• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2005

Purpose: to know the treatment result of squamous cell carcinoma in extremity had poor prognosis with risk factor including burn scar and chronic osteomyelitis. Material and Methods: Between Octorber 1993 and September 2002, 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in extremity had no distant metastasis was got operation and followed over 36 months. Amputation was done when it was hard to get enough wide margin or neurovascular structure was involved instead of wide excision. Mean age of patients was 57.2 years old and male to female was 16 to 4. TMN staging and histologic grading were performed. Results: There were 6 metastasis (30%) in 20 cases for mean 48.3 months (36-84 months). 3 metastasis to local lymph node and 3 distant metastasis were happened at lung (in 3 cases) and thorasic vertebra (in 1 case). Survival was 18 cases at last look. 5-year survival rate was 50%. 3 local recurrence was developed at average 11 months (4-18 months). Complication was focal skin defect after wide excision and skin graft in 2 cases. The patients by wide excision got average 1.9 time operation and by amputation got average 1.3 time. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma at extremity in Korea had high metastasis rate due to burn scar and chronic osteomyelitis, and it showed equal treatment result which treated by wide excision compared with amputation.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.83-83
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• 1993

The nuclear phosphoprotein p53 is expressed in all normal cells and appears to function in cell cycle regulation. Abnormally high levels of the protein are found in many different types of cancer. In human cancer overexpression of p53 is associated with point mutations within highly conserved regions of p53 gene. These altered genes encode stable p53 proteins that can detected by standard immunocytochemical techniques unable to detect rapidly degraded wild-type protein. Using of a monoclonal antibody to p53 antigen, immunocytochemical analysis of 29 squamous cell carcinomas of tongue(n= 19) and tonsil(n= 10) was performed. Non-tumor nuclei showed all negative reactivity. Positive reactivity was found in 4/29(13.8%)of SCCs of tongue and tonsil. In sizes of primary tumor, the cases over 4cm showed more positive reactivity than the cases under 4cm(p < 0.05). There was no stastical correlation between the reactivity and histopathologic grades, the primary sites of tumor or the presence of cervical metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally with high morbidity and mortality. Immune surveillance is well recognized as an important mechanism to prevent development or progression of HNSCC. HNSCC can escape the immune system through multiple mechanisms including development of tolerance in T cells and inhibition of T-cell-related pathways, generally referred to as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a clear advantage in advanced HNSCC patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Right at the front of the new era of immunotherapy, we will review current knowledge of immune escape mechanisms and clinical implication for HNSCC.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1999

Objectives : To analyze the effect of retinoids on the differentiation in HNSCC xenografts. Materials and Methods : RA (20mg/kg) or 13-cis-RA (60mg/kg) was orally administered once in a day for 30 days in the xenograft model we prepared using athymic nude mice with AMCHN-4 and -6. We carried out H & E staining and immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody against involucrin and cytokeratin 10. Results : Both RA and 13-cis-RA were found to suppress the differentiation of AMC-HN-4. Interestingly, RA enhanced the differentiation of AMC-HN-6, although 13-cis RA did not exhibit any effect on the differentiation. These results suggest that in vivo effect of retinoids on the HNSCC growth and differentiation might be various. Retinoids-induced P450 in AMC-HN-6 might be one of the mechanisms to explain the reason why the retinoids exhibit various functions in the HNSCC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2001

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin was diagnosed in an 11-year-old, Australian shepherd dog with a hard mass on the right rump area. On histopathological examination of the tumor showed laminated keratin "pearls" surrounded by proliferated squamous cells, and mitotic figures. The dog was treated by surgical excision and chemotherapy with vinblastine sulfate, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone for 4 weeks. The tumor was effectively treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy.motherapy.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1995

Between April 1982 and July 1991, 14 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the extremities have been treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University. The diagnosis was made by clinical symptoms, history, tissue and lymph node biopsy. Age distribution was variable and the average age was 50.2 years old. The frequency was higher in male than female. The most common location arising the carcinoma was lower extremities. The most common etiology of carcinoma was chronic osteomyelitis, then chronic ulcers, burn scars in order. The average duration of illness was 22.8 years. The common clinical manifestations at the time of admission were chronic ulcer, growing mass, draining sinus in order. The choice of treatment consisted of early adequate amputation or radical resection of the focus and irradiation or chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

