• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

Following the U.S sub-prime mortgage crisis and a slump in properties market, the probability is rising that housing investment would not yield high profit as it used to do until early 2000s. For this reason, the nature of properties market is undergoing a change from a source of lucrative investment to a source of a relatively low but stable profit, such as profit-oriented real estate. This trend is likely to promote REITs market, which is a leading product for indirect investment. Until now, the REITs market has been growing slowly compared to a general housing market or financial markets. However, as the importance of risk management based on portfolio theories increases, stable profit generation of REITs can be effective in risk management. This study conducts an empirical analysis on how investment risks can be diversified by including REITs-a source of relatively stable profit in the equity market-in investment portfolio. The analysis results showed that, similar to food and beverage stocks of highly defensive nature, REITs has a relatively weak correlation with KOSPI that reflects the overall market performance. It also showed very low standard deviation in case of minimum variance portfolio. This suggests that including REITs in investment portfolio can be as effective as including food and beverage stocks for risk diversification. Due to uncertainties, investment always accompanies risks, and balancing potential profits and risks is essential.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

Local assemblers of agricultural products perform important distribution functions such as providing sales outlets, labor forces, market information, and financing, forward contracting, farming, physical distribution, and etc. However, their business activities are not transparent and producers are not effectively protected from unfair practices done by local assemblers. In order to enhance transparency and to increase effectiveness of governmental policies, local assemblers, which are mostly private management, should be organized as corporations. In order to organize corporations, the government should emphasize the importance of education and should provide corporations with governmental funds for improvement of agricultural distribution. Corporations should be developed to marketing cooperatives in the long run, and are requested to form their federations. It is also necessary to have transparent forward contracting system by local assemblers. In order to have transparent system, producers and local assemblers are guided to use standard contract forms and to operate offices handling unfair trade practices by local assemblers. We also need a place to exchange forward contracts, which can be developed to a futures market in the long run. In summary, local assemblers of agricultural products, which are mostly private management, should be developed to corporations and be operated by a transparent manner in order to protect agricultural producers and increase efficiency of trading.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.963-976
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to investigate the general characteristics of students, which include the degree of satisfaction, motives of admission, the recognition of advantages and disadvantages, opinion of students on self-directed learning, and planning and anticipatory effects after graduation. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey over a period of four months, from May 1997 to August 1997. The subjects used for this study consisted of 322 RN students sampled from six RN-to-BSN programs in Korea using the census sampling method. Statistical methods employed for this study included discriptive statistics, M ANOVA, and F-test. The results of the study are as follows 1. The RN students' motives of admission to RN-to-BSN programs were ‘for personal advancement’, ‘to earn a BSN degree’, and ‘for professional development’ in this order. 2. The RN students' responses to the advantages of RN-to-BSN programs were ‘acquisition of new knowledge and a BSN degree’ and ‘to gain professional thinking and a broader view’, while as the disadvantages of RN-to-BSN programs were ‘geographical isolation of institutions’, ‘limitation of information’, and ‘underdeveloped school environments’ in this order. 3. The survey based on opinions toward self-directed learning showed that there was a need of detailed guidelines for self-directed learning. Most agreed that it was a very effective learning method for a RN student, and the self-directed learning method Increases motives for learning. 4. The students' anticipatory effect after graduation were ‘self-achievement’, ‘development of professional skills’, and ‘admission to post-graduate school or programs to study abroad’. 5. The students were very satisfied with the quality of faculty members, and satisfied with the quality of lectures and teaching. However, students were unsatisfied with rented lecture rooms, and very unsatisfied with self-directed learning methods. 6. School nurses showed higher statistical significances in the need for teaching material and anticipatory effect after graduation than other RN students working in hospitals and public health agencies. Also, school nurses, public health nurses, and industry nurses showed higher statistical significances in motives of admission than RN students working in hospitals. Further more, staff nurses, school nurses, and industry nurses showed higher levels of satisfaction toward a RN-to-BSN programs than nurses in higher positions, such as administrators or directors of nursing. 7 City residents were more satisfied with RN-to-BSN programs than rural residents. Otherwise, the rural residents had higher motives for admission, a bigger need for teaching materials, and recognition of the disadvantages of RN-to-BSN programs than city residents. Finally, RN students who earned below a monthly income of ￦1,000,000 showed higher motivation for admission than those who earned more than ￦1,000,000.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.875-905
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• 2018

Recently China's science and technology development is accelerating, and some technologies have the world's best technology. With the rapid development of science and technology, China has been deeply aware of the importance of science and technology, and many efforts are being made to legislate security regulations to protect their technologies. Korea and other countries are also interested in research security, and research and development cooperation with China is also on the rise. In this paper, we derived some implications by comparing and analyzing China's science and technology security regulation and Korea's national R&D project management regulations. China is also enacting science and technology security regulations as a subordinate to the laws and regulations of science and technology. However, it should be reflected in future legislation that the difference from Korea is composed of separate independent regulations. In particular, the fact that the science and technology security regulations have been enacted separately may be a hint that can be reflected in the nation's future legislation processes. In this paper, major contents of the science and technology security regulations, points to division of knowledge property into scientific and technological cooperation or security tasks, designation of regulations on the characteristics of research security guidelines, and operation of individual national security agencies In addition, in the event that the contents of the related statutes, confidentiality provisions, and import and import control are recorded in this paper, and the results of the joint R&D project are not utilized, or the technology transfer is not carried out.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.397-407
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among daily hassles, self-efficacy, and stress responses of RN-BSN (Registered Nurses-Bachelor of Science in Nursing) students in juggling both their jobs and learning as an adult learner of distance education in digital convergence era. The data were collected by a questionnaire from 229 nurses in a RN-BSN course of an open university from October to November, 2013. The mean score of facing task dimension was much higher than the interpersonal dimension score among daily hassles. The academic problem of the facing task and the family relationship of the interpersonal were the highest respectively. The mean score of self-efficacy was slightly higher than the median. Multiple regression showed that perceived health status, workload, occupation satisfaction, and values problem of daily hassles explained 44.2% of stress reponses and values problem was the main factor influencing stress responses. The distance education policies and strategies were required to manage their stress for the adult learners of distance education in digital convergence era.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.473-486
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• 2013

