• 건강소식
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.32-33
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• 2012

트라우마(trauma)는 외상 후 스트레스 장애다. 극단적인 트라우마의 기억은 그 당시에 경험했던 생생한 감정이나 신체 감각의 잔재가 뇌 안의 신경 회로에 그대로 남아 있다가 일상생활에서 사소한 자극에 의해 그대로 폭발 되어 나온다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.219-246
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a substantive theory that understand the burnout and secondary traumatic stress experience of social workers who worked in the trauma centers. This research was conducted by Grounded Theory. The result is as follow: In the initial coding, 159 units of mean, 47 subcategories, and 12 main categories. The central phenomenon of the initial coding was 'the wounded existence.' In the focused coding, the core category was 'seeking to recover professional identity as a social worker.' In the theoretical coding, the burnout and secondary traumatic stress experience of social workers who worked in the trauma centers were classified as four phases;'Commitment to the mission', 'Conflict', 'Stagnant' and 'Disruption'. Based on the findings, the preparation for the disaster social work practice, the perspective on "social healing" of trauma, and the necessity of the mandatory policy or intervention for social workers self-care were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-33
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• 2024

This study analyzed the experiences of victims of state violence, discovered differences between state violence and general trauma, and proposed ways to help heal trauma. Participants were composed of state violence victims and their families in total, including 11 from the Jeju 43 Incident, 11 from the Yeos u·Sunchoen 10.19 Incident and 6 form May 18th Democratic Uprising. As a result of using the grounded theory to analyze data, a total of 170 concepts, 57 subcategories, and 20 categories were derived. The central phenomenon was direct damage caused by state violence. This included 'post-traumatic stress', 'social stigma', 'isolation from community', 'socio-economical issues' and 'family dissolution'. As a result of the process analysis, the participants experienced six phases: 'trauma', 'isolation', 'resistance', 'resignation', 'recovery', and 'growth.' Each phase is sequential but at the time mutually affect each other. Based on the results, this study verified the difference between state violence and general trauma, and emphasized social and cultural factors, such as community support, were important factors in healing state violence trauma. Besides, the implications and limitations as well as suggestions for future research were mentioned.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.117-131
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• 2014

This study aims to explore the reexperience of trauma caused by experience of discrimination and stigma from South Korean. For this purpose of this study, focus group interview methods are used. The participants are five women who escaped from North Korea and they were from 20s to 50s. From the outcomes of this study, I find out that they had experienced to put in prison, to let arrest to let human traffic, and sexual or physical assault. Now they have PTSD(Post Trauma Stress Symptom) of nightmare related with past trauma, avoidance of interpersonal relationships and similar situations, and retrospection and memorization of negative experiences. In that situation, they also have experienced discrimination caused by lack of understanding of their suffering in South Korea. And almost of them suffer from poor situation economically and physically. Participants regret their entry to South Korea and perceive that their hope has gone. And they have anger of Korean's discrimination and stigma and they feel suicide impulse after experiencing very difficult situation. These negative experiences affect their PTSD and make reemergence of trauma experience. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study are discussed and I proposed the practical suggestions which have affected decreasing the PTSD.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and job related factors as risk factors for mental health of firefighters. Methods : The data of 202 fire-fighters was analyzed by using a multinomial logistic regression analysis. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires including demographics (sex, age, work duration), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Colleague related traumatic events, the Korean occupational stress scale, the Korean Perceived Stress Scale-10, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants were divided into three groups according to the level of stress and depressive symptom scores: Low Stress-Low Depression (LS-LD), High Stress-Low Depression (HS-LD), and High Stress-High Depression (HS-HD). Results : A job related factor-organizational injustice-was a significant factor related to HS-LD, while individual factors such as active coping level and childhood trauma experience and a job related factor-difficult physical environment-were significantly associated with HS-HD. Conclusion : These results imply the need to take both individual and environmental approaches into account when managing the stress and depression of firefighters. More specifically, psycho-education to facilitate active coping strategy and adaptive emotional regulation at the individual level and the improvement of physical work environment of firefighters should be supported.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.297-305
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• 2013

