• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.455-457
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• 2004

환경동위원소 기법을 쓰레기 매립장의 침출수 및 주변 지하수에 적용해본 결과 미생물의 활동에 의한 유기물의 분해과정에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 특히 유기물 분해로 생성된 이산화탄소는 일차적으로 침출수의 알칼리도를 높이고 이차적으로 일어나는 이산화탄소의 환원작용에 의하여 메탄가스가 형성되었다. 이러한 과정에서 침출수에 잔류하는 용존무기탄소(DIC)의 탄소 동위원소 조성이 크게 부화되었으며, 아울러 생성된 메탄과의 수소동위원소 교환반응에 의하여 물의 수소 동위원소 조성이 크게 부화되는 특징이 국내에서 처음 관찰되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.94-98
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• 2005

강변여과방식의 시험 취수가 진행 중에 있는 범람원지역의 산화-환원 반응을 밝히기 위해 10개의 간이 관측정을 설치하여 수질 모니터링을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 하천수에 인접한 지역에서 강한 환원환경이 생성되는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 하천수 내 용존 유기 탄소가 인근 범람원 지역에 퇴적 산화되어 나타난 결과였다. 즉 퇴적된 용존 유기 탄소가 감소하면서 용존 산소와 질산성 질소는 감소시키지만, 이러한 환경변화가 수처리 시 문제가 될 수 있는 용존 망간의 농도를 증가시키게 되며, 따라서 향후 이 지역에 대한 추가적인 분석과 함께 집수정으로 통해 유출되는 용존 망간에 대한 대책이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.260-265
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• 2012

Soil respiration under flooded conditions is considered to be very small compared with aerobic soil respiration of soil organic matter. However, anaerobic decomposition of soil plays a key role in carbon cycling in flooded ecosystems. On the other hand, coal-ash wastes, such as fly ash and bottom ash, are known to function as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission and enhancing carbon sequestration in up land soils. In this study, we investigated bottom ash as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission, and thus enhancing carbon sequestration under anaerobic conditions. We observed that amendment of bottom ash without external organic source led to significant reduction in $CO_2$ emission rate and in total cumulative $CO_2$ emission flux over the incubation period, which was proportional to the amount of bottom ash applied. We also found that soil microbial biomass increased in response to application of bottom ash. These results suggest that bottom ash can be utilized to store $CO_2$ as a stable soil organic carbon in flooded ecosystems, as in aerobic situations.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

The goal of this study was to identify relationships between the composition of sulfate reducing bacterial assemblages and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) patterns in rice paddy and dry farming soils. Samples of organic farming soils, conventional farming soils, and dry field farming soils were collected in August and November. Analyses of the soil chemical composition revealed similar total nitrogen, total carbon and total inorganic phosphorus levels; however, the moisture content and total carbon were higher than in the other soils in both August and November, respectively. Sulfate reducing bacteria utilizing lactic acid were more widely distributed than those that used acetic acid, and the number of sulfate reducing bacteria in organic farming soil was most abundant. Phylogenetic analysis based on 181 clones revealed that most showed low similarity with cultured sulfate reducing bacteria, but more than 90% similarity with an uncultured sulfate reducing bacteria isolated from the environment. T-RFLP analysis revealed that fragments of 91, 357, 395, and 474 bp were most common, and the community structure of sulfate reducing bacteria changed seasonally.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2008

