• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2010

Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) is an extension of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for measurement of flows spanning large areas in laboratory or field conditions. LSPIV is composed of six elements - seeding, illumination, recording, image transformation, image processing, postprocessing - based on PIV. Possible error elements at each step of Mobile LSPIV (MLSPIV), which is a mobile version of LSPIV, in field applications are identified and summarized the effect of the errors which were quantified in the previous studies. The total number of elemental errors is 27, and five error sources were evaluated previously, seven elemental errors are not effective to the current MLSPIV system. Among 15 elemental errors, four errors - sampling time, image resolution, tracer, and wind - are investigated through an experiment at a laboratory to figure out how those errors affect to velocity calculation. The analysis to figure out the effect of the number of images used for image processing on the velocity calculation error shows that if over 50 images or more are used, the error due to it goes below 1 %. The effect of the image resolution on velocity calculation was investigated through various image resolution using digital camera. Low resolution image set made 3 % of velocity calculation error comparing with high resolution image set as a reference. For the effect of tracers and wind, the wind effect on tracer is decreasing remarkably with increasing the flume bulk velocity. To minimize the velocity evaluation error due to wind, tracers with high specific gravity is favorable.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.517-524
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• 2003

There have been worldwide research and development efforts to automate various processes of bio-production and those efforts will be expanded with priority given to tasks which require high intensive labor or produce high value-added product and tasks under hostile environment. In the field of bio-production capabilities of the versatility and robustness of automated system have been major bottlenecks along with economical efficiency. This paper introduces a new concept of automation based on tole-operation, which can provide solutions to overcome inherent difficulties in automating bio-production processes. Operator(farmer), computer, and automatic machinery share their roles utilizing their maximum merits to accomplish given tasks successfully. Among processes of greenhouse watermelon cultivation tasks such as pruning, watering, pesticide application, and harvest with loading were chosen based on the required labor intensiveness and functional similarities to realize the proposed concept. The developed system was composed of 5 major hardware modules such as wireless remote monitoring and task control module, wireless remote image acquisition and data transmission module, gantry system equipped with 4 d.o.f. Cartesian type robotic manipulator, exchangeable modular type end-effectors, and guided watermelon loading and storage module. The system was operated through the graphic user interface using touch screen monitor and wireless data communication among operator, computer, and machine. The proposed system showed practical and feasible way of automation in the field of volatile bio-production process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 1997

We measured the variance of eddy diffusion and associated ‘diffusion coefficients’ in coastal regions of Korea by observing the separation distances among multiple drifters deployed simultaneously at the same initial position. The variance of eddy diffusion was found to be proportional to $t^m$, where t is the time and m is a non-integer scaling exponent between 1.5 and 3.5. The observed scaling exponent of eddy diffusion cannot be reproduced by diffusion models employing constant eddy diffusivity. In this study, we applied fractal theory in simulating exponential increase of variance of eddy diffusion. We employed the fGn(fractional Gaussian noise) as a ‘modified’ random walks corresponding to the oceanic eddy diffusion. The variance of eddy diffusion, which corresponds to the fBm(fractional Brown motion) of our diffusion model, is proportional to $t^{2H}$, where H is Hurst scaling exponent. The temporal increase of the variance. with scaling exponent between 1 and 2, was successfully reproduced by our fractal diffusion model. However, our model cannot reproduce scaling exponent greater than 2. The scaling exponents greater than 2 are associated with the velocity shear of the mean flow.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.517-519
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to find out the effects of heat conservation materials (burying in soil, lagging, lagging +straw, nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric+straw) on freezing damage, labor saving, and crown gall occurrence of 'Kyoho' grapes. Temperature differences in burying in soil and lagging with $2.8^{\circ}C$ and $6.4^{\circ}C$, respectively and were considered favorable for over-wintering of grapevines. Heat conservation index in lagging +straw and burying in soil calculated from degree-hours below $-10^{\circ}C$ was 5 to 7 times higher than that of open field. Budbreak started earlier in lagging with+straw and nonwoven fabric+straw covering, and percent budbreak was increased by 22% and 7%, respectively, as well as higher than burying in soil. Diameter of bearing mother branch and length of internode and daughter branch were gross or long with soil and lagging straw and nonwoven fabric+straw. Cane growth was enhanced by burying in soil and lagging with+straw treatment. Crown gall occured higher in soil covered grape vines Labor saving was obtained in lagging with as much as 44% compared to burying in soil.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 1998

