• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.465-468
• /
• 2003

In order to find out the basic information for salt tolerance in vice (Oryza sativa L.), effects of NaCl treatment on absorption of inorganic components and growth were investigated in 6 japonica and 5 tongil varieties and compared to the salt tolerance variety, Annapurna. The absorption of N and $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ was less repressed than that of $\textrm{K}_2\textrm{O}$, MgO, CaO, and $\textrm{Si}\textrm{O}_2$ which were a little affected by NaCl treatment. $\textrm{K}_2\textrm{O}$ was the most highly repressed component in the absorption of inorganic components, followed by MgO, CaO, total-N, $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ and $\textrm{Si}\textrm{O}_2$. $\textrm{Na}_2\textrm{O}$ content was increased about twenty times to the control at 30days after NaCl treatment, and tonsil varieties more than absorbed japonica ones. Dry weight of japonica varieties by NaCl treatment was less reduced than that of tonsil varieties, followed by Seomjinbyeo, Sinseonchalbyeo, Nakdongbyeo, Daechoungbyeo, Dongjinbyeo and Chuchoungbyeo in japonica group, and Milyang30, Gayeabyeo, Jangseongbyeo, Chilseongbyeo and Taebackbyeo in tonsil group. The relationship between dry weight reduction and Na/K ratio showed positively significant correlation in rice.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.7
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hot water immersion treatment on the control of white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi) in rice seeds. Disease incidence and yield losses induced by white tip nematode were alos investigated in association with resistance of various rice cultivars. The hot water immersion treatment of rice seeds at $61^{\circ}C$ for 10-15 minutes was effective for the control of the white tip nematode. The stem of most Japonica-type cultivars was damaged by white tip nematode. The Tongil-type cultivars, however, were not infected by the nematode at all. Diseas incidence of Japonica-type cultivars, Odaebyeo and Bogkwangbyeo were 95.6% and 81.8%, respectively. The number of nematodes in infected rice seeds of both Japonica-type and Togil-type cultivars was over 100 per 10gr rice seeds. Although Tongil-type cultivars didn't show white tip symptoms, the yield loss was found in many cultivars. The yield was reduced by 40% Japonica-type cultivars, Odaebyeo and Bogkwangbyeo that were infected by white tip nematode. The yield loss in Japonica-type cultivars was more severe than that in Tongil-type cultiveas. The resistance of Youngdege 5 was highest than any other cultivars showing no disease symptoms and yield loss.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 1989

Twentyseven rice cultivars were compared Quantitatively and classified by 15 agronomic traits. For this, 12 Tongil-type rice cultivars and 15 Japonica-type rice cultivars were transplanted at the experimental farm of the Yeongnam Crop Experiment Station on May 25 in 1987. Jangseongbyeo belonging to Tongil-type had the greatest dissimilarity total among 27 rice cultivars and followed by Chilseongbyeo, Gayabyeo, Hangangchalbyeo, Gihobyeo (Tongil-type) and Sangpoongbyeo (Japonica-type) while cultivars having greatest similarity total were Daecheongbyeo and Yeongsanbyeo and followed by Nagdongbyeo, Sinsunchalbyeo, Gwangmyeongbyeo, Yeongdeogbyeo, Palgongbyeo and Dongjinbyeo that were all belonging to Japonica-type cultivars. CuItivar pairs having the greatest dissimilarity coefficient (50-55％) were combinations of Gayabyeo and Sangpungbyeo, Gihobyeo, or Seonambyeo, combinations of Chilseongbyeo and Jangseongbyeo, Sangpung-byeo, Chucheongbyeo, Gihobyeo or Seonambyeo and combinations of }angseongbyeo and Gwangmyeong-byeo, Sangpungbyeo, Gihobyeo, Daechangbyeo or H waseongbyeo. On the other hand, cultivar pairs having the greatest similarity coefficient (above 85 ％) were combinations of Dongjinbyeo and Sinsunchalbyeo, Daecheongbyeo, Somjinbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo, combination of Sangpungbyeo and Gihobyeo, combinations of Yeongdeogbyeo and Yeongsanbyeo or Palgongbyeo, combination of Gwangmyeongbyeo and Yeongdeogbyeo, Combinations of Nagdongbyeo and Gwangmyeongbyeo, Yeongdeogbyeo, Daecheongbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo, combinations of Sinsunchalbyeo and Daecheongbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo, combinations of Somjinbyeo and Daecheongbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo and combination of Daecheongbyeo nd Yeongsanbyeo. Two-dimensional ordination analysis method provided the information on cultivar classification between Japonica-type and Tongil-type cultivars except a few cultivars. Only two cultivars, Joongweonbyeo and Seomjinbyeo were located opposit area that implied Tongil-type cultivar Joongweonbyeo was rather close to Japonica-type while Japonica-type cultivar Seomjinbyeo was rather close to Tongil-type, respectively. Sinsunchalbyeo and Daecheongbyeo, on the other hand, were located on the line between two cultivar groups. The method of two-dimensional ordination analysis concluded as feasible approach to classify cultivars Quantitatively for the practical purpose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 1990

