• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.511-524
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the statistical occupations and interannual variations of land cover types over Northeast Asian region using the 12 years (2001-2012) MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) land cover data sets. The spatial resolution and land cover types of MODIS land cover data sets are 500 m and 17, respectively. The 12-year average shows that more than 80% of the analysis region is covered by only 3 types of land cover, cropland (36.96%), grasslands (23.14%) and mixed forests (22.97%). Whereas, only minor portion is covered by cropland/natural vegetation mosaics (6.09%), deciduous broadleaf forests (4.26%), urban and built-up (2.46%) and savannas (1.54%). Although sampling period is small, the regression analysis showed that the occupations of evergreen needleleaf forests, deciduous broadleaf forests and mixed forests are increasing but the occupations of woody savannas and savannas are decreasing. In general, the pixels where the land cover types are classified differently with year are amount to more than 10%. And the interannual variations in the occupations of land cover types are most prominent in cropland (1.41%), mixed forests (0.82%) and grasslands (0.73%). In addition, the percentage of pixels classified as 1 type for 12 years is only 57% and the other pixels are classified as more than 2 types, even 9 types. The annual changes in the classification of land cover types are mainly occurred at the almost entire region, except for the eastern and northwestern parts of China, where the single type of land cover located. When we take into consider the time scale needed for the land cover changes, the results indicate that the MODIS land cover data sets over the Northeast Asian region should be used with caution.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1999

이산화탄소는 기후변화를 야기시키는 주요 온실가스이다. 본 연구는 춘천시, 강릉시, 서울시 강남구 및 중랑구를 대상으로 토지이용유형별 식생관리에 기인한 에너지소비 및 탄소방출을 잔디깎기, 전정, 관수, 시비, 살충제시용 등의 식생관리실태를 면담설문 및 일부 실측을 통해 파악하였다. 동일 토지이용유형 내 식생관리강도는 대체로 도시간 및 구간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 수목관리에 의한 연간 총탄소방출량은 토지이용유형에 따라 단위피도면적당 36.0~209.7g/m2로서 교통용지에서 가장 많았다. 잔디관리에 의한 연간 총탄소방출량은 단위잔디면적당 7.4~69.3g/m2로서 공원에서 가장 많았다. 이들 총탄소방출량 중 수목의 경우 전정이 토지이용유형에 따라 96.8~99.7%를, 잔디의 경우 잔디깎기가 91.9~100%를 각각 차지하였다. 도시식생의 연간 순탄소흡수를 최대화하기 위해서 가로수의 전정과 공원 내 잔디깎기에 의한 탄소방출을 최소화할 식재계획 및 관리가 요구된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5971-5978
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• 2013

The aim of the study is to suggest the development type and the land-use model of smart green multi complexes focused on the lesson for future smart green complex in Korea. For the study, the concept and the development aspects are reviewed as a theoretical research and the development types of smart green multi complexes are surveyed based on its functional distribution. The types of multi-complexes are classified in three categories of small city, neighborhood and small housing estate regarding its size. As a result of the research, the land-use model of smart green multi complexes according to its types are suggested under consideration of Korean situation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Almost domestic cycleways have been established without characteristic of land uses. These cycleways can always not provide optimal condition for safety and convenience not to speak of efficiency. This research having a purpose to accomplish more safety and convenience has tried to classify cycleways detail and to analyze cycleways types by land uses. It verified the difference among the characteristic of traffic on the land uses using the Chi-square test, and found the land use that had the strongest characteristic. Finally, it has proposed the suitable cycleway types to land uses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.39-56
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• 2011

This study proposed a traffic accident prediction model developed based on administrative districts of Seoul. The model was to find the relationship between accident rates and the representative land usage of the districts (development density) - the higher the development density (building floor area) is, the higher the traffic accident rate is. The findings showed that traffic accident statistics differ from (1) residential building floor area, (2) commercial building floor area and (3) business building floor area.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the landscape type on Chunchon by CG(computer graphics) pictures and visibility analysis. The land use CG picture and the land cover CG picture are created by using Zoning area data and DEM(digital elevation model), and by using data of land cover classification and DEM. According to the analysis result of the land cover from 1989 to 2000, the city area has increased to $7.7km^2$, the green area has diminished to $12.7km^2$. The tendency of the city area increases and the green area decreases which appear in the city area, developmental restriction zone and green area on land use. The landscape is classified into three types by cluster analysis using the area rate of the element which constitutes the land use CG picture. Type 1 is a landscape characteristics of developmental restriction zone. Type 2 is a landscape characteristics of green land and type 3 is a landscape characteristics based on city area and water area. The increase of city area and decrease of green area are shown in all landscape types of land cover CG pictures. The same tendency is seen in the place where the scenery is of high importance as a result of visible analysis. The preservation and management of the scenery to the green area are requird in developmental restriction zone are required.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.454-461
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• 2015