To analyse the management and production of medicinal crops in Uisong region, cultural conditions and standard income of 147 farms were investigated. Location quotient of medicinal crops cultivated was high as following order ; Paeonia lactiflora > Cornus ofidnalis> Bupleurm falcatum > Anemarhena asphodeloides > Rehmannia glutinosa > Eucommia ulmoides > Paeonia suffruticosa > Angelica dahurica. The average cultivated area per farm was 1.92ha : 1.35ha of upland field, 0.56ha of paddy field. Distribution of agricultural land in each farm was average 10.2 fields in 3.1 locations. Ratio of labor input in the medicinal plant sector was 31.1 %. The number of medicinal crops cultivated was 36 species among 147 farms and 2.4 species per farm. Among the cultivated medicinal plant, peony (Paeonia lactiflora) was the most popular medicinal plant, which was cultivated in 30.72ha of 85 farms. Income from medicinal plants was high in order of Carthamus tinctorius, Polygonatum stenophyllum, Angelica genuilexa. Medicinal crops should be selected based on farm condition, risk level and price settlement in order to maximize productivity and income.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 1990

In order to find out the most favorable shape and structure of pot for conger eel, Astroconger myriaster(Brevoort), the box type, tube type and flat box type of net pots and the pipe type of plastic pot were prepared. Then, the ability of the pots attracting the eel into them were investigated through a tank experiment. The attracting ability was highest in the pipe type without distinction of its length, 50cm and 60cm. In the flat box type, the effective height of pot and the diameter of entrance tip turned out 5cm respectively. But the ability was very poor in the rest pots, especially in the tube type. Thus, the pipe type and flat box type of pots were employed again in a field experiment for comparing their catches with those of the conventional bamboo and plastic pots. In the experiment, the catches were the most in the pipe type and second in the flat box type. But the bamboo and plastic pots both produced comparatively low catches, showing no significant difference between them. It was therefore concluded that the pipe type of pot might be the most favorable one for catching the conger eel.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.291-311
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• 2014

This research is to understand young children ontologically by examining features of young children in the picture books for the early childhood. For the purpose, under the consultation with a picture book specialist and three level process of selection, 4 picture books were chosen as analytic objects. The study questions is as follows. What is ontological understandings on young children throughout picture books for the early childhood? Under this purpose the books chosen were John Burningham's , David Wiesner's , Hina Back's , Peter Sis's . The books went through dramaturgical coding and were thematised based on the theories of ontological phenomenology. Study results show that young child-being appearing in the picture-books are thematised as 'multi layered being with Ntwurf and Geworfenheit(Aldo)', 'responsible being risen above greed(Plotsam)', 'reflective being on face of others(Fairy of Jangsutang)', 'being who encourages educational response of adults.(Madlenka's Dog)' These results revealed that young child-being have features not different from (multi layered aspect of being), unique from(encouraging educational response), and beyond adult-being(responsibility and response towards others). Despite several limitations, this study helped understand the young children ontologically by revealing that they, not only as developmental beings with imperfection, dependence, and immaturity but as multi layered and requesting, responsible being, having the same features as adults and, at times, rise above adult-being.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.219-246
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• 2017

Nuclear issue is a good example showing globalization of the international regime. The history showed nuclear weapons may cause the extinction of human races when the first nuclear bombs fell down to Japan in August, 1945 and people became increasingly eager to achieve peace. Military buildup for national security is a matter of existence in the international society. However, disarmament or arms control to secure international peace and safety which is also the purpose of the Charter of the United Nations may be the most important task for us to realize peace of the mankind. Today, disarmament, together with amicable settlement of international conflicts and collective security system, is an important means to maintain and promote international peace and safety. It might be our permanent task to realize complete disarmament but, as the Preamble of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) expressed general and complete disarmament, the international society has clarified its effort for complete disarmament. Thus, taking a look into the international regime on the nuclear issue and progress related to the nuclear issue in North Korea, the study was intended to introduce the globalization of the nuclear issue, review the international effort for nuclear disarmament based on the concept of the 'common heritage of the mankind' and with respect to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) and controls over nuclear weapons, and then evaluate the North Korean nuclear issue, which is in direct relation with South Korea and international laws, in terms of the space law and disarmament acts. The collective security system along with policies to prevent dissemination of nuclear weapons should also be emphasized and implemented to cope with the North Korean nuclear issue.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.479-485
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• 2002

