• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.262-271
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate incorporation ratio of soil amendment 'Profile' to improve soil physicochemical properties and turfgrass growth. The soil amendment was added 0 (sand only), 3, 5, 7, and 10% to USGA Green-spec green sand soil. As incorporated with more 'Profile' amendment, soil electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), capillary porosity and total porosity of root zone were increased than those of control, while bulk density and hydraulic conductivity decreased. Turfgrass index and clipping yield of creeping bentgrass grown in sand soil incorporated with 7% 'Profile' were improved than those of control. Correlation coefficient of turf color index and incorporation ratio of the soil amendment 'Profile' was found to show significantly positive correlation. These results indicated that application of the soil amendment 'Profile' to sand soil in golf course green improved turfgrass growth and quality by increasing CEC and porosity of root zone.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2007

To examine the effects of amendments on heavy mineral oil degradation, a pilot scale experiment was conducted for over 105days. During the experiment, soil samples were collected and analyzed periodically for the determination of residual hydrocarbon and microbial activities. At the end of the experiment, the initial level of contamination ($6,205{\pm}173mgkg^{-1}$) was reduced by $33{\sim}45%$ in the amendment amended soil; whereas only 8% of the hydrocarbon was eliminated in the non-amended soil. Heavy mineral oil degradation was much faster and more complete in compost amended soils. Enhanced dissipation of heavy mineral oil in compost amended soil might be derived from increased microbial activities (respiration, microbial biomass-C) and soil enzyme activity(lipase, dehydrogenase, and FDA hydrolase) were strongly correlated with heavy mineral oil biodegradaton (P < 0.01).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND: Cultivation area using agricultural plastic film facilities in Korea is rapidly increasing every year; however, it accelerates the salt accumulation in soils due to repeated cultivation and excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Coal ash contains various trace elements and has high potential to be used in agricultural purposes. This research was aimed to improve the quality of salts-accumulated soils and crop growth grown in the plastic film facilities using the soil amendment derived from coal ash and zero-valent iron powder. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil amendment used in the study was manufactured using coal ash with iron powder and subjected to a typical upland soil for soil quality enhancement and two salts-accumulated soils for crop growth. After one month incubation of the salts-accumulated soils treated with the soil amendment, soil pH increased significantly and soil EC decreased by approximately 50%, compared to the control or the treatment without the soil amendment. Since the soil salts' concentration is proportional to EC, the subjected soil amendment can be proposed as an effective way to overcome soil salts accumulation in agricultural plastic film facilities. For crop growth, the length of roots and stems increased by approximately 10% and the dry weight also increased by a maximum of 75%, compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The soil amendment made from waste resources such as coal ash and zero-valent iron was found to not only be effective in improving salt-accumulated soils and crop yield but also be safe against harmful heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.260-265
• /
• 2012

Soil respiration under flooded conditions is considered to be very small compared with aerobic soil respiration of soil organic matter. However, anaerobic decomposition of soil plays a key role in carbon cycling in flooded ecosystems. On the other hand, coal-ash wastes, such as fly ash and bottom ash, are known to function as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission and enhancing carbon sequestration in up land soils. In this study, we investigated bottom ash as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission, and thus enhancing carbon sequestration under anaerobic conditions. We observed that amendment of bottom ash without external organic source led to significant reduction in $CO_2$ emission rate and in total cumulative $CO_2$ emission flux over the incubation period, which was proportional to the amount of bottom ash applied. We also found that soil microbial biomass increased in response to application of bottom ash. These results suggest that bottom ash can be utilized to store $CO_2$ as a stable soil organic carbon in flooded ecosystems, as in aerobic situations.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2020

Highways are characterized by high non-point pollutant emissions due to high traffic volumes and sections that cause abrupt change in driving speed (i.e. rest stations, ticketing office, etc.). Most highways in Korea were constructed with layers that do not allow adequate infiltration. Moreover, non-point pollution reduction facilities were not commonly installed on domestic highways. This study was conducted to evaluate a facility treating highway runoff and develop a cost-effective design for infiltration facilities by using soil amendment techniques. Performing soil amendment increased the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and infiltration rate in the facility by approximately 30% and 20%, respectively. The facility's efficiency of removing non-point pollutants (Total Suspend Soiled (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus, (TP) were also increased by 20%. Performing soil amendment on areas with low permeability can increase the infiltration rates by improving the storage volume capacity, HRT, and infiltration area. The application of infiltration facilities on areas with low permeability should comply with the guidelines presented in the Ministry of Environment's Standards for installation of non-point pollution reduction facilities. However, soil amendment may be necessary if the soil infiltration rate is less than 13 mm/hr.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.807-812
• /
• 2016

Soil amendment, especially addition of clay minerals, has been widely conducted to improve the physical and chemical properties of cultivated soils. However, there are no systematic studies on the effects of the structural type of clay minerals added. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of structural type of clay minerals on physical properties of soils. Two experimental soils, layer-dominant and granule-dominant ones, were mixed with either a layer-type smectite or a granule-type zeolite at a level of 2.0 wt%. It was observed that water permeability of soils was decreased by smectite whereas not significantly changed by zeolite. This effect was much greater in layered clay-dominant soil than in granular clay-dominant soil. Our results clearly indicated that the relationship of structural type between a soil and an amendment plays a decisive role in the soil properties. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the structural types of both soil and amendment be taken into consideration for soil amendment by clay minerals.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2001