The soil developed from volcanic ash in Jeju Island, Korea, were classified as typical Andisols. The soils had acidic pH, high water contents, high organic matters and clay-silty textures. The crystalline minerals of the samples were mainly composed of ferromagnesian minerals such as olivine and pyroxene, and iron oxides such as magnetite and hematite derived from basaltic materials. A large amount of gibbsite was found at the subsurface horizon as a secondary product from the migration of excessive aluminum. In addition, our study has shown that considerable amounts of poorly ordered minerals like allophane and ferrihydrite were present in Jeju soils. The contents of $SiO_2$ were lower than those of other soil orders, but $A1_2O_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$ contents were higher. These results are some of the important chemical properties of Andisols. The contents of heavy metals were in the range of $84{\sim}198$ for Zn, $56{\sim}414$ for Ni, $38{\sim}150$ for Co, $132{\sim}1164\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cr, which are higher than the worldwide values in most of the soils. Some soil samples contained relatively high levels of Cr exceeding 1000 mg/kg. Mean reduction capacity of the Jeju soils was $6.53\;mg\;L^{-1}$ reduced Cr(VI), 5.1 times higher than that of the non-volcanic ash soils from inland of Korea. The soil reduction capacity of the inland soils had a good correlation with total carbon content (R = 0.90). However, in spite of 20 times higher total carbon contents in the Jeju soils, there was a week negative correlation between the reduction capacity and the carbon content (R = -0.469), suggesting that the reduction capacity of Jeju soils is not mainly controlled by the carbon content and affected by other soil properties. Correlations of the reduction capacity with major elements showed that Al and Fe were closely connected with the reduction capacity in Jeju soil (R = 0.793; R = 0.626 respectively). Moreover, the amounts of Ni, Co and Cr had considerable correlations with the reduction capacity (R = 0.538; R = 0.647; R = 0.468 respectively). In particular, in relation to the behavior of redox-sensitive Cr, the oxidation of the trivalent chromium to mobile and toxic hexavalent chromium can be restricted by the high reduction capacity in Jeju soil. The factors controlling the reduction capacity in Jeju soils may have a close relation with the andic soil properties explained by the presence of considerable allophane and ferrihydrite in the soils.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2014

Understanding and quantifying of carbon storage in ecosystem is very important factor for predicting change of global carbon cycle under the global climate change. We estimated total ecosystem carbon in Gyeryongsan National Park with naturally well preserved ecosystem in Korea. Vegetation of Gyeryongsan National Park was classified with mainly four communities with Quercus mongolica (1,743.5 ha, 38.0%), Quercus variabilis (1,174.0 ha, 25.6%), Quercus serrata (971.9 ha, 21.2%), Pinus densiflora (695.2 ha, 15.2%). Biomass and soil carbons were calculated from biomass allometric equations based on the DBH and carbon contents of soil and litter collected in quadrat in each community. The tree biomass carbon was in Quercus variabilis ($130.1tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($111.1tCha^{-1}$), Quercus mongolica ($76.2tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($39.0tCha^{-1}$). Soil carbon storage was in Quercus mongolica ($159.7tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($121.0tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($110.5tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($90.8tCha^{-1}$). Ecosystem carbon storage was Pinus densiflora ($239.9tCha^{-1}$), Quercus mongolica ($235.9tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($226.0tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($165.9tCha^{-1}$), total amount was $867.7tCha^{-1}$. The area of each vegetation carbon storage was Quercus mongolica ($411,200tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($265,300tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($166,800tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($161,200tCha^{-1}$) and the total ecosystem carbon amount estimated $1,045,400tCha^{-1}$ at Gyeryongsan National Park. Theses results indicate that different in naturally well preserved ecosystem.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.260-263
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• 2002

이 연구는 과량의 유분(dodecane)으로 오염된 토양을 효율적으로 정화시키기 위한 화학적 토양세정(soil flushing)에서 알코올 성분에 의한 유동성을 고찰한 것이다. 탄소수가 다른 알코올 (methanol, ethanol, butanol)과 Tween-80 계면활성제를 세정용액으로 사용하여 혼합비, 조용매 종류 및 체류시간에 따른 세정결과를 도시하였다. 조용매 사용시 세척효율은 최대 94%(Butanol/Tween-80(w/w)=0.1) 이었다. 체류시간의 연장은 재흡착되는 admicelle의 증가로 말미암아 세정효율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.139-140
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• 1993

토양으로부터 Actinomycetes 분리: Actinomycetes는 항생물질이나 항암물질을 많이 생산하는 중요한 균주로 의학계나 농업분야에 널리 이용되고 있다. Adenosine deaminase 저해제를 생산하는 균주를 찾기 위해 토양으로부터 actinomycetes를 분리하였다 Suluble-starch-casein배지와 AS-1배지를 이용하였는데 이들은 탄소원으로 용해성 전분을 공통적으로 함유하고 있다. 나무밑이나 산, 언덕등의 건조한 토양이나 두엄이나, 두엄밑의 토양을 탄산칼슘을 처리하여 주었을 때 actinomycetes가 많이 생장하는 것으로 알려져 있으므로 이러한 흙들을 채취하여 actinomycetes 분리에 이용하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2016

