• Title/Summary/Keyword: 토양 화학성

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뽕밭의 생산성의 저해 환경요인과 대책

  • 이원주
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.145-148
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    • 1993
  • 생산성 저해 요인의 제거는 바로 생산성 향상으로 연결된다. 뽕밭의 생산성을 저해하는 요인은 여러가지지만 그 중에서 토양의 이화학적 불량과 농약 공해가 비중이 가장 크다고 볼 수 있다. 우리나라 뽕밭은 입지가 경사지에 많으므로 토심이 얕은데 비해, 뽕나무는 영년성 심근성 작물이므로 식재후 근권의 물리성에 따라 생산성이 좌우되는 비중이 매우 크다. 그러나 식재후 토양 물리성 개량은 화학성 개량보다도 어려우므로 그 결과 생산성이 낮은 상태를 벗어날 수 없다. 따라서 정기적인 심경이나 심토 파쇄를 통한 물리성 개량이 요망된다. 계속적인 금비위주의 비배관리에 의해 강산성 반응을 보이는 토양이 대부분이므로 석회에 의한 산성개량이 필요하다. 질소질의 과다시비는 수량을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라, 엽질을 악화시키고 질산태 질소가 지하로 흘러 들어가 지하수의 오염을 일으켜 청색증과 암을 일으키는 원인이 될 수 있다. 심각한 정도로 축적된 인산과 칼리도 수량을 떨어뜨리고 환경을 해치는 원인이 되므로, 축적 양분의 재활용에 대한 연구가 계속되어져야 한다. 특히 사용의 편리성 때문에 고농도의 복합비료 위주의 비배관리가 반복되고 있는 실정이므로 토양검정을 받아서 단비를 이용하여 적정한 시비를 해야 할 것이다. 이러한 방법은 생산성의 향상, 영농비의 절감, 공해의 유발을 억제하는 여러가지 효과가 있다. 농약과 산업공해로부터 양잠의 보호를 위해서는 안전지대에 잠업의 단지화, 인근 농과와의 대화를 통해서 양잠에 안전한 농약을 사용토록 하는 한편, 연구분야에서는 심도 있는 연구를 통해 양잠농가를 보호할 수 있는 대책의 수립이 요망되고 있다. 종합해서 말하자면 연구기관의 심도있는 연구가 더욱 활발히 이루워져야 할 것이며, 농민은 개발된 새기술에 보다 깊은 관심을 갖고 활용하는 한편, 필요로 하는 기술을 연구기관에 개발을 요청할 정도의 적극적인 자세가 요구된다. 또한 연구기관의 농민의 중간 교량역할을 하는 지도부문에서도 보다 적극적인 활동이 요청된다.

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Changes of the Soil Physic-Chemical Properties and Rice Productions with Organic Materials used in Organic Culture (벼 유기재배에 있어서 유기자재처리에 따른 토양 및 수량 특성 변화)

