• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2008

Using a phage peptide library approach, we have isolated a peptide ligand that binds to transferrin receptor on the surface of human melanoma cell, B16F10. The library was first screened twice by recovering internalized phages and was further screened three times by competitively eluting transferrin receptor-specific phages with human transferrin among the phages bound to the cell surface. The peptides displayed by the selected phages were fused to translocation and catalytic domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin to prepare recombinant toxins. After estimating cytotoxicity of each recombinant toxin toward B16F10 cell, seven clones were selected. Sequence analysis revealed that one of the clones displayed a peptide which had a significant sequence homology with human transferrin. The peptide was chemically synthesized and was shown to be functional in delivering cytotoxic agents into B16F10 cell via interaction with transferrin receptor.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2009

Purpose : Limited information is available on experiences of intravenous iron treatment in children. In this study, iron sucrose was administered intravenously to determine its effect, the factors predicting outcome, and safety in children on chronic dialysis. Methods : Twenty-one children whose serum ferritin levels were less than 100 ng/mL or transferrin saturations (TSAT) were less than 20% were enrolled. In 12 children on peritoneal dialysis (PD), the drug was infused intravenously as 200 mg/$m^2$ ($\leq$200 mg) at week 0, 2, 4, and 6. In 9 children on hemodialysis (HD), it was given intravenously as 8 weekly doses of 3 mg/kg ($\leq$100 mg) through week 0-7. Results : After treatment, serum ferritin levels increased significantly in both groups, and TSAT rose significantly in PD group. However, hemoglobin level did not rise significantly in both groups. Children with baseline hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL or baseline TSAT less than 20% showed significantly higher rise of hemoglobin after intravenous iron treatment. To the contrary, those with higher baseline hemoglobin and TSAT levels displayed higher rise in serum ferritin after the treatment. Although no serious adverse event occurred, TSAT levels exceeding 50% were noted in 6 patients in PD group. Conclusion : This suggests that 3 mg/kg/week of intravenous iron sucrose can be used safely in children on chronic HD, but 200 mg/$m^2$ every other week may incur excessive TSAT level in some patients on chronic PD.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2005

Lactoferrin is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. It is originally found in milk. In addition to its antibacterial and antiviral activities, lactoferrin has many other biological functions include anti-inflammatory properties, antitumor, cell growth-promoting activity as well as antioxidant effect In the present study, we report the production of recombinant bovine lactoferrin and lactoferrin N-lobe in the Rhodococcus erythropolis (R erythropolis) using pTip vector. The expression level was investigated in various range of temperature, and we could successfully expressed the bovine lactoferrin and lactoferrin N-lobe in R erythropolis at low temperature. The recombinant proteins were purified by Nickel-Nitrolotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA). The purified proteins were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot, which indicating that the recombinant proteins have a molecular weight of 80kDa and 43kDa for bovine lactoferrin and lactoferrin N-lobe, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2007

Objectives:Recent studies have raised the possibility that nerve growth factor(NGF) is abnormally regulated in the central nervous system(CNS) of animal models with alcohol dependence. The possible alteration of NGF by prolonged alcohol intake may play an important role in alcohol-induced neurotoxicity. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin(CDT) is regarded as a reliable biological marker of alcohol dependence. The goal of this study was to estimate the changes of %CDT and serum NGF level according to the duration of alcohol abstinence, and to identify whether %CDT level is associated with the serum NGF level in the patients with alcohol dependence. Methods:The subjects were 24 patients with alcohol dependence. We used the Axis-Shield ASA to measure the %CDT level and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) to measure the serum NGF level. %CDT and NGF levels were measured immediately after the admission and at 2 weeks after the admission. Results:Decreased %CDT were observed during the period of 2 weeks after the admission. NGF level was not significantly different after 2 weeks. The NGF levels were not correlated with %CDT. The possibility of %CDT as a predictor of alcohol-induced neurotoxicity was not confirmed. Conclusion:Serum NGF levels is not a reliable indicator of abstinence state in the patients with alcohol dependence. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relation between two indicators in regard to hematological and neurological changes in alcohol dependence.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 2017

Objectives This study sought to investigate the relationship between age, sex and alterations in levels of % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in patients admitted with alcohol dependence. Methods The study retrospectively enrolled 187 patients who were diagnosed with alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth edition (DSM-IV) and were admitted into a closed ward in Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital from 2009 to 2012 and Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Demographic factors (age, sex) and biochemical markers [%CDT, GGT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT)] were collected by reviewing medical records. Alterations in the levels of %CDT and GGT in different groups for each demographic factor were compared after correcting for confounding variables (age, initial %CDT, GGT, MCV, AST, ALT). Results Decreased %CDT and GGT were observed during the period of abstinence after admission. The normalization period for %CDT increased with age, while the normalization period for GGT was longer in female patients. Conclusions These results suggest that alcohol-dependent patients that vary in age have different alterations in %CDT, while different sexes have different alterations in GGT. Age and sex can be potential indicators of treatment response after abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between these factors with regards to physiological and hematological changes in alcohol dependence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.33-34
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• 2004

