina particles used for fluidized bed materials for the solar hybrid energy conversion process were studied in an ASTM D5757 reactor and a bubbling fluidized bed reactor with 0.14m diameter and 2m height. These characteristics of novel fluidized bed materials were compared with those of sand particles which have widely been used as a fluidized bed material in various commercial fluidized bed reactors. The attrition resistances of silicon carbide and alumina particles were higher than those of sand particles while the average values of heat transfer coefficient in the bubbling fluidized bed reactor were in the range of 125 ~ 152 W m^-2K^-1.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.142-151
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• 2002

Claesson(2001)'s analytical solution, and two numerical models with Dirichlet and Neuman interior boundary condition respectively were investigated to estimate the transient temperature distribution with distances from the Taejon underground food cold storage pilot cavern. Claesson's solution, which is based on constant temperature boundary condition at the rock wall during a temperature decline step, showed relatively good agreement with temperature measurements in the rock mass in order of average error difference, 0.89$\^{C}$ without any adjustments on laboratory thermal properties to represent the rock mass. For the numerical model with heat flux through the rock wall, a boundary condition setting technique was newly proposed to overcome the difficulty of prescribing variable convective heat tranfer coefficient and far-field air temperature inside the cavern as they may be certainly changed according to the cooling-down time. The results showed also good agreement with measurements in order of average error difference, 1.58$\^{C}$, and were compared to those of the numerical model with fixed temperature at the rock wall. Finally, the most proper procedure to precisely predict the temperature profile around a cavern was proposed as a series of analysis steps including an analytical exact solution and numerical models.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2000

Numerical analysis was conducted to investigate flow and heat transfer characteristics in louver fin exchanger, which were influenced by louver pitch, fin pitch, louver angle and inlet velocity. Standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulent modelling was used in this study, and compared with laminar modelling. As a result of this study, Nusselt number became smaller as louver pitch or fin pitch was greater. Drag coefficient became smaller as louver pitch or fin pitch was greater, but it was little affected by inlet velocity.