In this study farm soil was tested under artificial acid rain(pH = 5.34), which is average pH of Pusan metropolitan area. and to find out the soil's acid neuralization capacity, soil acidity, CEC(cation exchange capacity)and akaline meatals, such as K, Ca and Na were tested. Because oyster shells(OS) had portion of alkaline metals, OS could play a role in acid soil amendment. And soil addition of sewage treatment sludge(STS) could be a alternative for disposal method. The purpose of this study is to evlauate acid soil amendment using STS and OS. In case of soil and STS, mixing ratio was10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3. And STS mixed OS was also added in acid soil as same ratio as STS. Throught the experiment, soil acidity was stationary state with slight decrease, and CEC was also stationary state but with slight increase. Allkaline metals showed differences in concentration, but all of them were tend to decrease. In conclusion, STS mixed OS could play a part in amendment of acid soil.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.101 no.4
• /
• pp.567-573
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to examine the effect of soil amendment treatments [(organic fertilizer: 20 kg $tree^{-1}$; compound fertilizer+wood-char fertilizer: compound fertilizer 4 kg $tree^{-1}$+wood-char 2 kg $tree^{-1}$; lime fertilizer: 3 kg $tree^{-1}$; mixed fertilizer: compound fertilizer 1 kg $tree^{-1}$+organic fertilizer 10 kg $tree^{-1}$+wood-char 1 kg $tree^{-1}$; control (no fertilizer)] on flowering and fruit characteristics in chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z.) orchards in Jinju and Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do. Diameter of fruiting shoot increased generally after soil amendment treatments compared with the control, while number of leaf, female and male flowers were not affected by the treatments. Nut weight increased after soil amendment treatments in Jinju, but was not affected by the treatments in Sancheong. There was a positive correlation between soil pH (r=0.91) or exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ (r=0.99) and nut weight in Jinju and a positive correlation (r=0.97) between organic carbon content and soluble solid concentration, while a negative correlation (r=-0.92) between exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ and soluble solid concentration of nuts in Jinju. However, the nut weight and soluble solid concentration in Sancheong were not correlated with soil properties. The results indicate that the characteristics of flowering and nuts in chestnut orchards depend on soil properties after soil amendment treatments between regions which show better responses on poor sites than on good sites.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.110-115
• /
• 2012

Soil amendments have been used to improve the physical and chemical condition of turf soil, which might optimize turfgrass growth in golf courses. This study was to investigate the effect of inorganic soil amendment (ZC) established in USGA root zone system on growth of creeping bentgrass, cv. 'Penncross' carried out from May to Dec. in 2005 at the nursery on Sinwon Golf Course. To analyze the effects of inorganic soil amendment on pH, specific gravity, infiltration rate, water content, soil hardness, root length, tiller density and dry weight were measured. pH was 6.7-6.8, specific gravity of sand (S) 100% was 1.48 heavier than the other treatments (1.28-1.38). Infiltration rate with ZC 15% + peat moss (P) 5% + S 80% and ZC 10% + S 90% was faster than S 100%. Soil hardness of S 100% was the highest. Root length of creeping bentgrass of P 10% + S 90% (8.6-12.0 cm) was the longest. Tiller density with P 5% + S 95% was more 4-7 ea than other treatments in summer season. In growing season, however, ZC 10% + P 5% + S 85% was more 2-3 ea than others. Dry weight of creeping bentgrass treated by ZC 10% + P 5% + S 85% in summer season and P 5% + S 95% in growing season were heavier than other treatments. It is recommended to combine 5-15% inorganic soil amendment and peat moss 5% with sand in order to sustain soil balance.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2007

Biological amendments consisting of suspensions of selected microorganisms are often used in conjunction with various organic materials for amending soils to improve soil quality and plant growth. The effects of the biological amendment on chemical and biological properties of soil were investigated for a biological amendmentalone and when combined with different organic materials includingmunicipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops (red clover (RC) and spring oats). A liquid preparation of a biological amendment called Effective Microorganisms was sprayed on the tested plots three times over a two-year period. Effective Microorganisms alone did not influence pH, K, or organic matter content in soil. However, increases in P in PL-treated soils in fall of both years andCa in MC-treated soil in fall 2001, and decreases in Ca, Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in RC-planted soil were associated with EM. Increased dehydrogenase(DH) activitiesassociated with Effective Microorganismswere only detected in July (P=0.0222) and October (P=0.0834) for RC-planted soils in the first year. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysisappeared to be enhanced by Effective Microorganisms in soils untreated or treated with MC and oatsbut only sporadically during the sampling period. FDA hydrolysis in both PL- and RC-treated soils as well as DH activity in PL-treated soils decreased with Effective Microorganisms treatment. Effective Microorganisms did not influence substrate utilization patterns expressed by the BIOLOG assay. We conclude that Effective Microorganisms effects on soil chemical and biological properties varied depending on the added organic materials. Effective Microorganisms periodically increased soil DH activity and FDA hydrolysis with RC and with MC plus oats, respectively.