• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.771-778
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of linear polarized near-infrared ray radiation on experimental pain threshold in healthy adult subjects. Thirty healthy adult subjects were divided into 5 groups: 1) group 1, super lizer radiation at 0 % ; 2) group 2, super lizer radiation at 10 % ; 3) group 3, super lizer radiation at 20 % ; 4) group 4, super lizer radiation at 40 % ; 5) group 5, super lizer radiation at 80 %. The polarized near-infrared ray radiation was applied on LI 4 point of subject's right hand at a fixed time for 30 second. Experimental pain threshold were measured with electrical current on the right hand at 5 intervals for each radiation: 1) pretreat; 2) posttreat ; 3) posttreat of 1/2 hr ; 4) posttreat of 1 hr ; and 5) posttreat of 2 hrs. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance with repeated measures for pain threshold. No significant interaction between power output and time for pain threshold was found. Significant effects of power output and time for experimental pain threshold were found. Significant increase was noted in experimental pain threshold in group 4 and group 5 at posttreat, posttreat of 1/2, 1 hr and 2 hrs as a result of the applications of the polarized near-infrared ray radiation. This study indicate that polarized near-infrared ray radiation with above 40 % of power output increases pain threshold, thus possibly increasing options in choosing radiation output for treating pateint with pain. Further study is needed to compare the effects of these radiation in patients with clinical pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2005

대전에 소재하는 C 대학교 병원의 물리치료실에 2003년 5월 9일부터 2004년 10월 20일까지 내원한 환자들 중 견부 통증의 진단으로 치료를 받은 환자 가운데 중추신경계에 손상 병력이 없고, 치료사와 의사소통이 가능한 인지 능력을 가졌으며, 실험에 참가하기로 동의한 환자를 대상으로 내원한 순서에 따라 아로마 초음파군, 아로마군, 초음파군에 각각 30명씩을 배정하여 실험한 결과, 치료의 횟수가 증가함에 따라 통증의 정도를 알아보는 시각적 통증 점수가 감소하였으며(p<0.001), 군 간에 통증 감소의 정도도 차이가 있었다. 사후 검정을 보면 아로마 초음파군과 아로마군의 통증 감소의 정도가 초음파군에 비해 높았다(p<0.001). 또한 치료의 횟수가 증가함에 따라 McGill-Melzac 통증 점수 역시 감소하였으며(p<0.001), 군 간에 차이는 없었지만, 교호작용을 고려하면 아로마를 사용한 군에서 감소 폭이 더 큰 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 압통계의 역치 역시 치료의 횟수가 증가함에 따라 모든 군에서 상승하였으며(p<0.001), 군 간에 역치 증가의 정도에도 차이가 있었는데(p<0.05), 사후 검정을 보면 아로마 초음파군이 아로마군에 비해 역치 증가의 폭이 더 컸다. 따라서 압통계의 역치 증가는 아로마 보다는 초음파에 더 영향을 받는 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 아로마 오일은 주관적이고, 정서적인 통증을 검사하는 시각적 통증 점수와 McGill-Melzac 점수에 많은 영향을 미치는 반면 조직의 회복에 의해 상승하는 압력 역치를 검사하는 압통계의 수치에는 영향을 적게 미침을 확인할 수 있었으며, 반면 초음파는 주관적, 정서적인 통증의 감소보다는 실제 조직이 회복되면서 감소하는 통증에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2013

Objectives: We compared the characteristics of the pain threshold and pain experience between demented group and non-demented group. Methods: This study was part of Gangwon projects for early detection of dementia in 2010. We recruited 8302 local resident ages over 65 years old. Of theses, 1259 people who scored low MMSE were selected and 365 of them completed CERAD-K(Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease). Finally, 90 in non-demented group and 57 in demented group(mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease) were analyzed. Pain threshold was experimentally measured by pressure algometer and we investigated the pain experience, by Brief pain inventory (BPI), a self-report test. Results: In the demographic characteristics, there are more female, higher ages, lower education in the demented group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the pain threshold. On the BPI results, 'shoulder pain', 'the number of pain' and 'interference of working' were significantly more prevalent in non-demented group. However, there are no significant differences between the groups in the 'pain severity', 'prevalence of pain' and 'pain treatment'. Conclusions: Demented group report less pain experience but, still perceived pain. It support previous studies that patient with dementia have increased pain tolerance but preserved pain threshold. Thus, active pain assessment and treatment for patients with dementia is needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.543-551
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• 2018

