• Title/Summary/Keyword: 토양물리적 특성

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Effect of Napa Cabbage (Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis) Cropping Systems on Soil Physiochemical Properties, Yield and Quality in Alpine Area of South Korea (한국 고랭지 배추 작부체계에 따른 토양, 배추 생산성 및 성분 특성 비교)

  • Bak, Gye Ryeong;Lee, Jeong Tae
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 2021
  • Napa cabbage (Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis) is the main material of Kimchi so that important crop in South Korea. There are two typical napa cabbage cropping systems in the alpine area. One is cultivating napa cabbage annually while another is cultivating napa cabbage and potato biennially. In this research, we evaluated soil physiochemical properties, yield, and mineral contents of napa cabbage depending on two cropping systems. As a result, organic matter, available P2O5, exchangeable K+ was decreased after six-years of cultivation on both cropping systems. However, soil pH was only decreased in a continuous napa cabbage cropping system. Soil porosity is also decreased in both cropping systems on topsoil while is increased in rotation with potato on subsoil. The rotation system showed a significantly higher yield with a higher value of leaf and napa cabbage size than the continuous cropping system. Total nitrogen, Ca2+, and Ma2+ were increased and total carbon and phosphate decreased in both cropping systems after six-years. Especially, total nitrogen and Mg2+ were significantly higher in the continuous system while Ca2+ was higher in the rotation system. In conclusion, the cropping system influences soil physiochemical properties and plant production in an agricultural field.

Study on Application of Filling Material for Reinforcement of Soil Murals in Buddhist Temple (토벽화 균열부 보강에 사용되는 충전제 적용 연구)

  • Lee, Kyeong Min;Lee, Hwa Soo;Han, Kyeong Soon
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.395-406
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    • 2013
  • The conservation of damaged object should be restored by the similar material with the original and they have to reversibility as possible as. The characteristics of Buddhist mural paintings composed of clay are with soft material. So far, there have been a number of researches done on filling material that reinforces cracks and exfoliation of mural painting. Based on the application of traditional materials, it was found that they are appropriate to various applications. However, only based on those research results, there are some constraints to the application in the field. In addition, there has been only a few researches done on physical characteristics of filling materials. A major issue is that there is not any standard established on various mixing ratio, which is required for treatment of mural painting. This study was carried out to understand the physical characteristics of filling materials on clay mural painting. The 1st test was conducted to analyze test specimen in twelve different conditions by varying soil mixing ratio and organic medium. The 2nd test was conducted to manufacture filling materials appropriate to the mural painting, based on the result of stable condition from the 1st test, and which was applied to treatment in field.

Sensitivity analysis of hydrogeologic parameters in SWAT-MODFLOW model (SWAT-MODFLOW 모형의 수리지질 매개변수 민감도 분석)

  • Kim, Nam-Won;Chung, Il-Moon;Lee, Jeong-Woo;Won, Yoo-Seung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.824-828
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    • 2006
  • SWAT-MODFLOW 모형은 물리적 기반의 준 분포형 모형인 SWAT모형의 지하수 모듈을 분포형 모형인 MODFLOW로 대체하여 하천과 대수층간의 수위차이에 따른 물교환량으로 지하수 유출량을 결정하는 완전 연동형 지표수-지하수 통합모형이다. 이 모형을 구동하기 위해서는 유역자료, 기상자료, 하천특성자료, 토지 이용자료, 토양자료, 작물자료, 지하수자료 등 다양한 입력 자료를 필요로 한다. 이러한 입력 자료의 변동양상에 따라 모형의 결과가 크게 다르게 나타나므로 모형의 입력 매개변수 변화에 따른 모형의 반응을 분석하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지하수유출해석을 담당하는 MODFLOW 모형의 수리지질학적 매개변수 변화에 따른 모형의 반응을 검토하였다. SWAT-MODFLOW 모형을 경안천 유역에 적용하여 투수계수, 저류계수, 하상수리전도도 등의 주요 수리지질학적 매개변수가 지하수 유출현상에 미치는 증감과 변화율 등을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 유역출구점에서의 연평균 지하수유출량의 변화, 하천과 대수층의 상호작용에 따른 지하수 유출량 시계열의 변화 등을 분석하여 그 결과를 제시하였다.

