Browse > Article

Antagonistic Effects of Atipamezole and Yohimbine against Anesthesia with Medetomidine and Ketamine Combination in Pigs  

Lee, Jae-Yeon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Myung-Cheol (College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Veterinary Clinics / v.28, no.3, 2011 , pp. 291-296 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the anesthetic and hemodynamic effects of medetomidine-ketamine combination and to compare antagonistic effects of atipamezole and yohimbine on the recovery of pig from anesthesia induced by medetomidine-ketamine combination. Landrace and Yorkshire cross-bred pigs were evaluated in the present study. Pigs (n = 8) received three different treatments (one treatment per 14 days in a random order). All pigs were injected intramuscularly with medetomidine, and ketamine in a single syringe. Intravenous injections of atipamezole (MKA), yohimbine (MKY), or a control saline solution (MK) were administered 20 minutes after the medetomidine-ketamine combination injection. The intravenous antagonist injections quickly reversed the medetomidine-ketamine induced sedation in the pigs, resulting in a significantly shorter duration of anesthesia in the MKA and MKY groups compared to the MK group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels were significantly lower in the MKA and MKY groups compared to the MK group. Scores for posture and responses to noxious stimuli after atipamezole and yohimbine administration were significantly lower in the MKA and MKY groups than in the MK. In conclusion, the sedative effects and increases in blood pressure induced by a medetomidine-ketamine combination were quickly and smoothly reversed by atipamezole or yohimbine.
Keywords
medetomidine; ketamine; atipamezole; yohimbine; pigs;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Savola JM, Ruskoaho H, Puurunen J, Salonen JS, Karki NT. Evidence for medetomidine as a selective and potent agonist at alpha 2-adrenoreceptors J Auton Pharmacol 1986; 6: 275-284.   DOI
2 Sakaguchi M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N, Ishiguro T, Tamura H, Takeuchi A. Chemical restraint by medetomidine-ketamine and its cardiopulmonary effects in pigs. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1995; 42: 293-299   DOI
3 Nishimura R, Kim HY, Matsunaga S, Hayashi K, Tamura H, Sasaki N, Takeuchi A. Cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine-midazolam and medetomidine-midazolam- atipamezole in laboratory pigs. J Vet Med Sci 1994; 56: 359-363.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Sakaguchi M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N, Ishiguro T, Tamura H, Takeuchi A. Sedative effects of medetomidine in pigs. J Vet Med Sci 1992; 54: 643-647.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Hsu WH. Xylazine-induced depression and its antagonism by alpha adrenergic blocking agents. J Pharmacol and Exp Ther 1981; 218: 188-192.
6 Nishimura R, Kim H, Matsunaga S, Sakaguchi M, Sasaki N, Tamura H, Takeuchi A. Antagonism of medetomidine sedation by atipamezole in pigs. J Vet Med Sci 1992; 54: 1237-1240.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kollias-Baker CA, Court MH, Williams LL. Influence of yohimbine and tolazoline on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and sedative effects of xylazine in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1993; 16: 350-358.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Maze M, Tranquilli W. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists: defining the role in clinical anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 581-605.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Ko JC, McGrath CJ. Effects of atipamezole and yohimbine on medetomidine-induced central nervous system depression and cardiorespiratory changes in lambs. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56: 629-632.
10 Kreeger TJ, Seal US, Faggella AM. Xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of wolves and its antagonism by tolazoline hydrochloride. J Wildl Dis 1986; 22: 397-402.   DOI
11 Henrikson H, Jensen-Waern M, Nyman G. Anesthetics for general anesthesia in growing pigs. Acta Vet Scand 1995; 36: 401-411.
12 Sakaguchi M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N, Ishiguro T, Tamura H, Takeuchi A. Anesthesia induced in pigs by use of a combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and ketamine and its reversal by administration of atipamezole. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 529-534.
13 Henke J, Roberts U, Otto K, Lendl C, Matis U, Brill T, Erhardt W. Clinical investigations of an i.m. combination anesthesia with fentanyl/climazolam/xylazine and postoperative i.v. antagonism with naloxone/sarmazenil/yohimbine in guinea pigs. Tierarztl Prax 1996; 24: 85-87.
14 Henke J, Astner S, Brill T, Eissner B, Busch R, Erhardt W. Comparative study of three intramuscular anaesthetic combinations medetomidine/ketamine, medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam and xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg 2005; 32: 261-270.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Vainio OM, Bloor BC, Kim C. Cardiovascular effects of a ketamine-medetomidine combination that produces deep sedation in Yucatan mini swine. Lab Anim Sci 1992; 42: 582-588.
16 Verstegen J, Fargetton X, Zanker S, Donnay I, Ectors F. Antagonistic activities of atipamezole, 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine against medetomidine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in cats. Vet Rec 1991; 128: 57-60.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Sontakke SD, Umapathy G, Shivaji S. Yohimbine antagonizes the anaesthetic effects of ketamine-xylazine in captive Indian wild felids. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36: 34-41.   DOI   ScienceOn