This study investigated the effects of corrective exercise and TECAR on cervical alignment, pain threshold, and pain in forward head posture patients. The subject includes 30 forward head posture patients. In the intervention methods, the experimental group combined corrective exercise and TECAR treatment. Only the corrective exercise was applied to the control group. Assessments were made on cervico vertebra angle (CV angle), pain pressure threshold (PPT) and neck disability index (NDI) visual analog scale (VAS). The intervention was conducted six times a week for two weeks. Both groups showed significant differences in CV angle, PPT, NDI, and VAS. Also, PPT, NDI, and VAS excluding CV angle were significantly improved in the study group compared to the control group. These results suggest that the intervention method that combines corrective exercise and TECAR treatment has a more positive effect on pain and ADL ability of forward head posture patient.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation for sensory nerve conduction change. Nd:YAG laser was irradiated to mental region for 5 minutes with the parameters that 10 Hz and 20 Hz of 100 mJ/pulse. Target size of irradiation was 30 mm diameter of circle and target-tip distance was about 10 mm. Therefore, the power density were 212 $mW/cm^2$ and 424 $mW/cm^2$. Sensory nerve conduction was evaluated with $Neurometer^{\circled}$ CPT/C before and after Nd:YAG laser irradiation. As an outcomes, the current perception threshold(CPT) and pain tolerance threshold(PTT) were obtained. We made a comparison of these two values and the results were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference in CPT at 1W, 10 Hz and 2 W, 20 Hz Nd:YAG laser irradiation. 2. There was no significant difference in PTT at 10 Hz, 20 Hz of 100 mJ/pulse Nd:YAG laser. 3. There were no significant differences in CPT and PTT between 1 W, 10 Hz group and 2 W, 20 Hz group. Therefore, We can make a conclusion that Nd:YAG laser irradiation to mental region have no effect on mental nerve conduction in our study model.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2001

이 연구의 목적은 월경주기에 따른 동통역치와 미각역치의 변화를 평가하고자 하는 것이다. 안면부에 동통성 질환이 없고 정상 월경 주기를 가진 건강한 20대 여성 11명이 이 연구에 참여하였다. 2회의 연속적인 월경주기 동안, 월경기(menstrual phase), 여포기(follicular phase), 황체기(luteal phase)의 세 시기에서 압력통각역치, 전기미각역치, NaCl 미각역치를 각각 측정하였다. 각 역치를 월경주기의 시기별로 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 압력통각역치와 전기미각역치는 월경주기의 시기에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타내었고, 황체기에서 월경기에서와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 역치를 나타내었다. NaCl 미각역치는 월경주기에서 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않았다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1990

정상인에서 Guanethidine Nicardipine Nitroglycerine Prostaglandin $E_1$을 피하주사하고 지속적인 복사열을 주사한 후에 Pain Meter NYT-5를 이용하여 동통역치를 측정하였다. 통증역치는 Guanethidine과 Nicardipine에 의해 상승되었으며 Nitroglycerine에 의해서는 거의 변화가 없고 Prostaglandin $E_1$에 의해서는 감소되었다. 이러한 변화는 지각신경섬유의 말단 감각수용체에 대한 감수성이 이들 혈관확장제에 대하여 서로 다른 작용을 나타내는것 같다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.704-707
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine if complex exercises could improve pressure-pain threshold and postural alignment in university students. Subjects in the CON group did not receive an intervention. Subjects in the EXP1 group were applied stretching exercises after applying hot packs on their both shoulders. Subjects in the EXP2 group were applied complex exercises including stretching, stabilization exercises of shoulder girdle and correction of wrong postures. Changes in pressure-pain threshold in the EXP1 group and EXP2 group were greater than that in the CON group (p<0.05). Changes in VAS scores in the EXP1 group and EXP2 group were greater than that in the CON group (p<0.05). Changes of postural alignment did not significantly differ among three groups (p>0.05). The results of this study indicates that complex exercises including stretching exercises, stabilization exercises of shoulder girdle and correction of wrong postures about neck and scapular can be an effective in reduction of shoulder pain and increase of pressure-pain threshold in women university with shoulder pain.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.198-205
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify whether cutaneous sensory (CS) changes induced by mechanical intervention(MI) increases the trigger point threshold and muscle tone of the same spinal segment to neck disc patients. Thirty persons with Neck disc patients were recruited in this experiment. The subjects consisted of 10 men and 20 women. The mechanical stimulus group induced CS changes for 5 minutes using the Graston instrument and the control group received no action. The CS changes were estimated by using the Von Frey Filament, PPT changes were measured by using the pressure threshold meter and msucle tone changes were measured by using Myotone pro. CS threshold increased significantly when MI was applied (p<0.05). On the same spinal segment, increases in the right infraspinatus PPT and muscle tone was observed (p<0.05) and decreases in the right trapezius PPT was observed(p<0.05). However, the PPT and muscle tone changes in other muscles were not significantly different. Furthermore, the control group CS, PPT and muscle tone were not significantly different. As a result, CS changes induced by MI make to change PPT and muscle tone on the same spinal segment. Therefore, application of MI to the same spinal segment may be of clinical significance as a new rehabilitation method for increasing pain threshold, muscle tone and pain control in neck disc patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.151-158
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• 2008

Poor posture of the neck and head has long been recognized as a factor contributing to the onset and perpetuation of pain in the head and neck region. This study were to evaluate the change of the neck pressure pain threshold in long term computer users. To elucidate change of the neck pressure pain threshold in long term computer users, the effect of computer using time(3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours) on neck pressure pain threshold were studied in 20 subjects. Neck pressure pain threshold were recorded 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours group, and evaluated by pressure algometry to Trapezius muscle, Sternocleidomastoidius muscle, Suboccipitalis muscle and Temporalis muscle. Neck pressure pain threshold was significantly larger in 15 hours group(p<.05). But relation between neck pressure pain threshold in male group and female group were not significant differences(p>.05).