• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.6
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• pp.1105-1112
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• 2002

Nowadays the information exchange based on XML such as B2B electronic commerce is spreading. Therefore a systematic and stable management mechanism for storing the exchanged information is needed. For this goal there are many research activities for concerning the connection between XML application and relational databases. But because XML data has hierarchical structure and relational databases can store only flat-structured data, we need to make a conversion rule which changes the hierarchical architecture to a 2-dimensional format. Accordingly the modeling methodology for storing such structured information in relational databases is needed. In order to build good quality application systems, modeling is an important first step. In 1997, the OMG adopted the UML as its standard modeling language. Since industry has warmly embraced UML, its popularity should become more important in the future. So a design methodology based on UML is needed to develop efficient XML applications. In this paper, we propose a unified design methodology for XML applications based on relational database using UML. To reach these goals, first we introduce a XML modeling methodology to design W3C XML schema using UML and second we propose data modeling methodology for relational database schema to store XML data efficiently in relational databases.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.109-133
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• 2009

Among biological information, GenBank, provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)of the United States, is a representative database on genetic information and is the most widely used by researchers around the world. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) visits NCBI on a regular basis and downloads the latest version of GenBank to reorganize the information gathered there into a database. This database is provided for Korean researchers of science and technology through the Bio-KRISTAL search engine, developed by KISTI. This study aims to design a service model that links information on papers, patents, and biodiversity and other contents of NDSL, an integrated service on scientific and technological information run by KISTI, with GenBank's reference and organism fields and to develop a prototype system. For this purpose, this paper explores the possibility of a linkage and convergence service between heterogeneous content by: (a) collecting GenBank data from NCBI's FTP site; (b) dividing GenBank text files into basic and reference genetic information and restructuring them into a database; (c) extracting article and patent information from the GenBank reference fields to generate new tables; and (d) leveraging data mapping technology to implement a prototype system where GenBank and NDSL data are interlinked and provided.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is the acquisitions of knowledge related in job searching from local companies and job seekers using data mining techniques. At the first step, for the study, we had selected the local companies their headquarters are located in Jeonbuk province. Then we had picked the graduating students out from the high schools, colleges, and universities in the same area as the job seekers. After the targeting of the sample, we had surveyed 560 local companies and 14 schools for the collecting of the preliminary data. As the result of the survey, we could collect 173 responses from the companies and 551 responses from the job seekers. At the second step using data mining, we had adapted the C5.0 algorithm to extract the inference rules. Then we had used the Visual Basic (VB) programming language to visualize the rules at the third step. At the fourth step, we transformed the inference rules into DB tables. At the final step, we had executed the rule inferences to support the development of the long-term human resources development (HRD) strategies. As the result of the study, we could suggest the helpful information to the HRD directors and job seekers in designing their strategies in managing their jobs and career development.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2002

Recently, construction of reinforced concrete tall buildings is widely increased according to the improvement of material quality and design technology. Therefore, differential shortenings of columns due to elastic, creep, and shrinkage have been an important issue. But it has been neglected to predict the Inelastic behavior of RC structures even though those deformations make a serious problem on the partition wall, external cladding, duct, etc. In this paper, analysis system for prediction and compensation of the differential column shortenings considering time-dependent deformations and construction sequence is developed using the objected-oriented technique. Developed analysis system considers the construction sequence, especially time-dependent deformation in early days, and is composed of input module, database module, database store module, analysis module, and analysis result generation module. Graphic user interface(GUI) is supported for user's convenience. After performing the analysis, the output results like deflections and member forces according to the time can be observed in the generation module using the graphic diagram, table, and chart supported by the integrated environment.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2010

