• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1997

Stevioside 는 남미 파라과이 원산의 국화와 식물인 Ste-via rebaudiana Bertoni 유래의 천연대체감미료서 식품, 의약품, 주류 산업에 널리 활용되고 있다. 이와 같은 stevio-side 의 구조와 특성, 제조방법, 그리고 사용현황 등을 기술하였으며, 당전이 stevioside의 종류 제조방법을 정리하였다. 본 연구실에서 개발한 생전분을 당공여체로 히용하는 분쇄마찰매체 효소반응계와 팽윤 extrusion 전분을 당공여체로 이용하는 불균일상 효소반응계에서의 stevioside 당전이반응의 특성과 산업적 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 상기 두 종류의 불균일상 효소반응계는 높은 수율, 반응속도, 낮은 maltooligo 당의 축적, 용이한 당전이 stevioside 의 분리정제 등 기존의 액화 전분을 당공여체로 이용하는 반응계에 비하여 많은 장점이 예상되는 산업적 활용 가능성이 높고 고효율 반응계임을 알 수 있었다. 끝으로 stevioside 감미료의 장래 전망에 관하여 예측하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient method for Korean food to make inroads into Paraguay. In-depth interviews with 15 Korean restaurant owners in Asuncion, Paraguay and foodies (food experts) who had experiences with Korean food were conducted. The results are as follows: Paraguay wants to establish economic ties with Korea currently, and economic development is ongoing in Paraguay. The food service industry for the middle class in Paraguay is now in the development stage. There are not many Korean restaurants (currently 15) in Asuncion. First and second generation Korean immigrants are operating these restaurants. It is necessary to provide support for a comprehensive food culture system by developing a menu composition system to meet local tastes, a strategy for improving distribution of Korean food materials, and a plan for sanitary management and operations.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was intended to provide the base of developing countries' Health Partnership Strategy by investigating the Paraguay's awareness level of health and analyzing the actual state. Methods: The data was collected from 11 government employees, 20 hospital staffs, 26 local residents on Asunci$\acute{o} $n, Paraguay in February, 2012. The method of the study was the questionnaires consisting of 62 questions including 7 questions of general features, 3 questions of awareness on maternal health care, child health care, planned parenthood program, 52 questions of awareness on health. The questionnaires was translated into Spanish which is local language in Paraguay. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) The most important awareness on maternal healthcare, child healthcare, planned parenthood program was providing child health care. 2) The most important awareness to prevent non-health behavior was sufficient nutrition. The most important awareness to reduce the rate of chronic disease was diabetes. The most important awareness to eradicate communicable disease was HIV/AIDS. 3) The most important awareness to provide healthcare service was vaccination. 4) The most important awareness on healthcare delivery system was policy. The most important awareness on health education was student's health education. 5) The most important awareness to strength healthcare capacity was developing domestic economy. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that awareness levels on health are high against low health behavior status in Paraguay. But awareness on health can lead to health behavior by healthcare system. Therefore, it has to induce the healthcare network and system by injecting public health funds, infrastructure, human resources on prevention of disease and healthcare management.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2010

In this paper, we tried to investigate the adjusting patterns of production fluctuation of major soybean production countries. In particular, we focus our attention on the trade transmission effect of major soybean production countries on world market. We found that the instability of world market for soybean is likely to be increased mainly due to the production fluctuation and trade transmission effect of major production countries, e.g. Brazil, Paraguay, and Canada. Most of the major production countries have adjusted the production fluctuation through consumption and trade rather than inventory management, and hence the instability of world market for soybean tends to be more instable. Therefore we need to develop the effective policy measures for making domestic soybean market more stable such as a plan for keeping domestic production, a valid inventory management strategy, a use of futures market, and a strategy to diversify import market as a large importing country.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.501-507
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• 1997

Chloroplasts isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves contained an enzyme activity which catalyzed hydroxylation of ent-kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid; ent-KA) to steviol (ent-13-hydroxy kaur-16-en-19-oic acid), the diterpenoid carboxylic alcohol which is the aglycone of sweet stevioside-related glycosides. $[^(14)C]-methylated$ ent-KA was used to localize ent-KA hydroxylase. $[^(14)C]-methyl-KA$ was most actively was transformed into methyl-steviol in chloroplast. The enzymatic activity was found in stroma fraction but not in thylakoid membrane in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. However, ent-KA 13-hydroxylase activity was not detected in stroma fraction of either Spinacia oleracea and Solidago altissima. The reaction products using $[^(14)C]-methyl-KA$ were purified and identified on TLC autoradiogram. The hydroxylation of ent-KA from stromal protein to form steviol required NADPH and oxygen. FAD and riboflavin stimulated the enzyme activity 1.5-and 1.7-fold, respectively. It also turned out that the activity of this enzyme using methyl-KA as a substrate was 16.7% that of ent-KA. The purified ent-KA 13-hydroxylase did not act on t-cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, choline and resorcinol, known as monooxygenase and hydroxylase substrates.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-105
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• 2019

This paper deals with the regional asymmetries of MERCOSUR and regional development cooperation for its solution. Through the formation of a common market, the countries of Southern Cone expected to grow evenly. However MERCOSUR had structural asymmetry from the beginning and exposed policy asymmetry over time. It is basically due to the overwhelming influences of Brazil on MERCOSUR. With regard to asymmetries, Paraguay calls for special and differential treatment. Uruguay wants equitable application of market liberalization. Argentine emphasizes production integration based on the development of value chains. In the issue of asymmetries, while Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentine act as petitioners, Brazil is capable of selecting the initiatives. Under these circumstances MERCOSUR has established FOCEM as regional redistribution mechanism. FOCEM has achieved some results as seen in Paraguay, but there are still problems such as financial limitations and lack of enforcement. In oder to activate the redistributive mechanism for regional integration and to coordinate the policies to resolve regional disparities, transnational governance is essential but all member countries are reluctant to it. To date, regional asymmetries or development gaps have persisted and disparities in individual countries remains a problem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 1999

This paper analyzed vegetation and land use classification, slope and permanent preservation and legal reserves on the farm Jangada and Jamaica-Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using satellite image for assisting the planning of planting Eucalyptus spp. This part of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul represents an important geopolitcal area, since it is located on the borders of Bolivia and Paraguay. Also exportation of goods can be achieved through hydrovias extending to Buenos Aires, Argentina-through the Paraguay River. Also there are road and railroad connection which link the soutreastern part of Brazil to the Andean countries. The vegetation map from sheet SF 21-Campo Grande of the RADAMBRASIL Project was used as the basis for the preliminary interpretation of coverage, and complemented by a visit of the field. After the initial interpretation of the image, definition of classes of use and land occupation were made, and files of spectral signatures were created. On the farms Jamaica and Jangada Open Arboreal Savanna and Grass Savanna are the predominant physiognomies occupying 68% of total area. In spite of the results being satisfactory at the present moment, the development of this project should be revised and adjusted based on the evaluations already made, including a greater detailing of environmental components, principally with respect to soil and topography.