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for Paryeongsan Zone in the Dadohaehaesang National Park incorporated in National Park in 2011. To do so, seventy-five plots($100m^2$) were set up and surveyed. The surveyed plots were divided into six groups according to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN; (I) Quercus acutissima community, (II) Q. serrata-Carpinus tschonoskii var. tschonoskii community, (III) Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica community, (IV) Q. variabilis community, (V) P. rigida-Q. variabilis-P. densiflora community, (VI) Chamaecyparis obtusa community. The results of vegetation structure analysis were. I, IICommunity, were expected that the deciduous oak trees with deciduous oak trees or Carpinus tschonoskii var. tschonoskii competing with oak trees would flourish in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. III, VCommunity, were expected that the P. densiflora and P. rigida competing with oak trees would flourish in a deciduous broad-leaved forest. IVCommunity, have expanded the influence of Q. variabilis, but understory will be developed next ecological succession by a high percentage of Machilus thunbergii in frequency of warm-temperate trees. VI Community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community were expected continue. This Chamaecyparis obtusa community is picked thinning Chamaecyparis obtusa as moving purpose of National Park, it will be inducement a plant vegetation succession to the natural forest. Frequency of warm-temperate trees in the Paryeongsan Zone of warm temperate climate zone was a total 9 species, Machilus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Elaeagnus macrophylla, etc.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.373-394
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• 2020

The strengthening of multilateral international sanctions against North Korea has raised questions as to how effective they are in exerting pressure on the country's economy. In this paper, we address this question by examining their impact on the country's integration into regional and global apparel production networks. North Korea has in the past decade become an increasingly competitive exporter of apparel on the basis of consignment-based processing arrangements. Official trade data shows a sharp drop in North Korean exports of clothing since the sectoral ban in 2017. There is evidence to suggest, however, that exports have continued on a more informal and clandestine basis. North Korea's integration into apparel production networks has also taken the form of the dispatch of workers to factories in China's northeastern border regions. Yet there is evidence that the recent sanctions imposed on such practices has similarly led to illicit practices such as working on visitors' visas, often with the help of Chinese enterprises and local government. The resilience of North Korea's integration into apparel production networks follows a capitalist logic and is result of the highly profitable nature of apparel production for all actors concerned and a correspondingly strong desire to evade sanctions. As such, the analysis contributes to the literature on sanctions that suggests that the measures may contribute to emergence of growing informal and illicit practices and to the role of the clandestine economy.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.28
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• pp.447-476
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• 2010

In the 1990s the intellectuals in China were transferred into global capitalism, and faced with the changes of society deepened by capitalism, and were forced to sign on it. The New-left proposed a question to the society of modern China being accelerated in the capitalism. The controversy with the Neo-liberal became the top issue of the 1990s' world of thought. According to the New-left, 'reform' should be attained not by capitalism of laissez-faire bringing up for wealth concentration, but by extending the democracy of political affairs and economy along with fairness guarantee of social distribution and avoiding widening the gap between rich and poor. Additionally, 'opening' should be reevaluated as a problem of considering difference and polyphyletic matter. Opening is not the meaning of accepting capitalism unconditionally and transferring into global capitalism. Based on these beliefs, the New-left criticize the socialism after reform and opening. In addition, the New-left discuss how enlightenment and modernity were understood and how they should be understood. The New-left reflect that the enlightenment in China was considered as the same as one in the western societies and emphasize the efforts of having been overcoming the contradiction of modernity through the Chinese history. As a result, the New-left seek out a new perspective and an alternative proposal beyond the dichotomy between capitalism and socialism, western countries and China, and tradition and modern.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.67-82
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• 2003

Korea is in the state of insufficient supply of research information, a gap of information between universities and absolute depends on foreign information resource. So it is necessary to activate inter-libray research information resource sharing. To encourage consciousness and spontaneous effort to inter-libray research information resource sharing, university libray evaluation system of contribution toward resource sharing is required. This study intends to survey present condition of inter-libray research information research information in Korea, and develope evaluation system about inter-libray research information resource sharing. And propose operating methods of evaluation system about insert established university evaluation system or execute independently.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.719-749
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• 2008

Using the cost-risk portfolio approach, this study suggests a fiscal budgeting model that provide a measure to allocate fiscal budget among the strategies responding to oil crisis. In addition, it calculates the appropriate fiscal distribution among policy measures for the 2000 to 2006 fiscal years. According to the empirical results, a certain amount of budget should be allocated to the option using futures markets. The strategic stockpiling option turns out be hard to be included in the policy portfolio due to its costs much higher that the other options. Oil well development option should take more than half of total budget since its expenses are assumed to be relatively low.