• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

It is necessary to develop an integration model which can account for various data acquired at different measurement scales in environmental thematic mapping with high-resolution ground survey data and relatively low-resolution remote sensing data. This paper presents and applies a multi-scale geostatistical methodology for downscaling of thematic maps generated from lowresolution remote sensing data. This methodology extends a traditional ordinary kriging system to a block kriging system which can account for both ground data and remote sensing data which can be regarded as point and block data, respectively. In addition, stochastic simulation based on block kriging is also applied to describe spatial uncertainty attached to the downscaling. Two downscaling experiments including SRTM DEM and MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI) products were carried out to illustrate the applicability of the geostatistical methodology. Through the experiments, multi-scale geostatistics based on block kriging successfully generated relatively high-resolution thematic maps with reliable accuracy. Especially, it is expected that multiple realizations generated from simulation would be effectively used as input data for investigating the effects of uncertain input data on GIS model outputs.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.121-150
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• 2016

This study is to examine how a person's sense is changing in the process of gambling addiction and recovery. For this purpose, the ten of gambling abstinences were purposefully selected for intensive depth interviews. The data collected by thess interviews were analysed by Giorgi's(1970; 1985) phenomenological method. Meaningful units were categorized into 18 'emerging themes', and integrated by the total of 6 'essential themes' considering the interrelations of the emerging themes. Major findings of the study are as follows. Firstly, participants of this study lost their general senses in the addiction process by focusing on specific senses such as seeing and hearing. Secondly, participants have begun to regain the lost senses in the process of recovery, even though going through the 'pains of withdrawal'. Thirdly, the participants' experiences of recovery could be summarized as 'a recovery process of the general senses lost by gambling'. Based upon these findings, some suggestions for helping practice were proposed such as 'provision of informations about senses', 'program development of sense stimulation', and 'application of sense recovery training'.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.90-101
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop pre-engineering educational program model based on STEM integration approach. To accomplish this purpose literature review and content validity ratio survey were carried out. The main results of this study were as follows: First, the conceptual model of STEM integration approach was constituted. Second, the conceptual model of pre-engineering educational program model based on STEM integration approach was proposed. Third, the formation steps of inquiry project activity, problem solving activity, and creative engineering design activity were developed to structure the educational program.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 2006

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of discourse topic and morpho-syntactic verbal information on the resolution of null pronouns in the Korean narrative text within the framework of the construction-integration theory (Kintsch, 1988, Singer & Kintsch, 2001, Graesser, Gernsbacher, & Goldman. 2003). For the purpose of this paper, two conditions were designed: an explicit condition with both a consistently maintained discourse topic and the person-specific verb modals on one hand, and a neutral condition with no discourse topic or morpho-syntactic information provided, on the other. We measured the reading tines far the target sentence containing a null pronoun and the question response times for finding an antecedent, and the accuracy rates for finding an antecedent. During the experiments each passage was presented at a tine on a computer-controlled display. Each new sentence was presented on the screen at the moment the participant pressed the button on the computer keyboard. Main findings indicate that processing is facilitated by macro-structure (topicality) in conjunction with micro-structure (morpho-syntax) in pronoun interpretation. It is speculated that global processing alone may not be able to determine which potential antecedent is to be focused unless aided by lexical information. It is argued that the results largely support the resonance-based model, but not the minimalist hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.794-806
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• 2020

This study was conducted in order to attain an in-depth understanding of and describe the Ego-Integrity Phenomenon of the elderly of age 65 and older. The data was collected from June 2020 to July 2020 as an in-depth interview consisting of semi-structured questions. The data was analyzed using the Colaizzi's method, one of the phenomenology methods. All interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis. Through analysis, 309 significant statements were extracted, and 88 formulations of meaning, 53 themes, 16 theme clusters, and 5 categories were derived. The categories and the theme clusters are as such : 'reflecting on the past life with delight' ('fruitfulness over the lifetime', 'achieving through fulfilling responsibilities', 'achieved specially and gratefully'), 'Currently lonely and distressed due to the bitter old days' ('Physical health needs and psychosocial needs are not met', 'Wasn't able to make good choices for parents and children', 'Elderly life is not easy'), 'Satisfaction from enduring tough and difficult journeys in life' ('Compensated for hard work at workplace and home', 'Problem solved through endurance and overcoming', 'Living a healthy elderly life by escaping from the habits of the past'), 'Realizing the way of life as an elderly' ('Now is the best and most satisfying moment', 'Managing self in old age', 'Living passionately, though it may be late', 'Retiring from the forefront of life with an abundant heart'), 'Passing on beautifully' ('Desires toward the later years', 'Hope during the last moments', 'Appearance and emotions when death approaches'). It was observed that during the Ego-Integrity Phenomenon of the elderly, they have come to discern the meaning of life by reminiscing the regrets and difficulties of the past, and through this reminiscence, they have come to attain a positive and transcendental hope for the rest of their lives. The Ego-Integrity of the elderly appeared to be subjective, dynamic, and occurring simultaneously rather than continuously. It is recommended to develop a variety of nursing interventions while taking into consideration the age and the type of experience of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 1999