  • Kim, Hyun-Woo;Kim, Sun-Kook;Seo, Youn-Won;Kim, Hong-Jae;Son, Bo-Gyon;Chung, Doug-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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    • 2009.12a
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    • pp.286-286
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    • 2009
  • 벼 유기재배시 토양양분공급용으로 이용되고 있는 유기자재(금수강산골드)를 대조로 하고 식물성유기 자재(쌀겨팰렛), 동물성유기자재, 식물성과 동물성이 혼합된 유기자재를 질소 성분량(7kg/10a)을 기준으로 하여 이앙 20일전에 전량 기비로 시비하고 경운한 다음 동진1호를 시험품종으로 하여 2년연속 유기 자재와 벼를 재배하면서 일어나는 토양의 이화학적 특성과 벼 생육 및 특성의 변화를 시기별로 조사하였다. 시험 전 토양의 화학성은 전반적으로 유기물은 높고 인산함량은 매우 낮은 조건의 토양이었다. 관행유기자재(금수강산골드)는 20일경에 50% 무기화율을 보였으나, 식물성자재 40~60일경, 동물성자재와 혼합자재(식물성+동물성)는 60~80일경에 47~52% 무기화 정도를 나타내 식물성 자재의 무기화 속도가약 20일정도 빨랐다. 토양 중의 유기물 잔존함량은 식물성자재 > 혼합자재 > 동물성자재 > 관행 순이었으며, 토양 중의 전 질소 잔존함량의 경우 관행유기자재는 처리초기부터 빠르게 감소하는 특성을 보이나, 식물성자재와 혼합 자재는 시비초기와 거의 비슷한 수준을 유지하였고, 동물성 자재는 서서히 감소되는 경향이었다. 토양 물리성은 액상과 공극율 다소 증가되는 경향이었으며 식물성과 혼합유기자재처리구가 컸으며, 토양 유효 입단 형성력에 있어서도 유사한 경향이었다. 벼 수량 특성은 관행유기자재보다 1년차에는 3~9%의 낮았으나, 2년 연속처리를 할 경우 관행유기자재를 처리할 때와 동일한 생산성을 기대할 수 있었다. PME와 $\beta$-Glucosidase의 효소활성은 관행유기자재 < 식물성자재 < 동물성자재 < 혼합유기자재의 순으로 높은 경향을 볼 수 있었다.

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Effect of SCB Liquid Manure Application in Pear Orchard Managed by Cover Crop System on Tree Growth, Potential Nutrient Recovery and Soil Physicochemical Properties (녹비작물 재배 시 SCB 액비 혼용이 배나무 생육 및 양분 환원 가능량, 토양 물리화학성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Seong-Eun;Park, Jin-Myeon;Choi, Dong-Geun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.779-786
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    • 2012
  • Many farmers have been seeking alternatives to chemical fertilizer for successful organic fruit production. This experiment was carried out to investigate the replaceability of chemical fertilizer by cover crop and slurry composting biofiltration (SCB) liquid manure (LM) application in pear orchard. Three treatments were contained in this experiment; cover crop only and cover crop + LM treatment, and control (chemical fertilizer application). Dry weight and mineral contents of gramineous cover crops were significantly increased in LM-combined treatments than that of leguminous species. Bulk density of soil was decreased in rye + LM and hairy vetch + LM treatments, compared with each cover crop treatment. Soil pH was lowest in fertilizer treatment and soil nitrate content became similar between treatments after rainy season. Available soil phosphate was lower in cover crop and cover crop + LM treatmemts than control, but exchangeable Mg was higher. The mineral content and net assimilation rate of leaves showed no difference between the treatments. As a result, it is suggested that the application of SCB liquid manure in pear orchard managed by cover crops is desirable to maintain the productivity by improving soil physical properties and potential nutrient recovery.

The Effects of Timber Harvesting on Soil Chemical Ingredients and Stream Water Quality (성숙임목수확벌채가 토양의 화학성분과 계류수질에 미치는 영향)

  • 박재현;우보명;김우룡;안현철;김재수
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2000
  • The effects of clearcutting on soil chemical ingredients and stream water quality have been investigated at a natural deciduous forest catchment within the Seoul National University Research Forest in Mt. Paekun, Chunnam province during the periods of 1993 to 1998. Soil chemical ingredients and stream water qualities were monitored at a 13 ha clearcutting site and a non-treatment site nearby. During the first and second years after harvesting, the levels of total-N, and exchangeable ions (K/sup +/, Na/sup +/, Ca/sup 2+/, Mg/sup 2+/) decreased compared to the values of before harvesting. During the fifth years after harvesting, these levels were significantly higher than those during the first and second years after harvesting. But the chemical characteristics of soil were not changed at all. pH of water in the harvesting area was 6.5 in stream water. Among the nutrients, Cd, Pb, Cu, and phosphate were not found, and the level of BOD reached at the level of the domestic use suitable for drinking. Turbidity, odor, taste, NH/sub 4//sup +/ -N, NO/sub 3//sup -/-N, standard plate count, and coliform were also low enough to be used as the domestic use for drinking by the near villagers. During the first and second years after harvesting, BOD increased to about 1 ppm. For that reason, the harvesting planning should be built in the harvesting area in consideration of the control of water quality in the stream.