In order to investigate the degree of grain shedding of red rices collected in Korea, breaking tensile and breaking bending strengths of 269 varieties; 82 Korean and 100 foreign red rices and 87 Korean cultivars including 26 native varieties, 30 Japonica-Indica hybrids and 31 Japonica type varieties, were measured at harvest time. Also, histological characteristics of abscission region between spikelet and pedicel were observed. The breaking tensile and breaking bending strengths of both Korean and foreign red rices were weaker than those of Japonica-Indica hybrids which were known as easily shedding varieties in Korea. Abscission layers were observed in the majority of Korean red rices except for 5 varieties, and those of all varieties belonging to both long grain types and 'Sare's were cracked completely at harvest time, while those of round grain types were not cracked except one variety. The breaking tensile and breaking bending strengths of the tested varieties having cracked abscission layer were weaker than those of non-cracked ones. Both strengths of breaking tensile and breaking bending were positively correlated with diameter of supporting zone and thickness of sclerenchyma tissue surrounding central vascular tissue of suporting zone at 0.1% significant level, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate varietal difference in viviparous germinability at different days after heading and temperature conditions. Three Japonica rice varieties, Sobaekbyeo, Odaebyeo and Hwaseongbyeo, and Sare type rice variety, Jakwangdo, showed higher viviparous germination rate from 20 days after heading, while a Tongil type rice, ]ungwonbyeo, and a Indica varieyt, IR-20, showed still low viviparous germination at 40 days after heading. Viviparous germination rate of rice varieties observed at 4 and 10 days after incubation was greately increased with increasing temperature from 15$^{\circ}C$ to 3$0^{\circ}C$ , and germination rate less than 5% was observed at 4 days after incubating at 15$^{\circ}C$ in all rice varieties teased. Viviparous germination pattern of rice varieties was divided into two types. Three Japonica and Sare type rice varieties showed higher and faster in viviparous germination than a Tongil type and Indica rice verieties. Viviparous germination was delayed under day /night fluctuation of incubation temperature compared with day /night fluctuation of incubation temperature compared with day /night constant condition at the same average temperature. The optimum incubation temperature and duration to evaluate viviparous germinability of rice varieties were 25/15$^{\circ}C$ and 6 days, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.240-255
• /
• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels of phytotoxicity of rice varieties to HPPD (4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase)-inhibiting herbicides known for their efficiency to control the sulfonylureas-resistant weed species：mestrione, benzobicyclone, and tefuryltrione. The twenty-six rice varieties (8-Japonica ${\times}$ Indica-type varieties and 18-Japonica-type varieties) were grown for 25 days on seedling trays and then transplanted to paddy rice fields followed by herbicide treatment i.e. standard and double doses of there respective herbicides at 5, 10, and 15 days after transplanting. Although mestrione, benzobicyclone and tefuryltrione are all HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, the phytotoxicity symptoms of the different rice varieties based on the timing of application and doses of the herbicides were significantly different. The Japonica ${\times}$ Indica-type varieties showed much more phytotoxicity symptoms than Japonica-type varieties in all applied herbicides. Increasing herbicidal doses of mesotrione, and an earlier application of and increasing herbicidal doses of benzobicyclon caused severe phytotoxicity symptoms. On the other hand, phytotoxicity due to tefuryltrione did not exhibit significant differences between rice varieties in either the timing of application or dose of the herbicide. Regardless of timing of application and dose of the herbicides, Hangangchalbyeo-1, Hyangmibyeo-1 and high-yield rice varieties such as Namcheonbyeo, Dasanbyeo, Areumbyeo, and Hanareumbyeo, which belong to the Japonica ${\times}$ Indica-type varieties, showed 5 to 8 levels of phytotoxicity symptoms including albinism, browning, detached leaf, and necrosis to mesotrione and benzobicyclon whereas only 1 to 3 levels of phytotoxicity symptoms (chlorosis, albinism, and browning) were seen with to tefuryltrione application. The Japonica-type varieties exhibited only slight phytotoxicity symptoms (1~2 levels) in conformity with the timing of application and doses of the herbicides. However, there were significant differences among the Japonica-type rice varieties, depending on the type of herbicide. Thirteen-Japonica type rice varieties were sensitive to benzobicyclone while 4-Japonica-type and 7-Japonica-type varieties showed phytotoxicity symptoms such as chlorosis and albinism with mestrione and tefuryltrione application, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that the combined-type herbicides including mestrione, benzobicyclone and tefuryltrione should be rejected in paddy fields where rice is grown for either human consumption (functional or processed rice) or livestock feed because of severe phytotoxicity symptoms on the various rice varieties seen regardless of the timing of application and doses of the herbicides.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 1994

