• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2022

가뭄시 유역 수문량은 하천수/지하수 취·배수, 하·폐수방류량, 용수재이용 등 복잡한 물이용체계에 따른 영향이 크지만 기존 가뭄시 수문량 평가는 이러한 복잡한 물이용체계를 고려하지 않아 정도 높은 예측에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 가뭄시 유력 내 상세물이용체계 및 수문환경특성 인자들의 상호작용 규명을 통한 정도 높은 수문량 평가 기술의 개발이 시급하다. 대하천 주변 광역상수도 공급지역은 가뭄 발생시에도 안정적으로 물이용이 가능하나, 중소하천을 수원으로 하는 하천의 상류지역은 가뭄시 물공급 안정성이 취약하다. 따라서 중소하천을 대상으로 가뭄시 물 공급시설의 효율적 운영, 물부족 위험도 평가, 가용수자원의 최적이용 등 종합적인 대책 마련을 위해서는 신뢰성 높은 수문량(하천유출량 및 수자원가용량) 예측이 필요하다. 가뭄에 따른 중소하천유역의 수문학적 유출거동을 평가하기 위한 해석 모형으로는 국내의 복잡한 유역 수문환경특성을 평가하기 위해 개발된CAT (Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)(김현준 등, 2012)을 이용하였다. CAT은 기후변화나 토지이용변화에 따른 유역의 수문환경특성 변동성을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 개발된 모형이다. CAT은 인위적인 물이용체계 즉, 광역급수, 용수재이용, 지하수 취수, 하천수 취·배수 등을 분석하기 위한 툴을 제공하므로 가뭄시 상세물이용체계에 따른 시·공간적 수문환경특성 분석 및 수문량 평가를 위한 최적의 모형으로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 중소하천유역의 수문량 예측기술 실용화 기반을 마련하기 위하여 낙동강, 금강, 영산/섬진강 중권역을 대상으로 정밀 시공간 수문량을 평가하였다. 각 권역별 보정지점을 기준으로 관측유량 자료와 모의자료의 1:1비교를 통해 수문량 예측정확도를 산정하였으며, 모형효율(Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency, NSE) 및 결정계수(Coefficient of Determination, R²)의 권역별 평균은 NSE 72%, R2 79%로 나타났으며, 대부분의 지점에서 70% 이상을 나타내어 환경부 및 지자체의 가뭄시 물관리 정책을 지원하기 위한 실용화 기반을 마련하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.510-511
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• 2022

물관리기본법의 시행 및 제1차 국가물관리기본계획의 이행에 따라 물관리 자료의 정보화 요구가 증가하고 있다. 과거 농업용수관리는 기초자료의 오류, 계측데이터의 부족 등이 한계점으로 지적되었으며, 과학화·표준화된 농업용수 물수급 분석 체계 구축 및 물정보의 정확성이 요구된다. 최근 통합물관리 국가정책 대응을 위한 물수급 분석 기반 마련을 목적으로 한국농어촌공사에서는 농업용수 용 배수 계통 정밀조사, 공간자료 재구축 등을 통한 농업용수 디지털 정보체계 구축 사업이 진행되고 있다. 연속수치지형도 및 토지피복, 스마트팜맵 등의 디지털 공간자료를 수집하고 현장조사와 영농조사를 바탕으로 최신화된 용배수계통도, 수혜면적 자료를 구축하였다. 본 연구에서는 디지털화한 용배수계통도를 이용하여 수리해석 모델 기초자료를 구축하고, 들녘단위 (주·보조수원, 저수지 및 양수장 등) 용수계통도 구현함으로써 수원공별 용수공급 네트워크를 분석하고자 한다. 농업용수 공급체계 반영이 가능한 EPA-SWMM (United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model)을 활용하여 다양한 물공급 시나리오를 적용하여 최적의 물관리 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 경기도 안성시 고삼저수지를 대상으로 연속수치지형도, 농경지전자지도, 고해상도 DEM 등을 활용한 디지털 조사와 수로 표고, 길이 및 너비 등 현장조사를 수행하였으며, 현장 물관리 방안을 적용하여 물분배 모의가 가능한 EPA-SWMM 기반 수원공-용수로-수혜구역을 연결하는 용수공급 네트워크를 구축하였다. 농촌용수종합정보시스템 (Rural Agricultural Water Resource Information System, RAWRIS)에서 제공하는 계측 자료를 활용하여 관개기간의 강수량, 소비수량, 증발산량, 공급량 등을 적용하여 농업용수 공급량, 배분량을 추정하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 물관리 담당자에게 상세한 현행 용수공급량 및 용수공급체계 정보 제공과 향후 국가물관리기본계획, 농어촌용수이용합리화계획의 물수급 분석 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2022