This study aims to classify the biotope types based on the vegetation community in built-up areas by different land use and to map the plant communities. By classifying biotopes according to a taxonomic system, the characteristics of a biological community can be well-represented. The biotope classification indexes for the target area include human behavioral factors such as land use intensity, land-use patterns and land-cover types. The type classification was divided into four hierarchic ranks starting with Biotope Class, next by Biotope Group and Biotope Type and lastly by Biotope Sub-Type. The Biotope Class was first divided into two areas: the areas improved by humans and the areas unimproved by humans. The improved areas were again divided into permeable and non-permeable regions on the Biotope Group level. In the Biotope Type level, permeable paving areas were divided into areas with wide gap pavers and those with narrow gap pavers. The differential species of each biotope type are Lindera glauca, Conyza canadensis, Mazus pumilus, Vicia tetrasperma, Crepidiastrum sonchifolium, Zoysis japonica, Potentilla supina and Festuca arundinacea. The results of this study suggest that the biotope classification methodology, using a subjective phytosociological approach, is a useful and valuable tool and the results also suggest the possibility of applying more objective and scientific methods in mapping and classifying various environments.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.801-811
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find out how land cover and planting of an urban park influence temperature. Field research on the land cover and planting status was conducted for Bundang Central Park in Sungnam-si. 30 study plots in the site were selected to closely analyze land cover type and planting structure. The temperature was measured 10 times for each plot. Land coverage type, planting type, planting layer structure and green space area (the ratio of green coverage, GVZ) were chosen as factors impacting temperature and statistics were analyzed for the actual temperature measured. Analysis on how the land coverage type influences temperature showed that planting site had a low temperature and that grassland and paved land had a high temperature. When it comes to planting type, the temperature at the land planted with conifers and broad-leaved trees was low, while the temperature at grassland and paved land was high. With regard to planting layer structure, canopy and canopy-underplanting type showed low temperature, while grassland and paved land showed high temperature. An analysis on the relation between green space area and temperature found out that both ratio of green coverage and GVZ had a high level of negative correlation with the temperature measured. According to regression model of green space area and the temperature measured, for every 1% increase in the ratio of green coverage, temperature is expected to lower by $0.002^{\circ}C$. Also, for every $1m^3/m^2$ increase in GVZ, temperature is expected to go down by $0.122^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze reasonable green area ratios for mitigating urban heat island considering various land use types. Land uses of 5 types such as single residential, multi residential, commercial area, public facility, and industrial area were considered. Green areas were extracted from the tree attribution of land cover. Effect of urban heat island was analysed by the surface temperature of ASTER thermal infrared radiance scanned daytime and nighttime. Mitigation effect of green area at daytime was higher than nighttime. Surface temperature of green area was low in single residential at daytime. But the difference of surface temperature by each land use type was small. The effect of surface temperature mitigation of green area was lower in industrial area. The results of reasonable green area ratios for mitigating urban heat island indicate that surface temperature was the lowest with green area ratio of 40~50% in single residential, multi residential, and commercial area at daytime. Surface temperature of nighttime was not changed much by green area ratios. Therefore, the results of this study will be suggested in urban development planning to construct effectively green area for mitigating urban heat island.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2008

현재 북한 토지피복 특성 중의 하나인 과도한 산지의 농지로의 전용은 홍수 등 자연재해를 일으키는 원인이 되고 있지만 북한에 대한 참조자료의 부족으로 피해규모나 상황에 대한 이해가 부족하다. 본 연구는 북한 양강도 산간지역을 대상으로 개간농지와 산림의 토지피복특성을 가을시기(2005 년 10 월 25 일) Quickbird (<0.6m) 위성영상의 육안분석과 분광특성을 이용하여 정확한 토지피복분류에의 기초 정보를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 토지피복 유형별 Training area 의 ROI(Region of Interest)의 면적은 2500pixel 로 하였고, 이것을 다시 .shp 파일로 변환하여 GoogleEarth 에서 표고 및 경사 등 보다 자세한 지형지물을 확인하였다. Quickbird 영상의 NDVI 분석을 통해 0.2 정도에서 식생과 농경지로 구분하는 임계값(Threshold)을 추정할 수 있었지만 늦게까지 추수를 끝내지 않은 농작물이나 이모작 농작물의 경우는 산림과 혼재되어 나타나고 있었다. 또한, 산림의 북사면은 수역 다음으로 낮은 NDVI 값을 나타내어 지형의 영향이 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다.