• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2023

Soil contaminants measured and managed in Korea include those of geologic origin such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, mercury, and fluoride. This study identifies the distribution of these contaminants using GIS modeling to analyze the spatial probability of soil contamination originating from geology. The modeling found that cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and mercury often exceed the regulated standard by <1%. Concentrations of arsenic and zinc greatly exceeded the standard in the vicinity of mines and industrial complexes: mining and industry seemed to have substantial effects on the concentrations of these metals. Although fluoride was sampled at the lowest number of points, its frequency of exceeding the standard was the highest. No obvious source of artificial contamination has been identified, and fluoride's distribution characteristics showed continuity over a wide area, suggesting a strong correlation between geological characteristics and fluoride concentration. The highest frequencies of fluoride exceeding the standard were in Jurassic granite (40.00%) and Precambrian banded gneiss (34.12%). As these rocks contributed to the formation of soil through their weathering, high fluoride concentrations can be expected in soil in areas where these rocks are distributed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1997

Soil pollution intensity at Mt. Namsan in Seoul city which was expected to show significant soil contamination due to long-term air pollution was evaluated by comparing soil chemical properties at Mt. Kyebangsan in Hongcheon area as a control, and the bacteria participating in nitrogen or sulfur mineralization were assayed simultaneously in order to evaluate the validity of N and/or S mineralization bacteria as an index of soil contamination. The soil of Mt. Namsan showed 10 times higher concentration of hydrogen ion compared to that of Mt. Kyebangsan, which indicated that the soil had relatively been acidified seriously. Especially, large amount of canons were thought to be leached out from the soil, while the amount of extractable Al was getting larger and larger, which result in serious problems in soil ecosystem of the mountain. I could infer from soil chemical properties of the four study sites that the major reason of soil acidification was SOx deposition. However, the sulfur-reducing bacteria were not significantly different between the two regions, which indicated that the microbial dynamics of the soil ecosystem was not controlled by simple factor, but by multiple factors. By the way, the dynamics of bacteria participating in denitrification process was different between the two regions, which was more active at Mt. Kyebangsan than at Mt. Namsan. Thus, the microbial assay for nitrogen mineralization is desirable to be examined as a tool for evaluating soil health or microbial activity in soil ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2003

The adsorption characteristics of [$^{14}C$] mefenacet were investigated with six types of soil collected from different locations. The equilibrium time for adsorption was five hours. The adsorption coefficient(Kf) of Namwon series (volcanic ash soil) showed the highest value of 89.2 while Daejeon series (loamy sand) showed the lowest value of 2.37. The Kf values decreased in order of silty clay loam > silty loam > loamy sand > sandy loam, and the effect of soil properties on the adsorption of mefenacet in soil increased in order of clay mineral < CEC < organic matter. No significant effect was observed by the change of soil pH. The ground water ubiquity scores (GUS index) were $1.20{\sim}1.77$ in three types of soil while $1.81{\sim}2.42$ in the others, indicating that the former group belonged to nonleachers and the latter group to the transitional. Mefenacet in the test soil series seemed to have low possibility of contaminating ground water.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2012

As SCB liquid fertilizer (SCB) produced from or out of livestock manure by slurry composting and biofiltration process was applied in golf course, the effect on soil properties and water quality was little investigated. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the SCB liquid fertilizer application on environment by monitoring chemical property of soil and water quality of pond as applied chemical fertilizer (CF) and SCB. SCB application rarely contaminated the soil and pond in golf course and decreased organic matter, CEC and Ca in soil and pH and T-N for water quality of pond. In correlation coefficient between soil property parameters, water quality parameters and water quality items, SCB applied in golf course decreased organic matter and CEC in soil and increased SAR in water quality (P<0.01). Nitrogen applied in golf course with SCB or CF was significantly related to T-N in the soil (P<0.01), but not significantly related to T-N in the pond water. These results showed that SCB application little contaminated soil and pond in golf course, and was expected to control of thatch in soil and algae in pond.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.36-39
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• 2002

온양온천 지역 지하수에 대한 수질 조사결과, 심부 피압대수층에서 산출되는 온천수의 수질이 천층의 저온지하수에 강하게 영향을 받고 있음이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 이들 두 종류의 물 사이에서 매우 높은 상대적인 농도차이를 보이는 불소이온농도를 이용하여 천층지하수의 영향정도를 정량화할 수 있었다. 이 같은 방법으로 계산된 천층지하수 영향정도는 온천수취수정에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있었으나, 최소 10 %에서 최대 50%에 이르는 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 같은 관찰결과는 오염에 취약하지 않은 것으로 알려진 심부의 피압대수층도 과도한 양수가 이루어지게 되면 오염에 취약한 천층부의 지하수를 다량 심부로 유입시킴으로써, 점차 오염되어질 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.597-600
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• 2003