서 론: 5-FU와 cisplatin 병용항암화학요법은 국소진행성 두경부편평상피암의 유도화학요법으로 널리 사용되고 있는 요법이다. 저자들은 5-FU 대신 경구제재인 S-1을 cisplatin과 병용하는 복합항암요법의 효과와 안전성에 대해 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 저자들은 2007년 2월부터 2008년 12월까지 S1과 cisplatin의 복합유도화학요법을 시행받은 3/4기 구인두, 하인두, 후두, 구강 편평상피세포암 환자 52명의 치료결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 유도항암화학요법은 제 1일에 cisplatin(75 또는 60mg/$m^2$), 제1일부터 14일까지 S-1(40mg/$m^2$)을 1일 2회, 21일 간격으로 투여하였고 가능한 경우에는 항암방사선동시요법 또는 수술을 뒤이어 시행하였다. 결 과: 전체 52명 중 37명(71.2%)에서 부분반응을 보였으나 완전반응은 관찰되지 않았다. 2년 무진행생존율은 56.9%, 2년 전체생존율은 68.2%였다. 유도항암요법과 관련된 유해반응으로는 호중구감소증(71.2%) 및 빈혈(63.5%) 등과 같은 혈액학적 부작용이 가장 흔했다. 결 론: S-1과 cisplatin의 복합항암화학요법은 국소진행성 두경부편평상피암 환자를 대상으로 한 유도화학요법으로 적용이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.398-402
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• 2011

Cruciferous vegetables including diindolylmethane (DIM) have been shown to have anticancer activity. Especially, DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF used in this study was reported to have more effective and less toxic effects than DIM. However, there is no report presenting their anti-tumorigenic activity in oral cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in KB human oral cancer cells. DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis evidenced by western blot analysis, DAPI staining and sub-$G_1$ population. This provides the first evidence that DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF originating from Cruciferous vegetables induce apoptotic cell death in human oral cancer cells to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2004

Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common head and neck malignant tumor. The molecular genetic changes involving both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to be involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis, but the roles of the known tumor suppressor genes in carcinogenesis are not fully elucidated. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the genetic alterations including the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) , amplification, and microsatellite instability of known tumor suppressor genes in HNSCC and to evaluate the relationship between genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes and clinicopathologic features. Materials and Methods: Genetic alterations of 10 micro satellite markers of the 6 known tumor suppressor genes (APC, EXT1, DPC4, p16, FHIT, and PTEN) were analysed by DNA-PCR in paraffin-embedded histologically confirmed HNSCC specimens. Results: The genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes were found frequently. Among the genetic alterations, LOH was most frequently found one. LOH was found frequently in APC (45.4%), EXT1 (36.4%), DPC4 (54.5%), and p16 (50%), but not found in FHIT. Also, the author found that abnormalities of APC gene was related to cervical lymph node metastasis and recurrence and that abnormalities of EXT1 gene were coexisted with those of APC gene or DPC4 gene. But these coexistences had no correlation with clinical features. Conclusion: These results suggested that APC, EXT1, p16, and DPC4 genes might play important roles and multiple tumor suppressor genes may participate dependently or independently in the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. These results also suggested that APC gene might relate to prognosis.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare general survival rate and survival rate according to expectable prognostic factors by analyzing the result of treating a patient of squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: From Mar. 1999 to Feb. 2011, 151 patients were pathologically confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma of limbs and body in our hospital, and among those patients, 51 patients underwent the surgical treatment. This study included 41 patients who underwent the surgical treatment and were followed-up for more than 12 months. The mean age of population was 64.4 years. 31 males and 10 females were included. Wide excision with following skin grafts or flaps for reconstruction (29 cases) was mostly performed, but amputation (12 cases) was also performed for cases with extremities where resection margin was difficult to obtain and cases with neural or vascular invasion. 8 patients underwent chemotherapy or radiotherapy after resection, and 33 underwent the operation only. Stages were classified by AJCC Classification, survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and survival rate of groups was compared by Log-rank test. For the expectable prognostic factors related to survival rate, location of primary lesion, cause of disease, pathologic grade, staging, surgical method, additional anticancer therapy were examined and each survival rate was compared. Results: The average follow-up period was 65.2 (12-132) months. Thirty patients survived out of 41 patients till last follow up. The overall survival rate in 5 years was 77%. Three cases (7.3%) had local recurrence, and 7 cases (17.0%) had metastasis. The average period of recurrence from operation was 27 (18-43) months. Possible prognostic factors such as location of primary lesion, cause of disease, pathologic grade, staging, additional anticancer therapy showed no significant difference in survival rates. However, patients with amputation showed significantly lower survival rate than those with wide excision. Conclusion: In analysis the results of treating 41 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, the overall 5-year survival rate was 77%. And, among the several prognostic factors, only the surgical method was significant statistically.