Spatial data integration using multiple geo-based data sets has been regarded as one of the primary GIS application issues. As for this issue, several integration schemes have been developed as the perspectives of mathematical geology or geo-mathematics. However, research-based approaches for statistical/quantitative assessments between integrated layer and input layers are not fully considered yet. Related to this niche point, in this study, spatial data integration using multiple geoscientific data sets by known integration algorithms was primarily performed. For spatial integration by using raster-based GIS functionality, geological, geochemical, geophysical data sets, DEM-driven data sets and remotely sensed imagery data sets from the Ogdong area were utilized for geological thematic mapping related by mineral potential mapping. In addition, statistical/quantitative information extraction with respective to relationships among used data sets and/or between each data set and integrated layer was carried out, with the scope of multiple data fusion and schematic statistical assessment methodology. As for the spatial integration scheme, certainty factor (CF) estimation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied. However, this study was not aimed at direct comparison of both methodologies; whereas, for the statistical/quantitative assessment between integrated layer and input layers, some statistical methodologies based on contingency table were focused. Especially, for the bias reduction, jackknife technique was also applied in PCA-based spatial integration. Through the statistic analyses with respect to the integration information in this case study, new information for relationships of integrated layer and input layers was extracted. In addition, influence effects of input data sets with respect to integrated layer were assessed. This kind of approach provides a decision-making information in the viewpoint of GIS and is also exploratory data analysis in conjunction with GIS and geoscientific application, especially handing spatial integration or data fusion with complex variable data sets.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2007

Since microarray data acquire tens of thousands of gene expression values simultaneously, they could be very useful in identifying the phenotypes of diseases. However, the results of analyzing several microarray datasets which were independently carried out with the same biological objectives, could turn out to be different. One of the main reasons is attributable to the limited number of samples involved in one microarry experiment. In order to increase the classification accuracy, it is desirable to augment the sample size by integrating and maximizing the use of independently-conducted microarray datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage approach which firstly integrates individual microarray datasets to overcome the problem caused by limited number of samples, and identifies informative genes, secondly builds a classifier using only the informative genes. The classifier from large samples by integrating independent microarray datasets achieves high accuracy up to 24.19% increase as against other comparison methods, sensitivity, and specificity on independent test sample dataset.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.167-203
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• 2015

This study tends to apprehend how much public library contributes to a role of upbuilder of digital integrated local society through a survey. For this, I performed the survey on 935 organization of public library in the whole country registered in national library statistical system. As a result, firstly, it's apprehended that equipment infra, Internet infra, etc like computer, laptop, scanner, tablet PC, etc are in relatively high level. Secondly, service or resource like electronic book, digital and virtual reference service, library service mobile App, etc that users can use are in relatively high level but software supporting cooperation and group task, fusibility of participating space, etc are shown very low level. Thirdly, the rate of literacy training relating to technology were only 22.4%, education subject focused on resource searching subject and somewhat future-oriented technical education like directions of video conference technique, cloud computing application education, etc wasn't conducted. Finally, we should consider expansion of providing technology and equipment and provision of future-oriented service and education according to a flow of the time that needs to seek change in various roles of library as enjoying culture space or creative space.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze through the integrated textbooks whether writing tasks are designed to be successful in cultivating students' writing abilities in the general-purpose Korean language education. First, we established the concept and the components of the writing task based on the definitions mentioned in previous research. The analysis of the types of writing tasks revealed "free writing" and "imitation and writing" to be the most frequent types of writing tasks in both textbooks. The textbooks have only twenty-one subjects in common. And most instructions provide only themes and genres, excluding the purpose, form, quantity, and time necessary for the article or for comprehending the instructions. In these tasks, the reading passages are most often explanatory text. The scoring criteria and time were not provided for the evaluation criteria and other factors. Therefore it became necessary to express the components of the writing task as explicitly and concretely as possible to improve learners' performances.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.349-354
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 효율적인 비오톱지도 제작 및 환경관리를 위한 프레임웍 데이터의 제작 방안을 연구하는데 있다. 비오톱지도를 작성하기 위해 필요한 원시데이터를 취합 및 통합과정을 통해 무결점의 프레임웍 데이터를 제작할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 인천지역 환경관리를 위한 비오톱지도 제작의 기초데이터인 프레임웍 데이터 제작방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 비오톱지도는 지표면의 형태와 위치의 기준을 나타내는 지형주제도, 단위비오톱 형상의 기준이 되는 도시주제도, 도시생태현황을 나타내는 도시생태조사도 등을 기반 데이터로 사용하여 제작되어지며, 각 주제도는 다양한 형태의 원시자료로부터 추출 및 가공되어 비오톱지도의 기반데이터로 사용되는데 이 기반데이터가 논리적, 물리적으로 정확하게 제작되어야 정확한 비오톱지도가 제작될 수 있으므로 이를 비오톱 지도 제작을 위한 프레임웍 데이터로 분류하여 본 연구를 통해 구제적인 작성 방안을 연구하였다.