• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.795-806
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention program for improvement of elementary science-poor students' Basic Science Process Skill (BSPS) and to validate the intervention program's effectiveness using eye-tracker. The participants of this study were 35 elementary science-poor students. This study's method was the analysis of real-time eye movements during basic science process skill problem solving. SMI's 120 Hz iView XTM RED was used to collect EMD (eye movement data). Experiment 3.4 and BeGaze 3.4 programs were used to design experiment and to analyze EMD. The results of this study are as follows. First, we developed an intervention program including BSPS instructional strategy, behavior of teachers & student according instructional strategy stage, teachinglearning plan and learning note. Second, science poor students' BSPS ability has improved statistically significantly through the application of intervention program and BSPS problem-solving time decreased statistically significantly. Third, AFT (average fixation time) of BSPS Question and keyword area decreased statistically significantly. Fourth, APD (average pupil diameter) of BSPS problem-solving process expanded statistically significantly. Fifth, AST (average saccade time) of BSPS problem-solving process increased statistically significantly. Sixth, AFET (average fixation entry time) of BSPS problem-clue area was accelerated statistically significantly, AFT of BSPS problem-clue area reduced statistically significantly.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2011

The aims of the present study were to investigate the anesthetic and hemodynamic effects of medetomidine-ketamine combination and to compare antagonistic effects of atipamezole and yohimbine on the recovery of pig from anesthesia induced by medetomidine-ketamine combination. Landrace and Yorkshire cross-bred pigs were evaluated in the present study. Pigs (n = 8) received three different treatments (one treatment per 14 days in a random order). All pigs were injected intramuscularly with medetomidine, and ketamine in a single syringe. Intravenous injections of atipamezole (MKA), yohimbine (MKY), or a control saline solution (MK) were administered 20 minutes after the medetomidine-ketamine combination injection. The intravenous antagonist injections quickly reversed the medetomidine-ketamine induced sedation in the pigs, resulting in a significantly shorter duration of anesthesia in the MKA and MKY groups compared to the MK group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels were significantly lower in the MKA and MKY groups compared to the MK group. Scores for posture and responses to noxious stimuli after atipamezole and yohimbine administration were significantly lower in the MKA and MKY groups than in the MK. In conclusion, the sedative effects and increases in blood pressure induced by a medetomidine-ketamine combination were quickly and smoothly reversed by atipamezole or yohimbine.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2001

Purpose: In this study, we developed a new software tool for the analysis of renal scintigraphy which can be modified more easily by a user who needs to study new clinical applications, and the appropriateness of the results from our program was studied. Materials and Methods: The analysis tool was programmed with IDL5.2 and designed for use on a personal computer running Windows. For testing the developed tool and studying the appropriateness of the calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA was administered to 10 adults in normal condition. In order to study the appropriateness of the calculated mean transit time (MTT), $^{99m}Tc-DTPA\;and\;^{99m}Tc-MAG3$ were administered to 11 adults in normal condition and 22 kidneys were analyzed. All the images were acquired with ORBITOR. the Siemens gamma camera. Results: With the developed tool, we could show dynamic renal images and time activity curve (TAC) in each ROI and calculate clinical parameters of renal function. The results calculated by the developed tool were not different statistically from the results obtained by the Siemens application program (Tmax: p=0.68, Relative Renal Function: p:1.0, GFR: p=0.25) and the developed program proved reasonable. The MTT calculation tool proved to be reasonable by the evaluation of the influence of hydration status on MTT. Conclusion: We have obtained reasonable clinical parameters for the evaluation of renal function with the software tool developed in this study. The developed tool could prove more practical than conventional, commercial programs.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.277-286
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• 2019

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is one of the most precious inventions of Internet of things (IOT). UAV faces the necessity to charge battery or replace battery from the charging stations during or between services. We propose scheduling algorithms for drone power charging (SADPC). The basic idea of algorithm is considering both a deadline (for increasing deadline miss ratio) and a charging time (for decreasing waiting time) to decide priority on charging station among drones. Our simulation results show that our power charging algorithm for drones are efficient in terms of the deadline miss ratio as well as the waiting time in general in compare to other conventional algorithms (EDF or SJF). Also, we can choose proper algorithms for battery charge scheduling and charge ready battery allocation according to system parameters and user requirements based on our simulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