This thesis is a result of a study of the treatment course of post traumatic stress disorder because of the historical incident which is described in the novel, Uncle Suni by Hyun Ki-young. Uncle Suni survived the massacre which happened during the 4.3 Incident in Jeju Island. However, living a buried life, she suffers a historical trauma. To cure her disorder, she had to know the cause of her illness, such as auditory hallucination, mysophobia, etc. The author describes that kinds of patients should be ensured to get help not only in duty of the society but of the country and that historical justice should stand right. Uncle Suni reexperienced the incident when she happened to discover 'the white bones' and 'the lead bullets' while she was working in her 'Ohmpang field'. To cure her illness, she needed to confess her guilt that she had escaped from the massacre, and deep appreciation about the incident, which means she had to testify, and in the course of the testimony, she had to confess her inner feelings. To solve the historical trauma, there should be a recovery of connection between the patient and the society. The course of treatment should go from the patient herself to the realm of the society through which the patient, Uncle Suni can reach the recovery.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to investigate the predisposing factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in fire fighters in Korea and to suggest the program development and solution to the critical incident stress management (CISM) in the future. PTSD is characterized by invasion, withdrawal, negative change of cognition and mood, and hypersensitivity. Trauma memory includes explicit memory and implicit memory. The explicit memory is conscious, cognitive, and descriptive and is controlled by hippocampus. The data of explicit memory have inhibitive and narrative language structure. The implicit memory is inconscious, emotional, and remembered by the body. The implicit memory is controlled by amygdala and has inexpressive language structure. The deletion of implicit memory is the key point to trauma treatment. Critical incident stress management (CISM) is the approach for the solution of PTSD. In conclusion, the essential goal of CISM is the psychological cessation of PTSD. This study tried to suggest the education program development of PTSD.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational stress and depression, as it is seen to be corresponding with the work characteristics of local government officials. Methods : The data of 671 local government officials who participated in this study from July to December 2015 as a part of an occupational stress management program, were analyzed retrospectively in this study. Likewise, the participants completed questionnaires, including a short form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) the results of which were evaluated and reviewed. Results : The study noted that the subscales of occupational stress related to depression were varied, according to the work characteristics of the participants, after adjusting for age and job grade. It was found that the participant's variables of job insecurity, lack of reward, organizational system and occupational climate were significantly related to the development of a depressed mood in the participant in a general sense. Notably, the factor of interpersonal conflict was significantly related to depressed mood among the general administrative group; meanwhile, lack of reward in the welfare group and insufficient job control in the technical group were significantly associated with the likelihood of developing a depressed mood in participants reviewed. In the operation and maintenance of facilities group, job insecurity was significantly related with depressed mood, whereas job demand was related more with the incidence of depression in the field work group. Conclusion : This study revealed that the influence of occupational stress on depression varied according to the occupational characteristics experienced by the participants in the work environment. These findings may be used to enhance the occupational stress management program for local government officials according to their work characteristics, to bring awareness to this issue.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.134-145
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• 2015

It has been 1 year since Sewol Ferry disaster occurred in the Gwanmaedo sea of Jindo, Jeollanamdo, on Apr. 16, 2014. The Sewol Ferry Disaster which took 304 lives and had some victims still missed has become the largest tragic accident in Korea since 2010. Although one year has passed since the disaster, there is no psychological communication research on the trauma of the victims' families. This study first investigated the actual state of the Sewol Ferry victims' parents suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after their losses of children by the disaster. This study revealed that the victims' families suffer from physical and psychological the PTSD but neglect treatment. The PTSD still influences their daily life. It was observed that the victims' families have a lot of difficulties with interpersonal relationship, relationship with co-workers, residence, values, and other kinds of daily life. Given that the victims' families have a great deal of PTSD after the disaster, the academic circle needs to make discussions of the issue actively in order to heal the pains of the Sewol Ferry victims' families who are unattended in our society.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.334-346
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• 2022

Purpose: This survey was conducted to investigate the level of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related peritraumatic distress and job stress among clinical nurses and evaluate their effects on nursing performance. Methods: The participants were 115 nurses from 5 hospitals in 3 regions in Korea. The peritraumatic distress index (PDI), job stress, and nursing performance scales were used for the analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The level of peritraumatic distress of nurses was scored at 22.8 ± 9.26 (range 0 to 45). The level of job stress was scored at 2.69 ± 0.51 (range 1.3 to 3.7). The level of nursing performance was scored at 3.73 ± 0.51(range 1.76 to 5.0). Peritraumatic distress was observed to be positively correlated with job stress (r=.408, p<.001). However, peritraumatic distress and job stress were not correlated with nursing performance. In multivariate regression, the only variable seen to affect nursing performance was the work experience of the nurses. Work experience levels of five to fifteen years were observed to have a significant positive effect on nursing performance. Conclusion: The work experience of nurses directly influenced nursing performance during the pandemic period. Thus, to retain more nurses and to improve nursing performance, it would be necessary to develop various strategies to decrease their peritraumatic distress and job stress caused by the pandemic.