Effect of dietary 2.0 % brown seaweed(Undaria pinnatifida) with bean extract on anti-oxidant system and TNF-$\alpha$ levels were evaluated in blood of 2 week-old broiler chicks activated innate immune response. Dietary brown seaweed and activation of innate immune response decreased MnSOD activities. while activation of innate immune reponse only increased CuZnSOD activities in erythrocyte cytosol. Activation of innate immune response lowered plasma SOD activity in birds fed seaweed with bean extract, increased peroxide levels, and decreased peroxidase activity in plasma. Brown seaweed with bean extract reduced TNF-$\alpha$ levels and increased ovotransferrins concentrations in plasma. The result indicated that dietary 2.0 % brown seaweed with bean extract affect innate immune response changing anti-oxidant system and TNF-$\alpha$ levels in broiler chicks.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 2009

Purpose : The concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is estimated as an iron parameter to evaluate erythropoiesis and iron status. The aim of our study is to evaluate the correlation between sTfR concentration and inflammatory parameters and to distinguish iron deficiency anemia from anemia of inflammation. Methods : One hundred and forty-four infants younger than two years of age who visited Gyeongsang University Hospital for 7 years from 2000 to 2006 were enrolled. Patients who had hemoglobin (Hb) <11 g/dL and ferritin <12 mg/L were excluded. Routine hematologic lab, serum ferritin, sTfR, and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and absolute neutrophil count (ANC)] were investigated. Results : In all patients, the sTfR concentration showed a correlation with Hb, ferritin, MCV, and ANC, but not with CRP and IL-6. In multiple regression models, positive correlations were found between sTfR concentration and IL-6 (r=0.078, P=0.043), and negative correlations were found between sTfR concentration and ANC (r=-0.117, P=0.033) and MCV (r=-0.027, P=0.009). Conclusion : sTfR concentration was influenced by inflammatory parameters. Therefore, sTfR does not appear to be a useful parameter for discriminating between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation in infants.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.380-386
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• 2008

Quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor has a capacity to perform a label-free and real time detection of a trace amount of analyte through the specific interaction between antibody and antigen. However, immobilization of antibody molecules on the sensor surface is a troublesome procedure for researchers who are not experienced in chemistry. Protein G has a specific affinity to antibody and would serve as a capturing agent for antibody when immobilized on the sensor surface. In this work, we prepared a protein G sensor chip by immobilizing protein G on the surface of quartz crystal microbalance and examined its capability to detect human haptoglobin or human transferrin with unpurified corresponding antiserum. Specific and dose dependent response was observed when the protein G chip was used for detection of antigens after saturated with antiserum. We also verified several advantageous aspects of the protein G chip such as improved flexibility and sensitivity.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2006

Objectives : Biochemical markers can provide an objective evidence of heavy alcohol drinking. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the usefulness of biological markers detecting alcohol dependence, such as mean corpuscular volume(MCV), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT), and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin(CDT) in the patients of an alcohol counseling center. Methods : This study was done with 64 patients with alcohol dependence and 36 healthy subjects. Relative values(%) of CDT were determined in their sera with turbidimetric immunoassay(Bio-Rad %CDT assay, Axis-Shield ASA, Oslo, Norway), and were compared with conventional markers of alcohol consumption, GGT and MCV. Results : Among the patients with alcohol dependence, 78.1% showed abnormal %CDT levels compared with GGT(61.9%) and MCV(20.7%). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves(95% confidence interval) for %CDT, GGT, and MCV were 0.934(0.866-0.973), 0.871(0.789-0.930), and 0.575 (0.472-0.673), respectively. Conclusion : %CDT seems to be the most reliable biological marker for the detection and monitoring of alcohol consumption in the patients with alcohol dependence of the alcohol counseling center.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2024

Serotransferrin cDNA from the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii was isolated and its expression patterns during early life intervals were characterized. It contained an ORF encoding a 708-aa-long polypeptide, including a 19-aa signal peptide. Bioinfomatic analysis and 3D modeling indicated a typical bi-lobal structure with conserved iron-coordinating residues. During embryonic development, the potential transition of maternally provisioned transcripts to zygotically de novo transcribed ones occurred around blastula stage. The transferrin mRNA levels peaked at stages responsible for pronephros, heart and erythropoietic component differentiation. After hatching, the transferrin mRNA expression gradually increased at early ontogenic phases (0 to 3 DPH) corresponding to the periods in which prolarvae exhibited increased blood circulation and liver differentiation. The expression decreased at subsequent stages in which prolarvae exhibited benthic movement. The tissue distribution assay indicated liver-predominant expression at fingerling stage. From the microinjection-based challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila at day-0 and day-7, the transcriptional response was modulated toward upregulation, in which the amounts induced at 6, 12 and 24 HPI were greater in prolarvae injected at day-7 than at day-0. Therefore, transferrin plays important roles in both early development and host protective responses to pathogens in the Siberian sturgeon.