Hash join is one of the core algorithms in databases management systems. If a hash join cannot complete in one-pass because the available memory is insufficient (i.e., hash table overflow), however, it may incur a few sequential writes and excessive random reads. With harddisk as the tempoary storage for hash joins, the I/O time would be dominated by slow random reads in its probing phase. Meanwhile, flash memory based SSDs (flash SSDs) are becoming popular, and we will witness in the foreseeable future that flash SSDs replace harddisks in enterprise databases. In contrast to harddisk, flash SSD without any mechanical component has fast latency in random reads, and thus it can boost hash join performance. In this paper, we investigate several important and practical issues when flash SSD is used as tempoary storage for hash join. First, we reveal the va patterns of hash join in detail and explain why flash SSD can outperform harddisk by more than an order of magnitude. Second, we present and analyze the impact of cluster size (i.e., va unit in hash join) on performance. Finally, we emperically demonstrate that, while a commerical query optimizer is error-prone in predicting the execution time with harddisk as temporary storage, it can precisely estimate the execution time with flash SSD. In summary, we show that, when used as temporary storage for hash join, flash SSD will provide more reliable cost estimation as well as fast performance.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the error of the leaf position accuracy of the MLC due to the gravity effect according to the gantry angle by using picket fence test using EPID and GafChromic EBT3 film. Materials and Methods: A 5 cm solid phantom was placed on the table and the SAD was set to 100 cm. The EBT3 film was placed exactly over the solid phantom and covered a 1.5 cm solid phantom and the picket fence test was performed. The EPID was measured under the same conditions as the EBT3 film at SID 100 cm. The gantry angles were measured at $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$ and $270^{\circ}$ in order to evaluate the position of the MLC according to the gantry angle. For the geometric evaluation of the MLC, the leaf position accuracy of the MLC was analyzed using the analysis program. Results: In case of EPID, when the gantry angle was changed to $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, the difference of the position errors of the leaves was 0.18 mm, 0.31 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.26 mm on the average and the maximum values of the errors were respectively 0.44 mm, 0.54 mm, 0.34 mm, 0.44 mm. In case of EBT3 film, when the gantry angle was changed to $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, the difference of the position errors of the leaves was 0.19 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.19 mm, 0.31 mm on the average and the maximum values of the errors were respectively 0.35 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.36 mm, 0.48 mm. Conclusion: In this study, we analyzed the position error of the leaf of the MLC according to the gantry angle, and confirmed the position error of the leaf by gravity effect. As a result of comparing the leaf position accuracy using EPID and EBT3 film according to the variation of gantry angle, a larger error occurred in the error analysis method using EPID than that of EBT3 film. Therefore, in the case of IMRT based on MLC, as well as verification of accurate dosimetry should be conducted, it is considered that the quality control and verification for the precise operation of the MLC will be needed. and it is necessary to compare and verify the method of analysis.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2011

The aim of the research was to provide basic information for a suitable management and utilization of protected trees by law. To achieve this aim, this study investigated the current state, management status and utilization of protected trees by law in Gyeongsan city. The result of the current state of protected trees indicated that there were 55 protected trees designated since 1982. These trees consisted of 8 species which were located at 41 places. Major species was Sophora japonica (30.9%), followed by Zelkova serrata (23.6%). The protected trees have been used as sacred trees (45.5%) in the villages, followed by scenic trees (36.7%). 38.2% of the protected trees were 200 to 300 years old and 54.6% of the trees were 15 to 30 m in height. 34% of the protected trees were located in the villages, followed by beside road (19.5%). Single trees (78%) were mostly planted. The result of the management status indicated that 58.5% of the root area in protected trees were covered with bare ground, followed by gravel mulch (19.5%). The average of soil hardness was 9.64 mm. The safety fence of tree was installed at 9 places (22%) and a stone wall was built at 22 places (53.7%). 70.9% of the protected trees had a surgical operation to prevent cavities and to cure decay. Granite stone signs were installed at 33 places. The result of the utilization of protected trees indicated that 13 places were used as a rest area in the villages. It consisted of shelters, benches, athletic facilities and outdoor tables. The research suggested potential places for a mini park(pocket park) to recover a local community by using surrounding available land and improving current rest areas of protected trees. The research presented here is a first step towards a more comprehensive analysis of protected trees in Gyeongsan and further research is needed.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2023