Comparison of Organic carbon in the Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Gumgang were investigated. Carbon in above and below ground standing biomass, litter layer, and soil organic carbon were measured from September 2013 through August 2014. For the estimation of carbon cycling, soil respiration was measured. The amount of carbon allocated to above and below ground biomass in Q. mongolica and P. densiflora forest was 115.07/34.36, $28.77/8.59ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Amount of organic carbon in annual litterfall in Q. mongolica and P. densiflora forest was 4.89, $6.02ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Amount of organic carbon within 50cm soil depth was 132.78, $59.72ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$ $50cm-depth^{-1}$, respectively. Total amount of organic carbon in Q. mongolica and P. densiflora forest estimated to 281.52, $108.69ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Amount of organic carbon returned to the forest via litterfall in Q. mongolica and P. densiflora forest was 2.83, $2.20ton\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The amount of organic carbon absorbed from the atmosphere of this Q. mongolica and P. densiflora forest was 3.90, $0.81ton\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ respectively. Absorption of organic carbon in Q. mongolica forest was remarkably higher than P. densiflora forest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.304-305
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• 2009

시설재배지의 토양화학성 변화는 작물재배 기간 시비한 화학비료에서 유래된 무기성분 뿐만아니라, 가축분퇴비의 질소성분의 토양잔류량이 요소비료 보다 9.4배 많아 염류집적 주 요인이라는 보고('05 경기도)가 시사하는 봐와 같이 유기자원으로 시용하는 가축분 등의 부산물비료의 무기화에서 유래된 비료성분이 토양염류집적 및 토양환경악화에 더 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 시설재배지의 유기물자원 시용기준이 토양의 특성에 관계 없이 작물에 따라 양적인 시험성적이 주로되어 있으며, 토양검정에 의한 시용기준도 유기물함량에 따라 볏짚, 우분, 돈분 및 계분으로 돠어 있다. 일반노지와 달리 시설재배지에서는 유기물함량이 토양의 비옥도 및 작물생육에 영향을 미치는 것 보다는 토양의 전기전도도(EC)가 더 중요한 작물생육 조건이 될 수 있다. 따라서 토양의 특성에 따라 물질순환에 의한 유기자원 시용기준으로 개선할 필요성이 있다. 시설재배지의 장기적인 토양관리를 위하여 유기물자원에 의한 토양환경 개선 효과를 구명하고자. 무처리, 가축분부산 물비료 관행 시용 기준 대비 볏짚 등 5개의 유기자원을 토양의 무기태질소 함량 대비 유기자원의 탄소함량을 C/N율 10 조절량을 시용하여 시험하였고, 또한 토양의 전기전도도(EC)가 상이한 3개( <2.0 dS/m, 2.0~6.0 dS/m, 6.0 dS/m<)토양에 유기물자원(우드칩)을 C/N율 10, 20, 30 조절하여 수박을 시험작물로 비닐하우스에서 재배하여 수행하였다. 시험 후 토양의 전기전도도(EC)는 시험 전에 비하여 시험 후 토양에서 가축분부산물비료는7% 증가되었으나 유기물자원 처리는 26~33% 경감되는 효과가 있었다. 수박의 과중은 무처리를 제외하고 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 유기물자원 C/N율 조절간에는 시험전 토양의 EC에 따라 차이가 있어 C/N 10 조절에서는 26~44%, C/N 20 조절에서는 30~51%, C/N 30 조절에서는 27~48% 경감효과가 있었으며, 3토양의 평균 토양EC 경감율은 C/N 10, 20, 30 조절에서 각각 34, 39 및 38 % 이었다. 수박의 생육 및 과중은 토양의 C/N율 조절간에는 차이가 없었으나, 토양의 EC 간에는 토양의 EC가 6.0dS/m 이상 토양에서 가장 낮았다. 따라서 탄소원의 유기자원을 C/N율 조절에 의한 시용기준 개선으로 토양의 무기태질소와 토양의 전기전도도(EC)를 경감시켜 친환경적 토양관리와 수박의 수량과 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 평가되었다.