앞으로 10년간 세계의 생물다양성 보전을 위한 유엔 생물다양성협약 당사국 총회가 2022년 12월 캐나다 몬트리올에서 열린다. 전 세계 전문가와 정책입안자들이 여러 내용을 다루지만 그중에서도 염기서열 정보에 관한 내용을 집중적으로 소개한다. 우선 생물다양성협약에서의 이익공유에 관한 내용은 북아시아 원산인 콩을 현재 대량으로 재배하고 수확하고 있는 미국, 브라질 등의 사례를 선별하여 소개한다. 이어서 생물다양성협약 체결 전후의 생물자원에 대한 인식 변화로 인해 국제적으로 합의한 나고야 의정서의 주요 핵심 내용을 발표한다. 그러나, 최근의 합성생물학은 유전정보만을 가지고 설계자의 의도대로 실물 생물자원 없이 새로운 생물과 원하는 물질을 합성할 수 있기에 국제적으로 마찰이 발생하고 있다. 유전공학과 합성생물학에서 가장 기본적으로 이용하고 있는 유전정보를 생물다양성협약에서는 어떻게 정의하고 있는지, 그리고 이익을 어떻게 공유하는지 알아본다. 생물자원 이용 국가들은 유전정보는 물리적인 실체가 없기에 이익공유대상이 아님을 주장하면서 유전정보는 원하는 누구에게나 이용되어야 한다고 보고 있다. 반면 생물자원 풍부국 입장은 생명과학기술 발전으로 인해 원산지 국가의 허가 없이 생물 유전정보를 활용하는 것은 생물 주권의 침해로 보고 있으며, 유전정보를 실물 생물자원과 동일하게 취급하여 나고야 의정서상의 이익공유를 요구하고 있다. 유전정보에 대한 대한민국의 공식적인 입장과 제 14차 협약 총회에서 합의한 결정문을 소개한다. 또한, 2019년 생물다양성과학기구(IPBES)에서 지구의 생물다양성과 생태계를 평가한 보고서에서 생물 멸종의 위협요인으로 제시된 토지이용 변화, 남획, 기후변화, 오염, 외래종에 대한 문제점을 기반으로 작성된 post-2020 생물다양성협약 10개년 실행 목표를 알아보고 2022년 12월 개최하는 제15차 당사국총회의 주요 의제에 대한 전망과 최근 문제가 되고 있는 '공동의 그러나 차별적인 책임(CBDR, Common But Differentiated Responsibility)'의 개념을 소개한다.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2024

In this study, we examined the applicability of UAV LiDAR for cadastral surveying and proposed the results. For this purpose, an experimental area was selected and point cloud data was created by scanning the terrain using UAV LiDAR. Since there is no comparative verification target in the forest area, the coordinates of the verification points were obtained by directly surveying the ridge and valley lines prescribed by the current law. Based on these points, the point cloud density within a 7cm radius was analyzed. As a result, an average of 46 point clouds were generated within a circle with a radius of 7 centimeters, which can build a more precise topography of the forest area, proving that precise cadastral surveying is possible. In the case of UAV LiDAR, it is expected that the boundaries of forest areas can be extracted more accurately and efficiently without the influence of trees compared to the existing cadastral survey method. This is expected to have many advantages in various fields that want to use it in the future, such as the creation of stereoscopic maps of forest areas and terrain modeling for disaster safety in the forest areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.398-412
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the roles of the forest-land registry system in the Forest Law of 1908 and the effects this system had on the colonial forest-land policy used in Korea under the influence of Japanese Imperialism. This was started under the Profit-sharing Forest System which was one of the policies for disposing of the Korean national forests. The purpose of this system was to establish forest-land ownership, a fundamental human right. This system was enforced by the Japanese Colonial Government without regard to the customary and important right of Koreans to use the forests, and without considering the distinction between national and private forests. Koreans understood that this system was a warning sign of a tax being imposing on forest-land owners. Furthermore, Koreans thought the Japanese were using this system to deprive them of their forest-land. The strata of Koreans reporting ownership were very limited and included the intellectual(upper-middle) class, higher officials in counties and townships, relatives and relations of these officials, and survey agents. In particular the actual owners could not submit a report registering their land in this system because the required survey cost more than the value of the forest-land. Within the time period specified by the Japanese Colonial Government, about 520,000 registries were reported involving 2.2 million Jung-bo(.9917 hectare) with most of these coming during the last five months of reporting period. Koreans made a reasonable request to extend the deadline, but it was refused. After the reporting period expired there were no follow-up measures such as verification of the reported registrations nor establishment of boundaries between national and private forests. According to Article 19 in the Forest Law of 1908 about 14 million Jung-bo, which was not registered within the reporting period was nationalized. The colonial forest-land policy used in Korea by the Japanese Colonial Government was as follows : (1) to create a large number of national forests in the early period of their rule, (2) to divide these national forests into indispensible national forests and dispensible national forests, and (3) to transfer ownership of the dispensible national forests to colonial Japanese. To achieve the latter, the occupational government needed a method to insure ownership. They devised a tree-planting scheme in which the national forests classified as disposable were "loaned" and then transferred to these Japanese. The actual Korean owners claimed title to this forest-land and asked for the eviction of the new owners but the Japanese occupation government rejected these suits using the excuse that previous Korean owners did not submit the required registration report within the specified time period. In short the Principle of Forest-land Registry was used as a means to consolidate the forest-lands of Korea and distribute large portions of it to Japanese citizens after seizing it from the rightful Korean owners.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.73-98
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• 2016

