• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2014

Recently, our local governments are conducting the introduction of tram system because it is recognized as an effective public transit that can solve a traffic jam in downtown, decreasing public transit share and environmental issues in world wide cities. We developed the Active Priority Control Strategy to efficiently operate a tram in our existing traffic signal system. This study organized the tram system for operating the Active Priority Signal Control, developed the algorithm that calculates a tram-stop dwell time in order to pass the downstream intersection without a stop. The dwell time is determined by arrival time at tram-stop, downstream signal time, and the location of a opposite tram, it can be reduced by choosing the optimal one among Signal Priority Controls. Using the VISSIM and VISVAP model, we conducted a simulation test for the city of Chang-won that it is expected to install a tram system. It showed that a developed signal control strategy is effective to prevent a tram's stop in intersections, to reduce a tram's travel time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.280-292
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• 2014

A tram has been the focus of a new public transportation that can solve a traffic jam, decreasing of public transit usage and environmental problem in recent years. This study aims to develop a signal optimization model for considering the traffic signal progression of tram and vehicles, when they are operated simultaneously in the same signalized intersections. This research developed the KS-SIGNAL-Tram model to obtain a minimum tram bandwidth and to minimize a vehicle's delay to perform a tram passive signal priority, it is based on the KS-SIGNAL model and is added to the properties of a tram and it's system. We conducted a micro simulation test to evaluate the KS-SIGNAL-Tram model, it showed that the developed optimization model is effective to prevent a tram's stop on intersection, to reduce a tram's travel time and vehicle's delay.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1035-1039
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• 2009

최근 들어 한국철도기술연구원 (KRRI) 에서는 자동운행이 가능한 바이모달 트램 시스템을 개발하고 있다. 이 바이모달 트램 시스템은 노선에 설치된 센서를 자동으로 인식하여 자동 운행을 하며, 재해 발생시 수동으로 운행될 수도 있다. 바이모달 트램 시스템이 노선에 설치된 센서를 인식하여 자동운행을 하기 때문에, 기후패턴 변화에 따른 집중강우로 인해 예기치 않은 홍수 발생시 바이모달 트램 시스템 승객 및 차량의 안전이 확보되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Web GIS 기반의 트램 재해관리 시스템 (Bi-modal Tram Disaster Management System: BTDMS) 프로토타입 버전을 개발하였다. 이 BTDMS 시스템은 US EPA에서 개발한 SWMM 모험을 핵심 엔진으로 활용하여 지표면 유출 및 관거 해석을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 기상청 예측 강우량 자료를 이용하여 실시간 내수침수 예측을 수행할 수 있는 모듈, 지표면 유출수의 흐름을 고려할 수 있는 모듈, 그리고 지역별로 유출심을 산정하여 바이모달 트램 시스템 운행 판단의 기준자료로 활용할 수 있는 모듈을 개발하여 BTDMS에 추가하였다. 이러한 모듈을 이용하여 예측된 자료는 바이모달 트램 시스템의 운행 속도를 늦추거나 우회노선을 선택하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서 개발한 Web GIS 기반의 BTDMS는 2009년 상반기 밀양 지역에 설치될 바이모달 트램 시범지역에 적용되어 그 적용성이 평가될 것이다.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2011

This research proposes new tram signal coordination model, called MAXBAND MILP-Tram for a passive tram signal priority strategy. The proposed model was formulated based on the MAXBAND model that was a traditional arterial signal optimization model. The model could calculate the bandwidth solutions for both general-purpose-lane traffic and median-tram-lane traffic. Lower progression speed are applied for the tram traffic considering lower running speed and dwell time at the stations. A phase sequence procedure determines the green times and left-turn phase sequences for tram traffic in median tram lane. To estimate the performance of the MILP-Tram model, the control delay of trams were estimated using the micro simulation model, VISSIM. The analysis results showed 57 percent decrease of the tram compared to the conventional signal timing model. The delay for car, however, increased 18 percent. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the passive tram signal priority strategy using the offset and phase sequence optimization was effective in reducing the person delay under the congested traffic condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.94-104
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• 2015