A discrete-time(DT) filter with high-order temporal moving average(TMA) using actively-weighted charge sampling is proposed in this paper. To obtain different weight of sampled charge, the variable transconductance OTA is used prior to charge sampler, and the ratio of charge can be effectively weighted by switching the control transistors in the OTA. As a result, high-order TMA operation can be possible by actively-weighted charge sampling. In addition, the transconductance generated by the OTA is relatively accurate and stable by using the size ratio of the control transistors. The high-order TMA filter has small size, increased voltage gain, and low parasitic effects due to the small amount of switches and sampling capacitors. It is implemented in the TSMC $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process by TMA-$2^2$. The simulated voltage gain is about 16.7 dB, and P1dB and IIP3 are -32.5 dBm and -23.7 dBm, respectively. DC current consumption is about 9.7 mA.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.331-335
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• 2010

Previous low-energy time synchronization methods have mainly focused on reducing the number of transmission or reception packets. However, this paper proposes a method that reduces the percentage of time a node has to be awake (the duty cycle), assuming that a periodic sleep-wake cycle is used to conserve energy. Based on our experience with actual WSN devices, a system model is proposed, and the potential performance of the proposed method, with different parameter values, is analyzed. To further demonstrate the feasibility of our method, experiments were conducted using nine WSN devices in a $3{\times}3$ grid network topology. The results show the average synchronization error is 107.57 $\mu{s}$ in duty cycle 5% and synchronization period 10 sec, and 130 $\mu{s}$ in duty cycle 2.5% and synchronization period 20 sec.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.219-233
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• 1995

A non-stationary multivariate model is selected in which the mean and variance of rainfall are not temporally or spatially constant. And the rainfall prediction system is constructed which uses the recursive estimation algorithm, Kalman filter, to estimate system states and parameters of rainfall model simulataneously. The on-line, real-time, multivariate short-term, rainfall prediction for multi-stations and lead-times is carried out through the estimation of non-stationary mean and variance by the storm counter method, the normalized residual covariance and rainfall speed. The results of rainfall prediction system model agree with those generated by non-stationary multivariate model. The longer the lead time is, the larger the root mean square error becomes and the further the model efficiency decreases form 1. Thus, the accuracy of the rainfall prediction decreases as the lead time gets longer. Also it shows that the mean obtained by storm counter method constitutes the most significant part of the rainfall structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.49-54
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 가전제품의 동작상태를 사용자에게 적절히 알릴 수 있는 정보음의 적합성 평가기준을 마련하기 위하여 선행연구 결과와 주부들을 대상으로 가전제품의 사용실태를 분석하였으며, 고령자들도 알아듣기 쉽고 생활소음에 mask 되지 않으며 들어서 쾌적하도록 1, 1.6, 2, 3, 4 kHz의 완전 5도화음으로 구성된 정보음을 제작하여, 평균발음빈도(F)가 1.67 Hz인 그룹과 0.91 Hz인 그룹의 Attac(A)과 Decay(D)를 변화시켜 A/D의 변화에 따른 단순반응시간을 측정한 결과 F가 1.67Hz 그룹에서 A/D가 작을수록 단순반응시간이 짧아지는 경향을 확인하였으며, F가 1.67Hz와 0.91Hz의 수준에 따른 단순반응시간 차이검증 결과 p < 0.001 수준에서 유의미하여 5점 척도로 평가하였으며, 요인분석결과 첫 번째 요인은 긴박성요인, 두 번째 요인은 명료성 요인, 세 번째 요인은 역능요인, 네 번째 요인은 평가요인으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.10A
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• pp.775-779
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• 2003

A spatio-temporal searcher structure for 3rd generation W-CDMA systems is proposed to enhance the detection capability of the multi-path searcher for the desired signal. This searcher employs the spatio-temporal signal structure to search for newly emerging multipath signals. The proposed multi-path searcher provides better detection capability andthus reduces the mean acquisition time. The detection and false alarm probabilities of new and conventional schemes are calculated and numerical examples of mean acquisition time are given thereafter.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.442-444
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 평균전류모드제어를 이용하는 컨버터의 연속시간 소신호 모델을 구한다. 평균전류모드제어에 일반적으로 사용되는 보상기를 적용한 컨버터의 해석을 위해 샘플러를 전류루프에 포함시켜 해석한다. 기존 모델에서는 정확히 해석하기 어려웠던 전류루프 이득의 고주파 영역 해석이 제안한 모델을 이용함으로써 쉽게 해결할 수 있으며, 시스템의 안정성을 결정하는 고주파 영역에서의 주파수 응답 특성을 제안한 모델이 우수한 성능으로 예측 가능함을 보인다.