This is a case review of the Korean Supreme Court about international jurisdiction over a foreign-related case. This case is a guideline to other following cases how Korean court has international jurisdiction over the foreign elements cases. This case was an air crash accident in Busan, Korea. And the applicant was a chinese who was parents of flight attendant. The defendant was Air China. The applicant suid the defendant in Korea court, requesting for compensation for damages based on the contract of employment between died employee and the defendant and tort. The trial court rejected jurisdiction. But Supreme court granted jurisdiction on Korean court. The court determined the jurisdiction by the Korean Private International Law Act(KPILA). The KPILA has a concept of 'substantial connection', it is a main legal analysis to determine the jurisdiction. In the act, Article 2 Paragraph 1 says "In case a party or a case in dispute is substantively related to the Republic of Korea, a court shall have the international jurisdiction. In this case, the court shall obey reasonable principles, compatible to the ideology of the allocation of international jurisdiction, in judging the existence of the substantive relations." And Article 2 Paragraph 2 declares "A court shall judge whether or not it has the international jurisdiction in the light of jurisdictional provisions of domestic laws and shall take a full consideration of the unique nature of international jurisdiction in the light of the purport of the provision of paragraph (1)." In this case review find concepts, theories and cases out to clarify the meaning about Article 2 of the KPILA. Also it quoted from the concept of "the base rule" in Rome I (Regulation (EC) 593/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations) to apply the contract of employment between flight attendant and Air carrier.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2017

Recently, urban regeneration is being actively promoted in Korea and among those Jeonju Hanok Village is the major project which is the most consistently promoted. For this, visitors of Jeonju Hanok Village are skyrocketing. However, due to this condition, various problems are occurring, especially about commercialization. In this regard, this study is to suggest management of the Jeonju Hanok Village and new orientation in the policy, by analyzing physical, economic, and social status due to urban regeneration for Jeonju Hanok Village which has lost its identity and been commercialized. For this, the study analyzed changes in land usage and real transaction price, SNS data. Firstly, in the physical analysis, the study realized that there is commercialization going around the main streets of Jeonju Hanok Village. Due to the rapid commercialization, living spaces for locals are replaced to commercial spaces for tourists, and the emigration of locals is caused by economic/environmental damages with the degradation of housing environments. Secondly, in the economic analysis, there was no gap in real transactions among streets in 2010 but has shown a valid gap in 2016. The traffic of tourists is heavy and the real transaction prices of streets that are adjacent to major tourist sights rose the most. Rising real transaction prices are a positive phenomenon in the aspect of the city regeneration but it is concerned that they can be perceived as investment subjects. Thirdly, in the social analysis, tourists are using commercial aspects more than historical or cultural sites, and have lots of interest on those. However, because there are also lots of opinions about the commercialization of Hanok Village, we think the plans which can establish the identity of Hanok Village should be prepared. The study has its meaning on analyzing reality based on the land usage, real transaction, SNS data and suggesting political implications.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.559-568
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• 2011