용인시 백암취수장 주변 지역의 지하수에 대해 기초적인 지화학적 조사를 수행하였다. 현장측정자료에서는 취수정의 pH와 EC값이 주변지하수보다 지표수와 유사한 값을 보이며, 취수정의 용존산소(DO) 함량이 천층지하수보다 높은 값을 보인다. 더구나 취수정의 경우 NO$_3$함량이 10.5-12.1 mg/L이며 주변 지하수는 7.2-25.3 mg/L, 지표수는 13.1-14.9 mg/L로서 취수정의 설치심도가 70-180m로서 상대적으로 깊은 암반층에 설치되어 있다 하더라도 주변지하수 및 인접 지표수의 혼입에 의해 영향을 받아 오염이 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와 같이 연구 지역은 현재 취수정이 모두 청미천변에 위치하고 있어서, 현재 암반 지하수로 개발하고 있는 취수정 지하수가 주변 천부지하수 및 지표수에 의한 혼입 및 오염가능성이 높기 때문에, 앞으로 장기적인 모니터링 및 지화학적 연구가 지속적으로 이루어 져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.385-389
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• 2004

임기납석광산 폐석적치장 상부의 계곡수로부터 폐석적치장 하부인 수영강 합수지점까지 수계를 따라 물시료 12개 지점을 대상으로 수질 및 안정동위원소 분석을 수행하였다. 폐석적치장으로부터 pH가 2.83이고 Fe, Al, Mn 등으로 심하게 오염된 산성배수가 유출되어 계곡수를 오염시키며 수계의 수질은 $Ca^{2＋}$-SO$_{4}$$^{2－}$ 형태로 변화되고 폐석적치장 주변 수로에 적화현상을 유발하고 있다. 또한 안정동위원소 분석결과 임기납석광산 인근 수계에 가장 큰 오염부하를 유발하는 요소인 침출수(산성배수)의 기원은 강수기원으로 판단된다. 이는 폐석침출수 오염원 평가 및 처리에 유용한 자료로 이용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

A detailed understanding and appreciation of the important mechanisms operating at the soil:root interface, commonly identified as the rhizosphere, is critical for evaluating the potential for particular plant species to be successfully used as part of a phytoremediation technique. For specific plants, mechanisms may exist to overcome the inherit limitation of the phytoremediation technique when poorly mobile soil metals are of interest. In the present study, the influence of root exudates on the rhizosphere chemistry of soil and consequential metal uptake were investigated following culture of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), recognized as a promising plant for land stabilization, in three different long-term contaminated soils and one non-contaminated control soil. The soil solution pH increased (0.3-1.1 units) following vetiver grass culture and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) also significantly increased in all soils with the highest increase in PP02 (23 to $173mg\;L^{-1}$). Chemical changes are contributed to root exudation by vetiver grass when exposed to high concentration of heavy metals. Chemical changes, consequently, influenced metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) solubility and speciation in the rhizosphere. The highest solubility was observed for soil Ko01 (eg. 2091 and $318{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for Cd and Pb, respectively). Initial heavy metal solubility in soils varied with soil and either increased or decreased following vetiver grass culture depending on the soil type. An increase in pH following plant culture generally resulted in a decrease in metal solubility, while elevated DOC due to root exudation resulted in an increase in metal solubility via the formation of metal-DOC complexes. Donnan speciation demonstrated a significant decrease in free Cd and Zn in the rhizosphere and the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in vetiver grass shoot was highly correlated with soluble concentration rather than total soil metal concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.129-130
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• 2002

최근 황사는 지구온난화와 토양의 사막화 등에 의해 발원지가 계속 확대되고 발생빈도 역시 증가하고 있으며 서해안에 인접한 중국의 북동부 공업지역에서 방출되는 오염물질까지 황사에 실려와 심각한 국내의 오염 문제 및 국제 문제로 부각되고 있다. 이들 대기오염물질은 가스상과 입자상으로 구분할 수 있는데, 요즘 입자상 물질의 건성침적량에 관한 연구가 서서히 활기를 띄어가고 있다. 입자의 크기가 0.1-10$\mu\textrm{m}$에 달하면 장거리 이동이 가능하며, 시정악화는 물론 흑비를 내리고, 인체에는 기관지 질환을 유발하기도 한다. (중략)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2022

Arsenic (As) uptake and accumulation from agricultural soil to rice vary depending on the soil environmental conditions such as soil pH, redox potential, clay content, and organic matter (OM) content. Therefore, these factors are important in predicting changes in the uptake and accumulation of As in rice plants. Here, we studied the chemical properties of As-contaminated and/or rice straw compost (RSC)-treated soils, the growth responses of RSC-applied rice plants under As-contaminated soils, the changes in As content of soil, and the relationship between As uptake and accumulation from the RSC-treated soils to the rice organs under As-contaminated soils. Rice plants were cultivated in 30 mg kg^-1 As-contaminated soils under three RSC treatments: 0 (control), 12, and 24 Mg ha^-1. No significant differences were indicated in the chemical properties of pre-experimental (before transplanting rice seedling) soils, with the exception of EC, OM, and available P₂O₅. As the treatment of RSC under 30 mg kg^-1 As-contaminated soils increased, EC, OM, and available P₂O₅ increased proportionally in soil. Increased soil RSC under As-contaminated soils increased shoot dry weight of rice plants at harvesting stage. As content in roots increased proportionally with RSC content, whereas As content in shoots decreased under As-contaminated soil at all stages of rice plants. Nevertheless, As accumulation were significantly decreased in both roots and shoots of RSC-treated rice plants than those in the plants treated without RSC. These results indicate that the use of RSC can mitigate As phytotoxicity and reduce As accumulation in rice plants under As-contaminated soils. Therefore, RSC can potentially be applied to As-contaminated soil for safe crop and forage rice production.