• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.784-789
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• 2014

This work aimed to investigate the changes in the nutrient contents and antioxidant activity of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. by ripening stage, growing condition, and blanching. The crude protein content of the young leaves (3.6~4.3%) was higher than that of the mature leaves (3.1~3.9%). Higher calcium contents were observed in the greenhouse-cultivated samples (225.9~259.2 mg/100 g) compared to the field-cultivated samples (178.5~199.5 mg/100 g). The vitamin C and folate contents (18.1~83.8 and 175.8~220.2 mg/100 g, respectively) of the field-cultivated samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the greenhouse-cultivated samples (13.1~57.7 and 133.0~148.8 mg/100 g, respectively). The growing condition and blanching were significant factors affecting the changes in the vitamin and polyphenol contents. The ${\beta}$ carotene contents of the blanched samples increased 2.6-fold compared to those of the raw samples. The total polyphenol contents (10.2~17.1 mg/g extract) and DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=2.0{\sim}3.0mg/ml$) of the blanched samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the raw samples (1.8~4.3 and $IC_{50}=16.2{\sim}21.1mg/ml$, respectively).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.536-544
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• 2017

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai is deciduous shrubs of flowering plant in Oleaceae. It is important plant resources and consists of one species in the world. Also the endemic plant of A. distichum has been protected and designed endangered plant in Korea. For this reason, study on the immature seeds of A. distichum (ADS) hasn't progressed. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on proteins and mRNA levels were related in the whitening effect in B16F10 cells. ADS was effective for reaction oxygen species (ROS). ROS causes various diseases such as aging, inflammation, cancer, and etc. Antioxidant properties were evaluated DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity and Reducing power. Plants were known that contained phenolic compounds were related in antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds were phytochemicals commonly named natural polyphenols. These are secondary metabolites of plants involved in the defense against different types of stresses. In results, ADS suppressed the expression and transcription of Tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-2) are known to play an important role in melanin biosynthesis. MITF regulated the expression and transcription of Tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2. In conclusion, ADS was effective in both antioxidant activities and whitening effects. Also, they were associated with the content of phenolic compounds. We suggested that ADS can be use antioxidants and skin-whitening functional cosmetics material derived from natural plant resources.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.216-221
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• 2004

Changes in physiological functionality of giant embryonic rice by germination process were investigated using 70% ethanolic extract of the rices. Physiological functionality was evaluated by determining the reducing power, phenolic compound content, GABA content, and antimutagenicity. The results showed that the order of reducing power of the non-germinated rices was Nampung giant embryonic rice>normal rice> Whachung giant embryonic rice, however, the activity was high as the order of Whachung giant embryonic rice> Nampung giant embryonic rice> normal rice by germination process. About 3-fold activity increase was observed for Whachung giant embryonic rice, while, the activity of Nampung giant embryonic rice and normal rice decreased by the same treatment. The phenolic compound content of three rice cultivars were found to be almost same levels. Germination of rice increased the content of phenolic compounds by 2.6-fo1d without any considerable changes for both Nampung giant embryonic rice and normal rice. The GABA contents was highest in Whachung giant embryonic rice, followed by Nampung giant embryonic rice, normal rice in either germination or non-germination condition. The germination increased the GABA contents by more than 2.4-fold for all rice cultivars tested. We also found an increase in the antimutagenic activity by germination process for all cultivars, where the activity was the greatest for Whachung cultivar.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.683-692
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• 2000

The volatile organic compounds emitted from food wrapping films when it was used at high temperatures. However, the testing method based on solvent extraction may not be suitable for determination of volatile organic compounds from food wrapping films. Therefore, thermal extraction device was investigated in the study for reflection of actual usage conditions at home and restaurant. In this study, PVC food wrapping films were exposed to normal use condition controlled from $50^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$ and collected on sorbent trap. Then, emitted VOCs from the films were analyzed with On-column cryofocusing-GC/MS system. The major VOCs emitted from films were $C_{12}-C_{18}$ paraffinic hydrocarbons, dimethylphthalate, alkylphenols, known as endocrine disrupting chemical, such as tetramethylbutylphenol, tert-butylphenol, and nonylphenol. The concentration of tetramethylbutylphenol emitted from PVC films was $0.07ng/cm^2$ at $50^{\circ}C$, rapidly increased with temperature, $3.94ng/cm^2$ at $100^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.546-551
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• 2002