본 연구는 초음파를 이용하여 한우도체의 연도를 비파괴적이며 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하기 위해서 수행되었다. 한우도체 연도 측정 시스템은 크게 초음파 측정장치, 자동 탐촉자 수직이동장치, 데이터 획득 및 분석장치로 구성되었는데 초음파 측정장치는 초음파 pulser/receiver 및 탐촉자, 자동 탐촉자 이동장치는 상하운동부, 구동부, 제어부, 데이터 획득 및 분석장치는 digitizer, Labview 5.1을 사용하여 구성되었다. 통합된 시스템을 이용하여 획득된 도체의 초음파 신호를 분석하기 위해 1.0~1.1 MHz의 bandpass filtering을 거쳐 hilbert 변환을 이용, envelope를 구할 수 있었으며 탐촉자와 도체의 최적 접촉 위치를 결정하기 위하여 3단계로 나누어 신호분석을 실시하였다. 시료의 개수는 40개였으며 획득된 envelope를 FFT 변환 후 PLS, PCR 분석을 수행한 결과 7단계의 PCR 분석에서 $R^2$= 0.6474의 유의성 있는 결과를 나타내었으므로 최적 접촉 위치로 결정하였다. 최적 접촉 위치를 통해 시료 80개의 추가 실험을 실시한 결과 PCR 분석에서 $R^2$= 0.4304의 결과를 나타내었으며 이를 이용, 도체의 연도를 측정하는 프로그램을 개발하고 최종 통합 시스템을 구축하였다. 본 한우도체 연도 측정 시스템의 개발을 통해 한우도체의 전단력을 예측하여 연도를 객관적으로 판정 가능할 것으로 생각되며 또한 사이즈의 확대로 도축장에 설치하는 설비로서 가능할 것이라 사료된다. 그러나 추후 좀 더 세밀한 측정과 결과의 보완을 위한 분석방법의 개선에 관한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 사용해 설계된 장치를 사용자가 쉽게 제작할 수 있도록 하였다. 공정설계프로그램을 통해 설계된 공정은 데이터베이스에 저장이 되며 장치설계프로그램에서 쉽게 이전에 설계했던 공정을 이용할 수 있도록 하여 공정 설계와 장치설계를 연계하도록 하였다.동투하시간과 비용 -종자준비부터 통마늘선별까지의 일관기계화로 투입된 주요작업의 노력은 75∼76%가 절감되고, 재배규모 3ha기준시 비용은 44-53%절감되었음. the annealing texture. Observations by TEM and EBSD revealed the formation of very fine grains of ∼1.0$\mu\textrm{m}$ after CCSS.he dislocations form local defect arrangements at the grooves permitting the substantial reduction in defect density over the remainder of the interfacial area.한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.min/+}$계

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.263-268
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• 2002

본 연구는 고추분쇄용 세라믹 롤 분쇄기를 이용하여 고춧가루 생산시, 분쇄효율을 향상시키고자 기존의 롤 분쇄속도 40rpm(0.352m/s)에서 80rpm(0.704%)으로 증가시키고, 기존의 롤 회전비 2:1에서 5:1로 증가시켜 고추분쇄시 전단력 증가로 분쇄능을 향상시켰고, 연구 내용의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 세라믹치형롤 분쇄속도 40rpm(0.352m/s)에서는 롤 회전비 2:1에서 1,190$\mu\textrm{m}$ 입자가 32.7%, 590$\mu\textrm{m}$ 입자가 19.7%였고, 롤 회전비를 5:1로 증가시 590$\mu\textrm{m}$ 입자가 30.9%, 420$\mu\textrm{m}$ 입자가 17.2%로 중간 미분쇄 영역의 분포가 증가하여 미분쇄 효율이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 2. 분쇄물의 롤 통과횟수에 따른 분쇄능은 세라믹치형롤 모두 분쇄속도 80rpm(0.704m/s)에서 분쇄물의 미분쇄능이 향상되었고, 분쇄생성물의 임계처리 횟수가 3~4차임을 분석할 수 있었다. 3. 보통 고춧가루를 생산하는데 분쇄속도 40rpm(0.352m/s), 80rpm(0.704m/s), 두 롤의 회전비 2:1, 3:1, 4:1하에서는 생산되지 않았으나, 롤 회전비 5:1에서는 분쇄속도 40rpm(0.352m/s)일 경우 7차 분쇄후에, 분쇄속도 80rpm(0.704m/s)일 경우 5차분쇄후에 생성되어 분쇄처리횟수가 2회정도 단축되어 전단력 증가로 인하여 분쇄능이 향상된 것으로 분석되었다. 4. 기존의 고춧가루 분쇄조건인 분쇄속도 40rpm(0.352m/s), 롤 회전비 2:1보다 본 연구에서 개발한 분쇄속도 80rpm(0.704m/s), 롤 회전비 5:1인 분쇄조건이, 분쇄처리 횟수 단축 등이 분석됨으로서 섬유질이 많이 포함된 고춧가루 등의 재료가공 분쇄기술이 향상된 것으로 분석되었다.. 마늘재배 일관기계화에 의한 노동투하시간과 비용 -종자준비부터 통마늘선별까지의 일관기계화로 투입된 주요작업의 노력은 75∼76%가 절감되고, 재배규모 3ha기준시 비용은 44-53%절감되었음. the annealing texture. Observations by TEM and EBSD revealed the formation of very fine grains of ∼1.0$\mu\textrm{m}$ after CCSS.he dislocations form local defect arrangements at the grooves permitting the substantial reduction in defect density over the remainder of the interfacial area.한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투여한 대조군은 1.40$\pm$0.24(100%)에 비하여 I3C 저농도 투여 실험군(Group 1; 0.85$\pm$0.23; 61%, P<0.01), 그리고 I3C 고농도 투여 실험군(Group 2 ; 1.32$\pm$0.29 ; 94%)의 순으로 감소하였다. 선종의 크기별 종양의 발생개수의