Trams are rail vehicles that run on tracks along public, urban streets; they also sometimes run on separate rights of way. Tram vehicles run more efficiently and their overall operating costs are lower than those of similar vehicles. In general, trams provide a higher capacity service than buses. However, when tram stops in the middle of the road do not have pedestrian refuges, trams can cause speed reductions for other transport modes (buses, cars), as in such configurations other traffic cannot pass whilst passengers are alighting from or boarding the tram. In this study we examined the qualifications of overseas tram operation. The Railway Safety Act, sub-laws, and other relevant laws were examined to determine complementary measures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 2019

Since 2000, many local governments have been trying to introduce trams because of the government's failure to adopt environment-friendly policies and light rail. However, there is no service evaluation system that can maintain and enhance tram users' convenience, safety, and comfort during operation. In addition, the tram characteristics are not reflected in the application of the evaluation system of "management and service evaluation for public transportation operators" which is being implemented to railway operators or bus transportation operators. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation criteria of operating service according to tram operation model. First, we reviewed cases related to the evaluation of operating services in roads, buses, railways, and airways. And the evaluation criteria and the evaluation items are presented. This study is expected to help to secure and improve operational service in the operation phase of the tram that will be introduced in the future.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.784-793
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• 2010

The Bimodal Tram is expected to take an important role of transit system in Korea under the national strategy of transportation system such as 'Low Carbon and Green Growth' for the next generation. Recently, many cities are thinking of Bimodal Tram as an alternative transit mode that comes up with the policy of 'Low Carbon and Green Growth'. But, there is no specific manual for introducing Bimodal Tram with various requirement of facility and operation regarding the service level of Bimodal Tram system. This study considered the Bimodal Tram system with three different service level- high, mid, and low- and defined the service elements by facility and operational perspectives. This study is expected to help any cities where transport agencies are trying to introduce the Bimodal Tram with different level of service as a new transit system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.410-420
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• 2014

This research suggests a new tram signal priority model which determines signal timings and tram intersection waiting time using analytical method. This model can calculate the signal timings for Early Green and Green Extension among the active tram signal priority techniques by tram detection time of upstream detector. Moreover, it can determine the tram intersection waiting time that means tram intersection travel time delay from a vantage point of tram travel. Under the active tram signal priority condition, priority phases can bring additional green time from variable green time of non-priority phases. In this study, the signal timing and tram intersection waiting time calculation model was set up using analytical methods. In case studies using an isolated intersection, this study checks tram intersection waiting time ranged 12.7 to 29.4 seconds when variable green times of non-priority phases are 44 to 10 seconds under 120 seconds of cycle length.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1585-1586
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• 2015

국내에서 개발되는 트램은 개발완료와 함께 시운전을 수행하여야 한다. 철도종합시운전을 수행하기 위해서는 시험절차서가 필요하다. 트램 시운전에 따른 위험원을 도출하기 위해 어떠한 방법과 절차를 통해 도출되어야 할 것인지 분석하여 트램의 시험절차서에 반영하고자 한다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2019

This study is a basic study to prepare safety measures for the tram that is being introduced into Korea by reviewing accident analysis and accident compensation system of the tram. Analysis of accident characteristics of the tram was analyzed based on overseas data. Five years after the inauguration of the tram, accidents were halved and stabilized. Deaths accounted for 0.5 % of all casualties, most accidents were minor. Accidents with other mean transportation were high 84.1 %, among them accidents with passenger cars was found to be highest. The frequent points of accidents were analyzed as intersections and tram stop, and measures for pedestrian accidents were found to be important. Those are proposed safety measures through analyzing tram accident characteristics: Monitoring accidents which occur within five years of its inauguration, developing accident database input system, installation of fences for preventing people from jaywalking, operating traffic signal for preventing people from jaywalking through connection of pedestrian signals and tram signals, clamping down on illegal U-turn cars and jaywalking pedestrian, Also, those are proposed accident treatment measures based on general driver receptively and overseas data: property damage liability coverage (PI) of car insurance, comparative negligence when the accident occurs between car and tram.