• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2017

Communications for mobile sink groups such as rescue teams or platoons bring about a new challenging issue for handling group mobility in wireless sensor networks. Recently, a group region-based approach has been proposed to send data to a mobile sink group. However, it uses excessive flooding for 3 steps (group region discovery, region information notification, and data dissemination) to support mobile sink group. Thus, it causes high energy consumption and data delivery failure. Moreover, its per-sink mobility supporting scheme makes energy consumption and data delivery failure more serious. Thus, this paper proposes an Energy-efficient and Reliable Mobile Group communication protocol (ERMG) to support a mobile sink group, which exploits a virtual grid structure. For the group region discover and notification and the data dissemination, ERMG uses communications with only cell heads of grid cells that manages group sinks. ERMG also uses a per-grid based scheme to support sink mobility. Simulation results show that ERMG has 30% less energy consumption and 6% more desired delivery deadline success ratio than the existing protocols.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.63
• /
• pp.195-219
• /
• 2016

This study aims to examine what Sword martial arts was enforced to military in Hullyeon dogam, Geumweyeong, and Eoyeong-cheong through Siye in chapter gunjeong of Mangiyoram.. The conclusions are as in the following. First, the typical type of siye performed to military were jungsun and gwanmujae. magun and bogun were performed separately with chosi as their center and the basic forms of test have wongi and byeolgi in common. Second, there was a special restriction of application in jungsun. applicants in waegeomgyojeonsu must not apply yedo and hyeopdo in duplicate and applicants in yedo and hyeopdo must not do in the same manner. this was a considerate system to the military because they could be a professional through a systematic training of only one kind of Sword martial arts. Third, one of the special features in gwanmujae was bogun byeolgi. waegeomgyojeon, yedo, hyeopdo, eonwoldo, jedokgeom, bongukgeom, deungpae were designated and performed. 7gi except Sword martial arts in muyedobotongji. Sword martial arts was actually supplied and very helpful to the military. Forth, Siye made the military practice skills and improve martial art ability of their own free will and it was a great reward system to an excellent military at the same time. through this study we can understand the concrete meaning of Sword martial arts at the central military camp in late Joseon dynasty.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.581-591
• /
• 1995

An MIB is the heart of a network management system and it stores all information that is necessary for network management. To operate networks safely, it is essential to control accesses to managed objects. This paper provides three-level architecture of managers so as to perform network management more efficiently in large networks. Moreover, mandatory access control(MAC) policy and role-based access control policy are adopted to ensure the secure access to the MIB. These policies are modeled by using the active object-oriented data model, which makes easy to map these access control models into the active object-oriented database.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.27-55
• /
• 2008

The concept of non-conformity is stipulated at Art. 35, CISG. According to the Art. 35, there is no directly stipulated concept of non-conformity. But Art. 35 said that the Seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. Accordingly, the concept of non-conformity contains the conformity of quality, quantity, description, delivery of different goods and documents. Art. 39 does not specify the form of notice required. So parties can require a particular form by agreement. If there is no agreed form of notice, buyer' s notice must be sent by means appropriate in the circumstances. And Art. 39 states that the required notice of lack of conformity must be given to the seller. Notice of defects conveyed by the buyer to an independent third party is not found to have been given by means appropriate in the circumstances. And Art. 39 is subject to the parties' power under Art. 6 to derogate from or vary the effect of any provision of the Convention. When determining which requirement must be satisfied by the buyer is specifying the nature of any lack of conformity, a mixed objective-subjective standard should be applied, which has regard to the respective commercial situation of the buyer and the seller, to any cultural differences, but above all, to the nature of the goods. Also to determine the specificity requirement is to satisfy the purpose of notice of lack of conformity.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.3-26
• /
• 2010

In 2006, the UNCITRAL Working Group II started a new project on the revision of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules of 1976. Ever since that time, 9 sessions of the Working Group II were devoted to the discussions on such topic. The Arbitration Rules has been acknowledged to be used for settling international disputes involving various disputing parties. In recent years, many treaty-based arbitrations have been subject to the Arbitration Rules. This article focuses on the discussions made in the 52nd session of the Working Group II where the third reading of the revised draft of the Arbitration Rules was completed except for a few provisions. Among the draft rules, the delegations were hardly able to reach an agreement with regard to Articles 2(2), 34(2), 41(3), (4), and (6). It is expected that those provisions would be agreed in the coming 43rd plenary session of the UNCITRAL. The use of the Arbitration Rules is dependent on the agreement by the disputing parties. It is not like the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration which was adopted in Korean legal system in 1999. However, the proper functioning of arbitration rules is essential for the efficient and successful operation of the arbitration system in a particular country. That is the reason why we should keep close attention on the discussions of the UNCITRAL with regard to the revision of the Arbitration Rules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.144-144
• /
• 2017