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Rhizome Rot incidence of Platycodon grangiflorus as Influenced by the Soil Chemical Properties and Microbial Flora (토양 화학성과 미생물상이 도라지 근경부패병에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Young-Han;Kim, Jong-Gyun;Park, Sang-Ryeol;Choi, Yong-Jo;Cho, Soo-Jeong;Yun, Han-Dae
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to determine the soil chemical properties and microbial flora of platycodon and their effect on rhizome rot incidence. Sampling sites were Keochang 4, Kimhae 7, Haman 6, Chinju 6 and Koseong 3 fields in Kyongnam province and Hongcheong 6 fields in Kangwon province. The root disease incidence rate was in the order of Haman 56.8%, Hongcheon 52.5%, Kimhae 36.7%, Koechang 35.3%, Chinju 32.3%, Koseong 30.0%. The yield at the Chinju 36.17 Mg/ha was higher than that of Koseong 25.00 Mg/ha, Kimhae 13.57 Mg/ha, Koechang 11.75 Mg/ha, Haman 9.50 Mg/ha, Hongcheon 5.24 Mg/ha. The soil K, $NH_4-N$ content and EC value of injury root were higher than those of normal root. The root CaO content was positively correlated with yield $Y=20505X-367.9(R^2=0.129^{\ast})$. The Fe and Zn content of normal root were higher than those of injury root, while the T-N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ content of normal root were lower than those of injury root. The population of bacteria, actinomycetes and bacteria/fungi ratio increased in soil of normal root, but that of fungi decreased.

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Impact of Application Rates of Pre-planting Liming Fertilizers on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties and Growth of 'Melody Yellow' Pansy in Plug Production (팬지 'Melody Yellow'의 플러그 육묘시 석회질 비료의 시비수준이 토양화학성 변화와 식물생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Poong-Ok;Lee, Jong-Suk;Choi, Jong-Myung
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.735-742
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    • 2010
  • Objective of this research was to investigate the influence of liming fertilizers on changes in soil chemical properties and growth of pansy 'Melody Yellow' in plug production. To achieve this, dolomite (DO) with 0, 1.0, 3.5, 8.0 or $13.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and calcium carbonate (CC) with 0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or $4.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in application rate were incorporated into peatmoss + vermiculite (1:1, v/v) during the formulation. The treatments of $3.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of DO and 2.5 or $3.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of CC had acceptable range of soil solution pH such as 5.6-6.2. Faster rising of pH was observed in root media containing CC rather than those of DO, indicating higher solubility of CC. The soil Ca concentrations in all treatments of CC were 2 times as high as those of DO. The treatments of 3.5 or $8.0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of DO had the highest soil Mg concentrations, but all treatments of CC had lower soil Mg concentrations than control indicating that additional applications of Mg fertilizers are required. The elevated application rate of DO or CC resulted in the increase of fresh and dry weight; however, plant heights were not influenced by application of liming fertilizers. The results of tissue analysis showed that application of DO or CC influenced the Ca and Mg contents, but did not influence the contents of other nutrients such as N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu.

Effects of sulfur on the chemical properties of soil and yield of safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) (유황시용(硫黃施用)이 토양화학성(土壤化學性) 및 홍화종실(紅花種實)의 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Jun-Hong;Kim, Ki-Jae;Park, So-Deuk;Park, Man;Lee, Dong-Hoon;Choi, Choong-Lyeal;Choi, Jyung
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.378-385
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to investigate the sulfur effects on the yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and the chemical properties of soil after sulfur treatment. Sulfur application was conducted with two chemical forms of sulfur powder and potassium sulfate. Sulfur powder was applied to the soil with levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 kg/10a and potassium sulfate was applied to the soil with levels of 10, 20 kg/10a as sulfur content. After sulfur application in soils, pH and available $P_2O_5$ content of soils tend to decrease after experiment, whereas the contents of $SO_4^{2-}$ and active Fe increased in soils. By the application of sulfur, the yields of safflower seed were increased by about $6{\sim}17$ percent compared to the control. It is apparent that seed yield and plant growth of safflower were increased by the sulfur application.