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Chemical Characteristics of Anian Concentration and Metallic Element of PM10 in the Miryang and Changwon (밀양ㆍ창원지역의 PM10 음이온 성분 및 금속성분의 화학적 특성)

  • 서정민;정찬호;최금찬;강신묵
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.330-332
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    • 2003
  • 현대 사회는 인구, 산업, 경제, 활동이 도시에 집중되어 발달되고 있으며, 도시에서의 활동증가로 인한 교통량도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 급격히 증가된 인간의 생활환경 변화로 인한 오염물질의 배출도 역시 증가하여 우리의 주변환경을 심각하게 오염시키고 있다. 대기중에 존재하는 에어로졸 입자는 자연발생원에서 직접 대기중에 배출되는 해염입자, 토양입자 등과 같은 1차 입자(Primary particle)와 주로 연소, 소각 등에 의해 인위적으로 발생된 가스상 물질의 대기중에서 다양한 물리ㆍ화학적인 반응을 통해 생성되는 2차입자(Secondary particle)로 크게 구별할 수 있다. (중략)

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Determining Effect of Oyster Shell on Cadmium Extractability and Mechanism of Immobilization in Arable Soil (농경지 토양에서 패화석에 의한 카드뮴의 용출성 및 부동화 기작 구명)

  • Hong, Chang-Oh;Noh, Yong-Dong;Kim, Sang-Yoon;Kim, Pil-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.245-253
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    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND: Oyster shell(OS) is alkaline with pH 9.8, porous, and has high concentration of $CaCO_3$. It could be used as an alternative of lime fertilizer to immobilize cadmium(Cd) in heavy metal contaminated arable soil. Therefore, this study has been conducted to compare effects of calcium(Ca) materials [OS and $Ca(OH)_2$] on Cd extractability in contaminated soil and determined mechanisms of Cd immobilization with OS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Both Ca materials were added at the rates of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8% (wt Ca wt-1) in Cd contaminated soil and the mixtures were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. Both Ca materials increased pH and negative charge of soil with increasing Ca addition and decreased 1N $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration. 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd concentration markedly decreased with addition of OS. 1 N $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration was related with pH and net negative charge of soil, but not with 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd concentration. We assumed that Cd immobilization with $Ca(OH)_2$ was mainly attributed to Cd adsorption resulted from increase in pH-induced negative charge of soil. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) analyses were conducted to determine mechanism of Cd immobilization with OS. There was no visible precipitation on surface of both Ca materials. However, Cd was detected in innerlayer of OS by EDS analyses but not in that of $Ca(OH)_2$. CONCLUSION: We concluded that Cd immobilization with OS was different from that with $Ca(OH)_2$. OS might adsorbed interlayer of oyster shell or have other chemical reactions.

An Experimental Study on the Restoration Creation of Tidal Flats (간석지 생태계 복원에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Jeoung-gyu;Lee, Nam-hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.77-82
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    • 2000
  • Seven constructed and three natural tidal flats were compared to evaluate state-of- the-art of creation and restoration technology for tidal flats. parameters studied were physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soils and rate of respiration. The natural tidal flats had higher contents of silts, nitrogen and organic matter compared to the constructed ones. The natural ones had reductive Bone below 2 cm whereas the constructed ones had oxidative zone from the surface to below 20 cm. The bacterial population in the soil of the constructed tidal flats was one to two magnitudes lower than that in the natural ones. Biomass of macrobenthos and microbial respiration rate, however, were not different significantly between the natural and the constructed tidal flats. The purification capacity by diatom+bacterial+meiobenthos and macrobenthos in the constructed tidal flats was higher than that in the natural ones due to deeper permeable layer for purification in the constructed tidal flats. There was an exceptional constructed tidal flat with similar physico-chemical and biological characteristics to natural ones. Shearing stress to the surface of the tidal flat by the flow of seawater was as low as that of natural ones. These hydraulic conditions seemed to be a controlling factor on structures and functions of tidal flats. The control of hydraulic condition seemed to be one of the most important factors to create natural-like tidal flats.

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Analysis of hydrological characteristics of Yongdam Dam experimental basin (용담댐 시험유역 특성자료분석 연구)

  • Hwang, Eui-Ho;Chae, Hyo-Sok;Lee, Geun-Sang;Koh, Deuk-Koo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.1444-1449
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    • 2006
  • Korea is about 70% of all country to mountain, and basin is consisted of various terrain, soil, vegetation, land use etc. because use land as intensive. Also, need basin hydrologic model that can analysis base outflow as well as outflow directly for calculation of discharge to establish irrigation plan. Inconvenient in use method and user interface offer side is causing by way that existing USGS WEASEL runs in PC Arc/Info, and ArcGIS with development of present GIS technology is applied in many fields offering convenience in analysis that use GIS. In this research, wished to develop suitable outflow parameter extraction system, For this, develop pre-processor and post-processor that effectively draw of hydrologic model input data from water resources DB through van example benchimarking, and developed input/output component of GIS base applicable to various hydrologic and water quality model.

