• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 1996

In this thesis, we investigate the psychosocial variables within the family environments of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with (ADHD+CD/ODD) or without (ADHD) externalizing symptoms. The subjects in this research were 86 boys and girls(aged range 6 to 14 years) consisted of 20 ADHD, 22 comorbid ADHD(ADHD+CD/ODD) and 44 normal control group(NC). We have collected data on children and their mothers. The psychosocial variables included in the analysis are socioeconomic status, parent's educational level, life stress event, and the rate of psychiatric disorders in relatives. The self-reported questionnaires marital discord(MAS), parenting stress(PSI), and parenting attitute(MBRI) completed by mothers. The results indicated that ADHD+CD/ODD is supposed to have higher level of family adversity suggested by the lower SES, lower parental educational level, higher life stress events, and more psychic disorders in relatives compared with ADHD or normal control group. In MAS, ADHD+CD/ODD group has significantly the lowest scores on each factor of the measure of marital adjustment. Parents of ADHD+CD/ODD are much more likely to have positive parenting stress when compared with the parents of ADHD. Especially, mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the lowest tendency in the mean score on affective, accepted attitudd. In an inapropriate parenting attitude perceived by children, father of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most negative, contradictory attitude and mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most restrictive, negative and contradictory attitude.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2006

This study attempts to provide basic information that is necessary to establish the direction of oral health education process abd to develop effective oral health promoting programs for college students by analyzing the modifying factors that may affect their oral health behaviors and their cognitive and perceptive factors. Data for this study are collected by the questionnaire method from college students who attend colleges located Chungchong and Busan province for the period between June 20, 2006 and July 30, 2006. The respondents were chosen from Dental department and Non-Dental department. After omitting the responses with insufficient information, 409 valid responses are used for this analysis. The major finding of the present study are as follows: 1. Oral health behaviors factor is higher rate dental department than non-dental department, dental department than non-dental department appear significant the oral health education, the lasted year round oral examination, the used of oral hygiene supplies, oral prevention treatment. 2. Oral health behaviors and perception-awareness factor is higher score dental department than non-dental department and self efficiency is similar. Oral health behaviors is higher score dental department, the barriers to oral health behaviors is similar. The benefits of oral health behavior is higher score dental department. 3. The oral health behavior is higher dental department. In dental department the overall average score for oral health behaviors question is the correct teeth-brushing, self-restraint of liquor and cigarettes. Non dental department the overall average score for oral health behaviors question is the correct teeth brushing, good nutrition. The lower average score is scaling and periodic oral examination. 4. The correlation coefficient analysis between oral health behaviors and perception-awareness factors, variables which appear significant correlation coefficient by the self-efficiency are the control of oral health, the benefits of oral health behaviors, behavior of oral health, variables which appear significant correlation coefficient by the control of oral health are the benefits of oral health behaviors, the knowledge of oral health, behavior of oral health. And variables which appear significant correlation coefficient by the barriers to oral health behaviors is the benefits of oral health behaviors, variables which appear significant correlation coefficient by the knowledge of oral health is oral health behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

During early pregnancy, before the development of a functioning thyroid gland, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a very sensitive marker of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Normal values have been modified during gestation with a downward shift. The fetus is influenced by the TSH supplied by the mother. TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations vary during pregnancy and conventional units can vary between laboratories. A downward shift of the TSH reference range occurs during pregnancy, with a decrease in both the lower and upper limits of maternal TSH, relative to the typical non-pregnant TSH reference range. Each laboratory produces its own reference TSH and FT4 concentrations because there are many different assays that yield different results in pregnancy. Therefore, automated immunoassays used for serum FT4 analysis are still used widely, but the important considerations discussed above must be noted. The use of population-based, trimester-specific reference ranges remains the best way to handle this issue The slight downward shift in the upper reference range of TSH occurring in the latter first trimester (7~12 weeks) of pregnancy, typically not observed prior to 7 weeks. Their use indicates high or low levels in a quantitative manner independent of the reference ranges. These data highlight the importance of calculating population-based pregnancy-specific thyroid parameter reference intervals. A precision medicine initiative in this area will require the collection and analysis of a large number of genetic, biological, psychosocial, and environmental variables in large cohorts of individuals. Large prospective randomized controlled trials will be needed to resolve these controversies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.504-509
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• 2020