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Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics of River-Bed Sediments in River Basins (하천 퇴적토양의 이화학적 특성)

  • Zhang, Yong-Seon;Sonn, Yeon-Gye;Park, Chan-Won;Hyun, Byung-Keun;Moon, Yong-Hee;Song, Kwan-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.963-969
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    • 2011
  • The river-bed sediments from the major river basins were analysed for the chemical and physical properties to evaluate environmental safety for the agricultural uses. The samples were taken from 16 sites of Han river, 36 of Geumgang river, 27 of Yeongsan river, and 140 of Nakdong river. The total of 219 samples from the 28 counties were taken from the surface of the sediments at the depth of 50 cm. The particle density of the sediments was greater than $2.63Mg\;m^{-3}$ and the whole range of the density was $2.60{\sim}2.69Mg\;m^{-3}$, the average particle size was 0.7 mm whereas the size range was 0.075~0.85 mm. The analyses of the particle sizes by basins showed that Han and Geumgang river had particle sizes of 0.075~0.85 mm, while Geumgang and Yeongsan river had particle sizes of 0.25~0.85 mm. Geumgang and Yeongsan river tended to have greater particle sizes. The average values of the chemical properties were 6.3 for pH, $0.16dS\;m^{-1}$ for EC, $8g\;kg^{-1}$ for organic matter, $101mg\;kg^{-1}$ for available phosphate, 0.39, 3.47, and $0.93cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium respectively. The greatest property at each basin was pH for Han river, Ec, available phosphate and exchangeable sodium for Geumgang river, organic matter, exchangeable calcium and magnesium for Yeongsan river, and exchangeable potassium for Nakdong river.

Effects of Liquid Pig Manure on Growth of Potato, Soil Chemical Properties and Infiltration Water Quality (돈분액비 시용이 감자 생육, 토양화학성 및 침투수질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Ho-Jun;Yang, Sang-Ho;Lee, Shin-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.1130-1136
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to determine the effects of pig slurry on growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima), soil chemistry properties and infiltration water quality in volcanic ash soil and non-volcanic ash soil of Jeju. Fertilization of liquid pig manure was based on nitrogen. In volcanic ash soil and non-volcanic ash soil, there was no difference in the height and diameter of stems in chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure application treatments. Also yields of potatoes were no significantly difference in chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure application treatments. pH in all soil was increased by application of liquid pig manure compared to the chemical fertilizer plot. Contents of exchangeable K in all soil were accumulated excessively by fertilization of pig manure 100% compared to the chemical fertilizer 100%. But there was no difference between the chemical fertilizer 50%+liquid pig manure 50% and chemical fertilizer 100%. No difference between the chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure was observed in available phosphate, exchangeable Ca and Mg. $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water sample collected at 70cm of soil depth was lower non-fertilizer than chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure application treatments. In volcanic ash soil, the $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water was decreased from early, except liquid manure 100%. In non volcanic ash soil, the $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water increased until October 8, but then was reduced. In all soils, $NO_3$-N concentration of infiltration water was higher in the liquid manure 100% than those in the chemical fertilizer 100% and chemical fertilizer 50%+liquid pig manure 50%, but there were no differences. In conclusion, the growth of potato, fertilization of soil and $NO_3$-N content of infiltration water were not different between chemical 50%+liquid pig manure 50% and chemical 100% plot. So, liquid pig manure could be substituted for some amount of chemical fertilizer.