• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.286-303
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• 2015

This paper aims at analyzing the role of Korean ethnic network in the settlement process of Korean immigrants, and elucidating their utilization measures, through the case Study of Korean Immigrants in LA. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the majority of respondents used Korean ethnic networks and Korean town in the immigration process. According to the results of ANOVA test, Korean ethnic network are more importantly considered by the groups such as elderly, livers in Korean town, and people who the first settlement was LA. Secondly, respondents more frequently use Korean ethnic network in the activities such as church, shopping and business. Especially, the groups such as short immigration term, elderly, poor English ability are more frequently use Korean ethnic network. Thirdly, Viewing the cognition of respondents about the necessity of Korean ethnic networks, respondents want to use them for strengthening the ties of domination society. Finally, utilization of Korean ethnic churches, Korean ethnic business organizations and Korean ethnic web-site portal are proposed for activating Korean ethnic networks.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of New Deal under the New Labour government in Britain and examines the nature of New Deal with respect to workfare. The time difference of five years after the New Deal was put into effect shows that New Deal has contributed not only to include the socially excluded groups such as the young unemployed, the long-term unemployed, single parents, and the disabled into the labour market, but also to decrease the amount of income-based benefits providing for working generation. It can be said that the nature of New Deal under the New Labour is near to human capital development model rather than labour force attachment model. New Deal provides the opportunity of policy learning for the countries which pursue the reform of social security system to moving welfare beneficiaries being able to work into jobs. Policy learning can be summed up as follows. First, imposing mutual responsibility and obligations on unemployed person should be accompanied by implementing active labour market programmes of education and job training. Second, the delivery system which administrates workfare programmes should be decentralized in a local society. The cooperation between local government and enterprisers will be critical in implementing various employment programmes and moving unemployed person into jobs. Third, the case management for individual participating in workfare programme is necessary. The personal adviser should continue to provide employment services for the unemployed until he or she get a job and enter the state of self-reliance. Finally, the workfare programme should be firmly backed by the political leadership in order to overcome the oppositions of beneficiary groups under the existing social security system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.260-274
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to reveal the backgrounds, process, and evaluation of the "Forest Survey Project(1910)" and to determine the influence of the "Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea(1910)", which was based upon the results of the project, on forest policy in the early period of the General-Government of Korea. The forest survey project was conducted by two Japanese, Kiuchi and Saito, to understand the forest distribution in the Korean Peninsula by ownership and stand. However, the accuracy of the project was very low due to the lack of budget and time. Especially, village forests and special easement forests in the northern peninsula were classified into the Nation Forest without Administration caused by the informality and arbitrariness of the survey. Nevertheless, the General-Government of Korea used the results of the survey for establishing the forest policy on the classification of the forest land ownership in Korea at that time. The "Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea(1910)" was based upon the results of the survey as mentioned above. The comments was realized as colonial forest policy through the Forest Ordinance in 1911 and a series of policies consolidating the modern forest ownership. To conclude, the "Forest Survey Project" was used to establish colonial forest policy in the early of the General-Government of Korea while its accuracy was truly low. Moreover, the "Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea" had a great influence on the formulating the directions and details of colonial forest policy in Korea under the rule of Japanese Imperialism.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.6 s.105
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• pp.955-970
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• 2004

With the flow of globalization, world aviation markets are showing growing trends toward liberalization, deregulation, and privatization. At the same time, also apparent is a strong trend toward regionalism on aviation markets to realize open skies at the regional level. This research examines the recent trend of regionalism in the world aviation market from a political economic perspective, taking a single European aviation market as an example. The results show that the creation of a single European aviation market is the EU's strategic response against the US to enhance the European aviation industry's competitiveness. More specifically, the results show that the European countries are creating a single European aviation market in order to stand against the US' so-called 'divide and nile policy' and 'encirclement strategy' and to make their airliners to have competitive advantages over the US airliners on the lucrative North-Atlantic air routes. Recently, the single European aviation market is expanding by including the Mediterranean and Balkan states to pursue Pan European aviation cooperation and to develop European Common Aviation Area so that it can continuously enhance its negotiating leverage against external markets. The results imply that it is urgent for the Northeast Asian countries to create their own regional aviation bloc to develop their aviation industry and to increase their negotiating power against external countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2013

This paper presents a comparison of Korean and Manchurian railway system during the Japanese colonial era of Korea. While both railways share the common characteristics of an imperial railway, they revealed several differences. Firstly, the Manchurian railway was likely a private company, although it was operated half privately and half by the government. The Manchurian railway operated like the East Indian Company in India during the English colonial era. On the other hand, the Korean railway was fully operated by the government at a ministry level. While the Korean railway solely concentrated on the railway, the Manchurian railway was involved in regional development and the coal-mining industry as well. Secondly, in contrast to the Korean railway, the Manchurian railway was more lucrative, and was relatively more predominant regarding carriage of freights. Thirdly, railway officers in Korea were elected government bureaucrats, while Manchurian railway officers came from diverse political parties and social strata. After the annexation by the Kwantung Army, the Manchurian railway was mainly influenced by the military. The common characteristic here was that both railways were utilized for military purposes as imperial railways. In partilcular, the Manchurian railway executed military orders directly. Hereafter, through a comparative study between the Japanese and Taiwanese railways, a clear and accurate understanding of the characteristics of the Korean railway during the Japanese era will be revealed.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 2013