This study analyzed the factors that affect the emotional intelligence of clinical dental hygienists' psychological well-being. The study was conducted from September 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019 with 180 dental hygienists living in Jeollabuk-do province. The data was analyzed by independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 18.0. Psychological well-being has a significant correlation with emotional intelligence (r=.596, p<.001). Emotional intelligence of clinical dental hygienists was found to be significant in a suitable regression model (F=116.575, p<.05), and the explanatory power was 53.6%. The higher the psychological well-being was, the higher the emotional intelligence was. The factors related to emotional intelligence of clinical dental hygienists were psychological well-being, self-acceptance, positive relations to others, personal growth, environmental mastery and clinical experience. The results of this study show that psychological well-being is related to emotional intelligence. It is necessary to establish an effective strategy to enhance the psychological well-being of clinical dental hygienists and strengthen their emotional intelligence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.818-834
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine parents' mental model of media environment and children's media use and to provide some educational suggestions. For this purpose, twelve parents of second-graders to fourth-graders sampled in elementary schools were interviewed with three activities such as a word-association experiment, a sentence completion task and a in-depth interview. The result was categorized into 8 elements such as interaction, source of supply and adverse effects. Furthermore, the analysis on the mental model of media use shows that firstly, the parents understand modern media reflects competence while they have a feeling of fear and newness on media themselves. Secondly, the parents show an ambivalent understanding on media use in terms of both negative and positive effects and have a tendency to control them. Another finding is the fact that the parents understand digital media as a representation of both connection and disconnection. Also, the parents realize media as a cause of conflict and as a place for reconciliation as well. Finally, it is showed that media is not only a personal territory but also a part of social system in the parents' understanding. Based on these findings, some interpretations and parents' educational applications are provided in terms of the Meyrowitz(1998; 1999)'s three perspectives on media.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.283-300
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to grasp health-promoting behavior of the elderly and to identify variables related to them in order to facilitate nursing intervention for health promotion of this population. The subjects for this study were 291 old persons obtained by cluster sampling from twenty general social welfare centers located in Tague. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from August 13 to September 13, 1996. Questionnaires were developed based on Sherer and others' Self-Efficacy scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale, Wallston and other's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Northern illinois University's Helath Self Rating Scale, Walker and others' Health Promotion Lifestyles Profile. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple regression, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, MANOVA, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. For the practice of health-promoting behavior, the mean score was 2.89 and range was 3.59 to 2.09. The factor of the highest mean score was regular diet(M=3.42) and factor of the lowest mean score as stress management(M=2.27). 2. The combination of self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, family number, and average monthly pocket money explained 30.0% of the variance of health-promoting behavior. 3. With regard to the relationship between health-promoting behavior and cognitive perceptual factor, self-efficacy correlated positively with health-promoting behavior(r=.4951, P=.0001), self-esteem correlated positively(r=.3263, P=.0001), internal health locus of control correlated positively(r=.3244, P=.0001), perceived health status correlated positively(r=.1355, P=.0274). 4. According to age(F=2.50, P=.0431), sex(t=2.14, P=.0332), marital status(F=7.85, P=.0005), education(F=5.44, P=.0003), family number(F=11.18, P=.0001), people living together(F=7.21, P=.0009), previous occupation(F=5.83, P=.0001), average monthly pocket money(F=7.27, P=.0001), there were differences of health-promoting behavior. The above findings show that health-promoting behavior are related to demographic characteristics, four cognitive perceptual factors(self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived health status). On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made ; 1. Nursing interventions enhancing exercise or activity, accountability for health, stress management of the elderly must be provided. 2. Nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy which is most significant effect on health-promoting behavior must be developed.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.91-125
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• 2001

이 논문은 2002년도 부경대학교 수산경영학과 박사학위논문(A Study on Institutional Arrangements for Quota-Based Management : The Case of China's Marine Capture Fisheries)의 일부이다. 이 논문의 기본목적은 취터제에 기초한 중국의 어업관리를 위한 제도적인 틀을 세우고자 하는데 있으며, 이런 목적을 달성하기에 위해 이 논문은 다음과 같이 구성하여 연구를 진행시켰다. 제1장은 연구목적과 문제의 제기에 이어 제2장에서는 중국 해양어업의 개발과 이에 따른 문제점을 분석하였으며, 여기에서 궈터제에 기초한 어업관리정책의 제도적 제안을 함과 동시에, 제3장에서는 중국 해양어업의 현실과 중국 사회의 일반적인 현상을 분석하여 제4장을 통해 쿼터제에 기초한 중국의 어업관리를 위한 제도적 프레임러크를 제안하였다. 마지막으로 본 논문을 요약하고 향후 계속되어야 할 연구과제를 제시하였다. 본 논문의 중요한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 현재 중국 수산업의 관리체제는 질적 규제 중심 관리제도, 그리고 정부 주도하의 어업관리 과정으로 특징지을 수 있다. 이러한 명령과 통제 (command-and-control) 방식의 전통적인 중국어업 관리제도로서는 어업인들에게 있어서 자원 보존에 대한 동기와 제도에 대한 수용성을 약화시키며, 정부 규제를 오히려 무시하게 되는 결과를 초래한다. 결과적으로 현형 중국의 어업관리제도는 어업인에게 있어서 자원 보전에 대한 유인을 약화시키고 단기적인 수익을 극대화하도록 유도하는 맹점을 지니므로 인해 더 이상 지속적인 어업성립의 보장을 할 수 없다는 점을 지적할 수 있다. 중국정부는 이러한 어업관리제도의 불완전성을 인식하여 2000년 10월 31일에 1986년 에 제정된 수산업법을 개정하게 되었으며, 새로운 중국의 수산업법은 어업 허가제도와 함께 할당량제에 기초한 어업관리제도를 국가가 운영하는 것으로 특징지을 수 있다. 그러나 아직까지 중국은 할당제에 근거한 어업관리제도를 미실시중에 있으며, 그 내용도 애매모호한 점을 많이 가지고 있다. 또한 중국의 절대적 어획량은 현재 논란의 여지로 남아있고, 거대 어업 인구의 근본적인 요구와 중국 어선의 국제적인 경쟁력, 그리고 유어(遊漁)에 대한 사회적 요구 등도 중국의 수산정책이 채결해야 할 과제이다. 위에서 고찰한 내용을 기초로 하여 우리는 중국의 쿼터제에 기초한 어업관리에 대해 다음과 같은 몇 가지를 제안한다. 중국 연근해어업에 있어서 할당제 모형에 참가하는 어업 참여자들의 유형은 세 가지로 구분할 수 있다. 첫째는 어촌에 거주하면서 생존수단으로 소규모 어업에 종사하는 경우이고, 둘째는 유어어업의 경우이며, 셋째는 상업적 목적으로 어업에 종사하는 집단으로 나눌 수 있다. 이러한 세 집단을 하나의 제도의 틀로 통합하기 위해서는 국가의 총허용어획량(TAC)을 총 어촌 허용어획량(TAIVCs)과 총 허용 유어 어획량(TARCs) 및 총허용 상업적 어획량 (TACCs)의 세부문으로 나눌 것을 제안한다. 그리하여 다시 TAFVCs와 TARCs, 그리고 TACCs는 어촌별 어획량(ITCQs), 개별 유어 회사별 어획량(IRCQs), 그리고 양도 가능한 개별 상업적 어획량(ITCQs)으로 나누어 관리하도록 한다. 이와 같이 중국의 국가 총허용어획량(TAC)을 IFVQs와 IRCQs, 그리고 ITQCQs의 세부문으로 구분하여 할당하고, 여기에 기초하여 어업을 관리하는 것은 중국에 있어서 사회적 형평성과 경제적 효율성과의 상충관계를 고려하여 고안된 것으로, 중국에 있어서 수산업을 통한 경제적 및 사회적 효과를 동시에 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.35-48
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• 2015