This study aims at listing up those manufacturing activities sensitive to regional characteristics by analyzing locational hierarchy designed on the urban rank-size rule. This locational hierarchy by manufacturing activities is expected to provide a ground for the proper supply of an industrial complex. The analysis of the locational hierarchy by manufacturing activities can work as a method of observing the characteristics of the distribution of location for each economic activity by analyzing the trend in the change of manufacturing location. Consequently, it can be used to determine the appropriate manufacturing activities for the industrial complex of a particular region. Here, the locational hierarchy is analyzed depending on the base of the basic local government such as Gun(district level) and Si(city level), and manufacturing activities are categorized by Korea Standard Industry Code. Those activities demonstrating growth pattern are Manufacture of Electronic Equipment(KSIC 26), Manufacture of Medical Precision Optical Instruments Watch(KSIC 27), Manufacture of Motor Vehicles (KSIC 30, 31), etc. With proper infrastructures, these activities can be located everywhere. Those sectors on the decline pattern in the locational hierarchy can be summarized as Manufacture of Tobacco Products(KSIC 12), Manufacture of wearing apparel Fur Articles(KSIC 14), etc. Those sectors scattered widely in the locational hierarchy are Manufacture of Food Products(KSIC 10), Manufacture of Coke Petroleum Products(KSIC 19), Manufacture of Chemical Products(KSIC 20), Manufacture of Electronic Equipment(KSIC 26). These particular manufacturing activities can be operated in those regions in a sufficient supply of unskilled workers regardless of proper infrastructures. Those activities that have a tendency to reconcentrate on larger cities are Manufacture of Textiles(KSIC 13), Manufacture of Wearing Apparel Clothing Fur Articles(KSIC 14), Manufacture of Other Transport Equiptmen(KSIC 31). In most cases, these sectors tend to favor their existing agglomerated areas and concentrate around large cities. Therefore, it is inefficient to promote these sectors in small or medium-sized cities or underdeveloped regions. The establishment of developmental strategies of an industrial complex can gain greater competitiveness by observing such characteristics of the locational hierarchy.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.51-65
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• 2021

There were strong criticisms against the joint development method: the redevelopment corporation and developers would achieve the whole development profit. The existing tenants who lost their housing in the site argued their right to reside in the site after the development was completed. There was also strong political pressure that the Roh Tae-woo governing administration should resolve the social inequality caused by the situation. In such circumstances, it was introduced that a certain proportion of public rental housing should be built in the redevelopment site; then the government took over the dwellings at a price of construction and allocated them to the existing tenants. The aims of this paper are to understand the rationale behind the inclusion of the public rental housing in the redevelopment sites; and to investigate to what extent the legislation was implemented appropriately. Although the legislation was introduced in Seoul from August 1989, it was not until May 2005 when it was implemented nationwide. At the beginning, there was an ambiguous rule that the number of public housing to be included should be limited to the number of households who would want to remain in the redeveloped site. In 2005 the Seoul metropolitan authority introduced a mandatory proportion; 17% of the total housing delivered in the site should be public rental homes. Since then the proportion. The proportion has been fluctuated by the political agenda of each ruling party: the conservative tended to reduce the proportion, whilst the opposition parties increased the proportion. Currently the proportion is 20% of the total stock to be built. Initially the size of the public housing was exceptionally small- less than 40 m² but it has increased up to 60 m² since 2010. The rental price was reasonably lower than market rent. The competition toward redevelopment rental housing that are vacant due to move or death of tenants was very high; it was given to one household out of nine eligible households in 2020.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_2
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• pp.1723-1735
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• 2022

Landslides are one of the most prevalent natural disasters, threating both humans and property. Also landslides can cause damage at the national level, so effective prediction and prevention are essential. Research to produce a landslide susceptibility map with high accuracy is steadily being conducted, and various models have been applied to landslide susceptibility analysis. Pixel-based machine learning models such as frequency ratio models, logistic regression models, ensembles models, and Artificial Neural Networks have been mainly applied. Recent studies have shown that the kernel-based convolutional neural network (CNN) technique is effective and that the spatial characteristics of input data have a significant effect on the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to analyze landslide vulnerability using a pixel-based deep neural network model and a patch-based convolutional neural network model. The research area was set up in Gangwon-do, including Inje, Gangneung, and Pyeongchang, where landslides occurred frequently and damaged. Landslide-related factors include slope, curvature, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic position index (TPI), timber diameter, timber age, lithology, land use, soil depth, soil parent material, lineament density, fault density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) were used. Landslide-related factors were built into a spatial database through data preprocessing, and landslide susceptibility map was predicted using deep neural network (DNN) and CNN models. The model and landslide susceptibility map were verified through average precision (AP) and root mean square errors (RMSE), and as a result of the verification, the patch-based CNN model showed 3.4% improved performance compared to the pixel-based DNN model. The results of this study can be used to predict landslides and are expected to serve as a scientific basis for establishing land use policies and landslide management policies.