Is obtain cell lines showing high level of rice cold tolerance, direct in vitro selection through cold stress on primary pollen callus derived from anther culture was carried out Genotypic difference in callus formation and plant regeneration was recognized Rates of albino was increased along the duration of cold stress. Reciprocal effects were not noticed in anther culturability There was no variants related to rice leaf discoloration in pollen derived lines from parental varieties, regardless of days of cold stress. The regeneration and recombination of rice leaf discoloration in 146 pollen-derived lines, 70 pollen-derived lines from cold stress at $0^{\circ}C$ for 10 days, and 830 F$_2$ plants presented normal distribution curves with skewness in tolerance and no significant difference among 3 populations. Direct in vitro selection for rice cold tolerance through cold stress on primary pollen callus derived from anther culture, therefore, was revealed ineffective as a in vitro technology.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2012

A field study was conducted at Miryang in 2011 to evaluate differential sensitivity of six rice cultivars, three Indica${\times}$Japonica rice (long grain, cv. Hanareumbyeo, Hanareum2, Dasanbyeo) and three Japonica rice (short grain, Nampyung, Ilpumbyeo and Junamjosaeng) cultivars, to benzobicyclon, mesotrione+pretilachlor (MP) and butachlor (control) in transplanting rice and their treatment influences on rice yield. All Indica${\times}$Japonica rice cultivars exhibited susceptible to both benzobicyclon and MP as reflected by higher visual injury and carotenoid biosynthesis inhibition when compared with Japonica rice cutlivars. The percentage of foliar chlorosis of Indica${\times}$Japonica rice was only 0.9~4.7% for benzobicyclon at 13 days after treatment (DAT) and 30.3~64.4% for MP at 5DAT but it increased rapidly to 88.4~91.2% at 12~20DAT. However, most of the Japonica cultivars are tolerant to bezobicyclon and MP. There was no visible leaf chlorosis but carotenoid biosynthesis was slightly inhibited. Based on relative carotenoid content reduction of benzobicyclon and MP to butachlor, the Indica${\times}$Japonica rice showed 4.6~15.6 fold higher compared with the Japonica rice. The heading date of the injured rice plant was delayed by 3 days and panicle number per square meter and ripened grain ratio were reduced as compared with the control treatment of butachlor. Rice yield of the Indica${\times}$Japonica rice cultivars treated with benzobicyclon and MP was reduced by 7~10%, 3~5%. respectively. The result indicates that rice cultivars vary in tolerance to HPPD-Inhibiting herbicides and Indica${\times}$Japonica rices were more susceptible than the Japonica rices to MP and benzobicyclon. Rice yield of the Indica${\times}$Japonica rices was also significantly reduced by the those herbicide treatments.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1991

In order to clarify the varietal differences of grain shedding in 86 rice varieties with the diverse origin, a bundle of 10 panicles was fallen down on the bottom above 2m height, and several characters related to shattering were investigated. The ratio of grain shedding in the varieties from the Tongil types was the greatest (11. 29%), followed by the native and J aponica types (2.56, 0.17%). The breaking tensile and breaking bending strengths of the primary rachis-branch in the Tongil types were weaker than in the native and Japonica types with mean values of 217g and 20.5g, respectively. The fiber cells length of the primary rachis- branch in the Tongil types were shorter in the native and Japonica types. The ratio of grain shedding was significantly correlated with the breaking tensile and bending strengths of the primary rachis- branch, and fiber cell length.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.398-405
• /
• 1995

In termperate zone planting rice at different date subjects the crop to different climatic condition. This study aimed at comparison of the change in source-sink relationship of the Japonica(J) and that of Indica Japonica(I$\times$J) type rice cultivars caused by shift of heading date. Two J-and two I$\times$J-type cultivars were made to head on Aug. 16, Aug. 26 and Sep. 5. Percent grain fertility was not changed in response to shift of heading date. Ripening patterns of 4 rice cultivars were similar to sigmoid curve type but when the heading date was delayed to Sep. 5, the form is changed to log type of curve. In J-type, physiological maturity was delayed about 5 day when headed at Sep. 5, in compare to headed at Aug. 16 and Aug. 26. However ripening was continued about 10 days when the diurnal, nocturnal and minimum temperature was above 17, 12$^{\circ}C$ and about 3~8$^{\circ}C$. In I$\times$J hybrid, real ripening was continued when the diurnal, nocturnal and minimum temperature was over 20, 17$^{\circ}C$, but if the minimum temperature was downed bellow 1$0^{\circ}C$, it was impossible. Simulated photosynthetic amount based on photosynthetic ability, temperature, leaf area and day length was varied according to changes in heading date and it was decreased seriously if the minimum temperature was fall down bellow 4$^{\circ}C$ in field, that's why decrease in photosynthetic ability and aging. The temperature range of optimum ripening was 21~26$^{\circ}C$, if there is nothing hindering factor.