It is frequently found in daily life that people who experience good luck as lottery winners try to improve their background (e.g., home, car) but it has not been empirically validated why they do that. Present research attempts to explore the prediction that people who experience good luck expand the scope of attention to background and those who undergo bad luck shrink the scope of attention to adjacent objects. Findings from Experiment 1a indicate that participants who experienced good luck (won the rock-paper-scissors game) paid more attention to background and performed worse in the "find the hidden picture" (below FHP) task while those who underwent bad luck (lost the rock-paper-scissors game) paid more attention to objects, leading to better performance in the FHP task. It is also found in Experiment 1a that, if people washed their hands after experiencing good or bad luck, the opposite result occurred. Experiment 1b confirmed that the rock-paper-scissor game manipulated good and bad luck successfully and did not influence self-control. Experiment 2 shows that people who strongly believe in good luck performed poorly in FHP task while those who do not believe in good luck performed well in FHP task. Overall, three experiments support the proposed research hypotheses. Implications of the study findings for cognitive psychology and related fields including consumer and sports psychology are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1245-1255
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable evaluating instrument for elementary school fifth and sixth graders. The instrument is developed through R&D procedure, which includes two checks of science specialist and two field trials of the instrument. Evaluating items are content-free for each science inquiry skill. Each science inquiry element is based on SAPA and the 7th curriculum. This study has selected 10 science inquiry skills(observing, classifying, measuring, predicting, inferring, recognizing of a problem, controlling variables, interpreting data, drawing a conclusion, designing an experiment), formulated a clear definition of the elements of science inquiry skills, and established the objectives of evaluation. The content areas are divided into three categories, material and energy, life and environment, and the earth and circulation. Each category contains 10 items. So the instrument consists of 30 items. The content validity of items, objectivity of the scoring keys, and clarity of the items has been checked twice by specialists in science education. At the same time, two field trials were performed to produce the reliability of the instruments, discrimination index, and item difficulty index. The instrument has the content validity is 91.6%, reliability 0.79, objectivity 93.3%, discrimination index 0.30, and item difficulty index 66.1%.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.47-57
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• 2015

This study examines whether successful stand-alone firms have more difficulties than the successful firms affiliated to business groups in external financing. The easiness of external financing is measured by investment-cashflow multiple. Controlling the effects on the multiple of the past business performances and the expectation of future business performances, we investigate how the ownership type affects the multiple. The empirical results show that, when cashflows are positive, the stand-alone firms exhibit higher investment-cashflow mupltiples. When cashflows are negative, however, the opposite is true, even though the statistical significance of the result is rather low. These results do not support the general idea that stand-alone firms must have more disadvantage than subsidiary firms in raising funds from outside. If member firms of business groups have no big trouble financing externally, then the above results imply that stand-alone firms do not either identify external financing as a major difficulty in running business. Thus, if the government seeks to formulate the selective policies supporting only the promising start-ups, instead of the general policies benefiting random start-ups, then the start-up financing policy should have a lower priority.