쌈 채소 생산 및 유통의 효율성, 생산성 개선으로 경쟁력 향상을 위해 IoT 기반 스마트 저울과 쌈 채소전용 포장용 가이드를 개발 융합하여 안전하고 빠른 포장, 이동성 개선, 포장과 무게측정 동시 진행 및 출하량 자동측정으로 작업공정개선을 통해 최종적으로 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있는 제품을 개발하고자 한다. 1) 쌈 채소 포장용 가이드를 포함한 실시간 포장 무게 측정 장치 개발 ${\circ}$ 포장 박스와 관계없이 용이하게 사용할 수 있는 쌈 채소 포장용 가이드 개발 ${\circ}$ 실시간 포장 무게를 측정하여 출하 무게에 도달하였을 때 생산담당자에게 부저를 통해 신호전달 2) 생산패턴 분석을 통한 생산관리 애플리케이션 개발 ${\circ}$ 생산 패턴을 파악하여 실시간 생산량을 BLE 통신을 통해 관리자 스마트 폰으로 통지 ${\circ}$ 포장용 지그, 스마트 스케일, 이동체 1식으로 구성하여 용이하게 하우스 이동 3) 센서 디바이스 개발 ${\circ}$ 각종 센서(온도, 습도, 조도 등)의 디바이스를 활용하여 주위환경 데이터 수집 ${\circ}$ 스마트 폰 등을 활용한 콘텐츠 개발 및 노동복지 환경조성(작업환경 개선)

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.02a
• /
• pp.232-239
• /
• 2009

Emerging social networking services provide a new paradigm for human-to-human communication. However, these services are centralized and managed by single service provider. In this paper, we propose MicroPost, a decentralized event notification service architecture for social applications based on publish/subscribe model. In our design space, event brokers are structured as an overlay network which provides the substrate of distributed peer-to-peer lookup service for storing and retrieving subscriptions with hashed keys. Event clients interact with event brokers to publish or subscribe social messages over the wide-area network. Using XML standards, we present an efficient algorithm to forward events for rendezvous-based matching in this paper. In our design space, the cost of routing is O(${\omega}log_kN$), where N is the number of event brokers, ${\omega}$ is the number of meta-data obtained from event messages, and k is a constant, which is selected by our design, to divide the identifier space and to conquer the lookup of given key. Consequently, what we achieved is an asynchronous social messaging service architecture which is decentralized, efficient, scalable, and flexible.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.671-681
• /
• 2000

클라이언트-서버(Client-Server) 데이터베이스 환경에서 병목현상의 해결책으로 클라이언트캐시(Client cache)를 사용할 수 있다. 여러 클라이언트들이 같은 데이터베이스의 일부를 캐시한 복사본을 사용할 때, 다른 클라이언트들과 서버간에 일관성 유지를 보장해주어야 한다. 캐시의 일관성을 유지하기 위한 여러 가지 알고리즘들이 제안되어왔다. 그 중에서 O2PL(Optimistic Two Phase Locking) 기법은 동시성을 증가시킬 수 있는 주요 장점이 있다. 그러나 O2PL 알고리즘은 트랜잭션이 완료(commit) 연산을 요구하는 시점에서 접근한 캐시데이터의 일관성을 위한 작업이 시작되므로 최종적인 완료까지는 지연이 발생하게된다. 이때 다른 클라이언트에서 잠금 충돌(lock conflict)에 의해 전역 교착상태(global deadlock)가 발생한다면 블락(block)되어 지연되는 시간은 더욱 증가하게된다. 본 논문에서는 향상된 O2PL 기법으로 PN(Preemption by Notification)-O2PL 기법을 제안한다. 이 접근에서는 O2PL의 특성으로 얻을 수 있는 연산정보를 관련된 다른 트랜잭션에게 통지(notification)로 사용하고 제시한 조건에 해당할 경우 상대 자원을 바로 사용할 수 있게 한다. 이 조건은 대부분의 전역 교착 상태에 해당하는 두 트랜잭션간의 교착상태를 조기에 신속히 감지할 수 있게 하여 트랜잭션 완료의 지연을 감소시키게 한다. PN-O2PL 알고리즘이 기존의 O2PL기법보다 빠른 응답시간을 얻을 수 있음을 모의 실험을 통하여 보인다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2004

This paper describes main characteristics of Grid Services based on OGSA and a service component for aggregating service data element. In order to build a Grid Service for SOA, it needs to consider a systematic approach from the high-level software architecture of a system that describes the main system components and their interactions. The purpose of this paper is to design and implement an extended service data aggregator service. To provide reliable aggregating service for service data elements, which is running under wide area environment like Internet, the aggregator service is operated asynchronously by notification mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 1998

The purpose of our study is to develop a prototype groupware environment that addresses the different phases of meetings as well as to provide for customizable meetings. We describe several components that can be used to support the entire life-cycle of a distributed meeting. Our design is based on the premise that meetings are comprised of three stages: pre-meeting setup, during meeting activities, and post-meeting teardown. Additionally, meetings are individual, each requiring a different set of tools and applications. Our protype contains six components to support these stages. These components are electronic mail, bulletin board, organizer, agendas, virtual meeting room, and storyboard viewer.