Nutritional composition and phenolic compounds of raw propolis collected from falseacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and chestnut tree (Castanea crenata), and their 70% ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) were analyzed. Propolis had high crude lipid content, but no significant differences in general compositions in terms of collection area and plant origins. Mineral contents varied greatly depending on the plant origins, with falseacacia propolis showing the highest mineral content. Sixteen amino acids were analyzed, among which aspartic acid content was the highest at $328.4{\sim}410.6\;mg%$ and methionine the lowest at $0{\sim}21.1\;mg%$. Extraction yield for EEP was relatively high at $64.2{\sim}81.9%$, and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were $13.9{\sim}23.7$ and $8.6{\sim}10.8%$, respectively. HPTLC and HPLC analysis on the phenolic compounds revealed the overall chromatographic patterns were almost equal, showing similar polyphenol compositions between the propolis. About 16 peaks were identified by HPLC analysis, among which 6 peaks of p-hydroxy benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, and chrysin were identified.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.598-601
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• 2009

Perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt] seedlings are easy to grow and eaten as the health vegetable sprout. Two day old perilla seedlings since germination were given a mild wounding using cell wall lytic NaOH/SDS solution for infiltration with recombinant Agrobacterium cells treated with phenolic compounds. In the analysis of fluorometric GUS gene expression for the transformed perilla seedlings, GUS enzyme activity was the highest by the combined treatments of 50 mM acetosyringone and 0.5% NaOH solution containing 0.01% SDS implying a synergic effect. This result could be successfully applied for demonstrating hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) protein expression.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.171-179
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and the bioactive compounds found in 70% ethanol extracts taken from Sanguisorbae officinalis L. leaves(SO) cultivated in Korea. The extracts were tested for their total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), phenolic compounds, and antioxidative activities using various in vitro assay such as DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and reducing power. The TPC and TFC were found to be $119.3{\pm}1.54mg$ gallic acid and $59.6{\pm}1.43mg$ rutin at mg of 70% ethanol extracts, respectively. Catechin was the major material among the phenolic compounds in SO extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and reducing power of SO extracts were increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that SO extracts could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and functional food ingredient.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.376-384
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• 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to monitor the characteristics of ethanol extracts from glasswort (Salicornia herbacea). A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of the independent variables of sample ratio, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration on the dependent variables color, sugar, salinity, yield, electron donating ability, and total polyphenol content of extracts. The maximum $^{\circ}Brix$ (8.46) was obtained under specific extraction conditions, with a sample ratio of 7.04 g/100 mL, an extraction temperature of $89.01^{\circ}C$, and an ethanol concentration of 34.29% v/v. At a sample ratio, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration of 7.00 g/100 mL, $89.15^{\circ}C$, and 34.14% v/v, respectively, the salinity was 7.35%. When the sample ratio, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration were 5.56 g/100 mL, $68.61^{\circ}C$, and 99.14% v/v, respectively, the maximum electron donating ability was 86.10%. A maximized total polyphenol content of 1,140.15 mg/100 g was found with the following conditions: sample ratio of 8.6 g/100 mL, extraction temperature of $64.19^{\circ}C$, and ethanol concentration of 71.74% v/v. Overall, the optimal ranges of extraction conditions for effective components of glasswort were 3.38.5.33 g/100 mL sample ratio, $55.87-76.96^{\circ}C$, and 25.00.67.31% v/v ethanol.

• The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.2-21
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• 2012

현대과학에 의하여 밝혀진 고려인삼의 약리효능을 보면 뇌 기능 개선, 통증감소, 암 예방 및 항암작용, 면역기능 항진, 간 기능 개선, 항당뇨, 혈압 조절기능, 항피로, 항 스트레스, 여성 갱년기장애 개선, 남성 발기부전 개선, 항 산화, 항 노화 등에 관한 효능을 들 수가 있으며, 고려인삼의 효능성분으로서는 ginsenosides(인삼사포닌), 페놀화합물, 폴리아세틸렌화합물, 다당체 특히 산성다당체, 펩타이드 등이 주류를 이루고 있다. 효능성분 중에는 특히 ginsenosides에 관한 연구가 많이 수행되었는 바, 고려인삼이 타국삼에 비하여 다양한 종류의 ginsenosides가 함유되어 있다는 것이 판명되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.406-412
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• 1989

Indirect photometric detection of aliphatic compounds such as alcohols, ketones and esters was investigated in high-performance liquid chromatography, These samples possessing nonchromophore or weak chromophore could be indirectly detected by a UV detector with addition of UV absorbing, p-chlorophenol or p-nitrophenol in mobile phase as detection reagent, and submicrogram detection limits were achieved. Some mixtures of samples were also able to be separated and quantitated with good resolution and comparatively high sensitivity under optimum conditions.