The Cooperatives Act was enacted. This enabled people to establish easily cooperatives at various fields. A cooperative is an important vehicle for rural community development. Therefore, the enactment of the Cooperatives Act can be a significant chance for rural policy. The Cooperatives Act have made three significant changes. First, cooperatives can start businesses at all the fields except for financial and insurance business. Second, requisites for people to establish cooperatives have been alleviated exceptionaly. Third, the Cooperatives Act introduced a new cooperative organization, social cooperative which aims to serve the socially excluded class. The self-help approach places rural community members at the core of a development process with two goals: to improve the quality of life within the community and to facilitate the community's capacity building. Community cooperatives contribute to accomplish those goals. One of the roles for cooperatives is to provide products and services at competitive prices. Providing a good or service at a competitive price bcomes increasingly important in some rural communities declines. Cooperative development processes have bic impacts on the ablility of community members to increase human asset and social capital. We conducted a survey targeting rural community businesses to grasp inclinations toward establishing cooperatives. The Cooperatives Act has gained low level of recognition. But so many community businesses wanted to establish cooperatives. This means there is a possibility for many community businesses to establish cooperatives without sufficient understanding. We suggested some policy issues for coping with this situation, as followings. First, the governments should provides rural community residents with opportunities to learn about cooperatives. Second, the current legal systems and regulations about business and social service should be reviewed to do away with the possible discrimination between the new cooperatives and the other forms of incoporation. Third, the cooperation of cooperatives should be encouraged and facilitated in rural communities.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.51-73
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• 2003

In the context of dramatic change in the formation of the Korean family, this study attempts to examine the role of social safety net in family disruption. This study selected 366 individuals who experienced family disruption, mainly divorce and separation, using the 1996 Panel of Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Methodologically, due to the absence of proper longitudinal data in korea for the purpose of this study, the study analyzed the SIPP and attempted to provide policy implications for Korea. Findings of the current study confirmed that women with children experienced severe economic decline upon family disruption. American social safety net was insufficient to protect mother with children from poverty. Findings imply that Korea needs to develop public policies to protect mother-only-families, who experienced family disruption, from poverty. Expanding and reforming the eligibility of public assistance can be an important policy recommendation. A strong guideline for awarding child support, an active labor market policy, and EITC may have a positive effect on increasing the income of mother-only-families.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

The purpose of the paper is to research issues and implications on a large-scale enlargement of urban area in city management plan. This study investigated laws and regulations in force and carried out case study for three cities such as Yangju-si, Gimpo-si, Whaseong-si. As a result of analysis, three points at issue were abstracted and improvement ideas for each of them were suggested as follows. First, to set up adequate size of urban area, it is necessary to consider resonable planning for population, spatial structure, zone of life and land use in city comprehensive plan and city management plan. Second, to decrease arguments about scope and bounds of urban area, it is important to make general and specific guidelines to set up them. Third, to manage new urban area and its surroundings efficiently, it is necessary to subdivide zoning of non-urban area strictly, to restraint individual location of factories or cattle sheds, to make a proper infrastructure plan in advance, to administer strongly the permission of development behavior and to control strictly consecutive and joining development in non-urban area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2006

Ten supernormal clutches of little terns Sterna albifrons and seven clutches having mixed eggs by little terns and kentish plovers Charadrius alexandrinus were recorded during the breeding seasons of 2003$\sim$2005 at Ganwol lake, Hongsung-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The frequency of egg retrieval by Little Terns was higher after the second egg laying regardless of the clutch size and incubation stage. The frequency of egg retrieval was high at all incubation stage. When experimental eggs were placed within 15 cm from the nests, the percentage of egg retrieval was highest (almost 100%). However the percentage dropped rapidly over 35$\sim$55 cm range and finally to zero at 60 cm distance. Little terns retrieved all kinds of eggs set near their nests regardless of its kind or size. This study suggests that egg retrieval by little terns may be a source of the nest with supernormal and mixed egg clutch observed in this species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 2018

Baekdudaegan is Korea's traditional geographic system which incorporates the mountains and water to constitute an organism. In this system, the mountain ranges of the Korean peninsula is categorized into one Daegan, one Jeonggan and thirteen Jeongmaek: a classification that follows the principle that 'a mountain range separates watercourse (山自分水嶺).' Among them, the scope of this study encompasses one Daegan and nine Jeongmaek which fall in South Korea. As for the methodology, this study interviewed the visitors to Baekdudaegan in South Korea and analyzed 2,519 responses. Among the interviewee, a very low proportion of 5.1% answered that they 'know' the traditional geographic system and those who 'know' Baekdudaegan were merely 39%. Only 11.8% said they 'know' Jeongmaek. Meanwhile, more than 60% answered that the natural environment of Baekdudaegan was 'well conserved,' and this can lead to the judgment that the environment is well conserved. Many answered that it was desirable to include Baekdudaegan in the curriculum, most effectively from the primary school, for promoting the awareness of Baekdudaegan. Currently, the traditional geological system is not included in the promulgated curriculum of the Ministry of Education. Therefore, the lessons from this study lead to a suggestion that the curriculum by the Ministry of Education shall allot courses on this traditional geological system. This policy will inculcate the identity of the Korean nationality and the fundamental concept of conservation by stimulating the affection to our territory and environment.