The surge in food delivery systems during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic necessitated this study of heavy metal migration from food contact materials (FCMs). A total of 104 samples of FCMs, comprising 51 polypropylene (PP), 21 polyethylene (PE), and 32 polystyrene (PS) samples of six different types of FCMs (containers, covers, table utensils, cups, pouches, and wrappers) used for food delivery distributed in Korea, were collected and investigated for migration of three heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine whether they complied with Korea's Standards and Specifications for Utensils, Containers, and Packages. Acetic acid (4%, v/v) was used as the food simulant, and tests were performed at 100℃ (in harsh conditions) for 30 min. Linearity of Pb, Cd, and As showed acceptable results with a coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.9999. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of Pb, Cd, and As were 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001 ㎍/L and 0.002, 0.003, and 0.003 ㎍/L, respectively. Accuracy and precision results complied with the criteria presented in the European Commission Joint Research Centre guidelines. The average concentration of Pb, Cd, and As migration detected in a total of 104 samples was 0.009-0.260 ㎍/L, which was very low compared with the migration specification set in the Standards and Specifications for Utensils, Containers, and Packages. The maximum level of Pb corresponded to 0.23% of the migration limit. There were no samples exceeding the limit. Thus, this study confirmed that the heavy metal contents of FCMs used for delivery food distributed in Korea were safely managed. The data from this study represent an invaluable source for science-based safety management of hazardous heavy metals migrating from FCMs used in the food delivery industry.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.185-196
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• 2015

Energy aware server clusters aim to reduce power consumption at maximum while keeping QoS(Quality of Service) compared to energy non-aware server clusters. They adjust the power mode of each server in a fixed or variable time interval to let only the minimum number of servers needed to handle current user requests ON. Previous studies on energy aware server cluster put efforts to reduce power consumption further or to keep QoS, but they do not consider energy efficiency well. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient cluster management based on autonomous learning for energy aware server clusters. Using parameters optimized through autonomous learning, our method adjusts server power mode to achieve maximum performance with respect to power consumption. Our method repeats the following procedure for adjusting the power modes of servers. Firstly, according to the current load and traffic pattern, it classifies current workload pattern type in a predetermined way. Secondly, it searches learning table to check whether learning has been performed for the classified workload pattern type in the past. If yes, it uses the already-stored parameters. Otherwise, it performs learning for the classified workload pattern type to find the best parameters in terms of energy efficiency and stores the optimized parameters. Thirdly, it adjusts server power mode with the parameters. We implemented the proposed method and performed experiments with a cluster of 16 servers using three different kinds of load patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the existing methods in terms of energy efficiency: the numbers of good response per unit power consumed in the proposed method are 99.8%, 107.5% and 141.8% of those in the existing static method, 102.0%, 107.0% and 106.8% of those in the existing prediction method for banking load pattern, real load pattern, and virtual load pattern, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.73-85
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• 2004

Recently, as the growth of the wireless Internet, PDA and HPC, the focus of research and development related with GIS(Geographic Information System) has been changed to the Real-Time Mobile GIS to service LBS. To offer LBS efficiently, there must be the Real-Time GIS platform that can deal with dynamic status of moving objects and a location index which can deal with the characteristics of location data. Location data can use the same data type(e.g., point) of GIS, but the management of location data is very different. Therefore, in this paper, we studied the Real-Time Mobile GIS using the HBR-tree to manage mass of location data efficiently. The Real-Time Mobile GIS which is developed in this paper consists of the HBR-tree and the Real-Time GIS Platform HBR-tree. we proposed in this paper, is a combined index type of the R-tree and the spatial hash Although location data are updated frequently, update operations are done within the same hash table in the HBR-tree, so it costs less than other tree-based indexes Since the HBR-tree uses the same search mechanism of the R-tree, it is possible to search location data quickly. The Real-Time GIS platform consists of a Real-Time GIS engine that is extended from a main memory database system. a middleware which can transfer spatial, aspatial data to clients and receive location data from clients, and a mobile client which operates on the mobile devices. Especially, this paper described the performance evaluation conducted with practical tests if the HBR-tree and the Real-Time GIS engine respectively.