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Impacts of Oyster Shell and Peat Treatments on Soil Properties in Continuous Watermelon Cropping Greenhouse Plots (패화석 및 이탄 처리가 수박 연작지 토양의 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Byung-Koo;Lee, Jin-Ho;Lee, Young-Han
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.438-445
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    • 2010
  • Soils in continuous monoculture cropping system generally have a number of physical and chemical problems. Thus, we studied to investigate selected soil properties in continuous watermelon cropping plots with applications of different soil management practices: 1) conventional farming practice (CFP), 2) chemical fertilizer management practice (FMP), the FMP with different amounts, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t $ha^{-1}$, of oyster shell meal application (FMP-OS 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t $ha^{-1}$), and 3) the FMP with different amounts, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 t $ha^{-1}$, of peat application (FMP-PT 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 t $ha^{-1}$) and also to evaluate watermelon quality. Soil pH slightly increased only in the FMP-OS 1.5 t $ha^{-1}$ plot, while it was not changed or decreased a little in other plots. The contents of soil organic matter (SOM) expectedly increased in the FMP-PT plots, whereas it markedly decreased in the FMP-OS plots. The concentrations of exchangeable cations, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $K^+$, in soils were mostly dropped down in most of the FMP and FMP-PT plots. Otherwise, the exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ concentration increased a bit in the FMP-OS plots. Also, the concentrations of water-soluble anions, $NO_3^-$, $Cl^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and ${PO_4}^{3-}$, in soils mostly declined in all the plots applied with the different management practices during the study years. Due to the cation and anion decreases, the electrical conductivity (EC) values in the soils were greatly reduced in the plots. Thus, the soil management practices applied, especially oyster shell meal and peat treatments, might be useful to control soil conditions. However, watermelon quality, such as sugar content and fruit weight, would not be associated with the soil management practices applied.

Interpretation of Material Homogenity and Making Techniques of the Jar Coffins from the Oryangdong Kiln Site and the Ungokdong Tomb Site in Naju, Korea (나주 오량동 가마와 운곡동 분묘 유적 출토 대형전용옹관의 재료학적 동질성과 제작기법 해석)

  • Kim, Ran-Hee;Cho, Mi-Soon;Yeon, Ung;Seo, Jeong-Seog;Lee, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.229-245
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    • 2010
  • The pupose of this study was to identify the material characteristics, firing environments and making techniques for the jar coffins from the Oryangdong kiln site and the Ungokdong tomb site in Naju. All jar coffins had very similar physical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, although it was excavated from the different sites. The wall thickness of the jar coffins was about 2.3 to 5.3 cm. Under the microscopy, the jar coffins include a large quantity of various quartz with some microcrystalline and showed partly orthoclase and biotite. It is presumed that the mineral sherds added to maintain the thick wall and to control the percentage of contraction during drying and firing of jar coffins and it has contained about 11.4 to 19.8 %. Firing temperature of the jar coffins is estimated as 1,000 to $1,150^{\circ}C$. Also, all jar coffins and soils show similar geochemical behavior of elements and clay-mineralization degree within the site. This indicates making that the soil is probable to be a raw material of the jar coffins. But it shows different characteristics in major elements of soils which is collected at the kiln floor and the trench region of the Oryangdong kiln site because of the lack of quartz and feldspar in the soils. Therefore, it can use of the jar coffins making clay, if it goes through a simple special process such as mixing temper.

Influence of Physicochemical Properties on Cesium Adsorption onto Soil (토양의 물리화학적 특성이 세슘 흡착에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Sang-Min;Lee, Jeshin;Kim, Young-Hun;Lee, Jeung-Sun;Baek, Kitae
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2017
  • Cesium (Cs) generated by nuclear accidents is one of the most hazardous radionuclides because of its gamma radiation and long half-life. Especially, when Cs is exposed on the soil environments, Cs is mainly adsorbed on the topsoil and is strongly combined with tiny soil particle including clay minerals. The adsorption of Cs onto soil can vary depending on various physicochemical properties of soil. In this study, the adsorption characteristics between soil and Cs were investigated according to various physicochemical properties of soil including organic matter contents, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil particle size, and the types of clay minerals. Soil organic matter inhibited the adsorption of Cs onto the soil because organic matter was blocking the soil surface. In addition, it was estimated that the CEC of the soil influenced the adsorption of Cs onto the soil. Moreover, more Cs was adsorbed as the soil particles size decreased. It was estimated that Cs was mostly adsorbed onto the topsoil, this is related to the clay mineral. Therefore, soil organic matter, CEC, soil particle size, and clay minerals are considered the key factors that can influence the adsorption characteristics between soil and Cs.