• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

Background: Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis is a complex process involving the activation of kinases and phosphatases. FcgammaRIIB has been known to transduces inhibitory signals through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in cytoplasmic domains. In this study, we examined the involvement of inositol-phosphatase in the Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Methods: J774 cells were infected using vaccinia viral vector containing SH2 domain-containing inositol-phosphatase (SHIP) cDNA and stimulated with the sensitized sheep red blood cells. Results: Stimulation of J774 cells induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP which was maximal at 5 minutes. Phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase inhibitor (wortmannin) inhibits J774 cell phagocytosis of sensitized sheep red blood cells in a dose-dependent manner. Heterologious expression of SHIP in J774 cells inhibits phagocytosis of sensitized sheep red blood cells in a dose-dependency manner, but catalytically dead mutants of SHIP has no effect on phagocytosis. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the active signals mediated by PI-3 kinase are opposed by inhibitory signals through SHIP in the regulation of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2010

Melanosis coli is described as a black or brown discoloration of the mucosa of the colon. Such a discoloration is largely due to pigment granule deposition in macrophages in the colonic mucosa, which arises from anthraquinone-containing laxative abuse. Melanosis coli has usually been reported in the elderly. We present the first case of melanosis coli associated with aloe consumption in a Korean child.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.149-154
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• 2003

The immunomodulatory activity of PJ-P, a polysaccharide fraction extracted from Paeonia japonica, were reported in our previous paper. In the present study, we investigated that PJ-P inhibited cancer growth through activation of macrophages. The activities of peritoneal macrophage to induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin-1 (IL-1)$\beta$, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) as well as to ingest fluorescence-latex microbeads were enhanced by treatment of PJ-P. Direct cytocidal activity of PJ-P against cancer cells was not shown. However, in vitro, peritoneal macrophages treated with PJ-P had an activity to kill cancer cells. Furthermore, PJ-P significantly prolonged the survival of mice implanted intraperitoneally with B16F0 mel-anoma cells. These results suggest that PJ-P could be a useful immunomodulator and assistant of anti-tumor agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2004

The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of arabinoxylane and PSP on mouse splenocytes, T cells, B cells and macrophages in vitro. Arabinoxylane and PSP directly induced the proliferation of spleen cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis. Especially, PSP induced IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 production, Both arabinoxylane and PSP increased PFC (plaque forming cell) and RFC (rosette forming cell) formation. Arabinoxylane was not induced the proliferation of T cells, but PSP directly induced the proliferation of T cells in a high dose. Arabinoxylane and PSP increased the proliferation of B cells and the phagocytic effects of macrophage. When arabinoxylane and PSP were used in macrophage cell line stimulation, there was a marked induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent and an increased TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 synthesis. Especially, PSP also induced IL-1$\beta$ production. When arabinoxylane and PSP treated in macrophage cell line, there was induction of MHC class II expression. These results suggest that the capacity of arabinoxylane andPSP seem to act as a potent immunomodulator causing augmentation of immune cell activity, and with the absence of notable side-effects, arabinoxylane and PSP could be used as a biological response modifier having possible therapeutic effects against immunological disorders.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1488-1491
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• 2007

An epulis was occurred on gingiva of 11-year old female dog, Yorkshire terrier. Our case had feature of ossifying epulis but there were a few multi-nucleated giant cells (MGCs). MGCs had osteoclast-like appearance and giant cell epulis usually appears at the site of tooth extraction. Therefore, we suggest that appearance of MGCs in our case may be due to phagocytosis pre-formed osteoid/bone or our case may be mixed epulides of ossifying and giant cell epulis by mixed stimulation of chronic gingivitis and trauma and in flammation by tooth extraction. Thus, MGCs have possibility enough to appear in ossifying epulis, but ossifying epulis accompanying MGCs has not been reported. Therefore, our case may deserves an attention as an unique case and will be helpful to study pathogenesis of giant cell containing lesion of the jaw.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.797-805
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• 2013

The varying characteristics between Korean's commercial and traditional soy sauces may be initiated by raw materials and fermentation techniques such as the koji and mezu process. We have examined properties of polysaccharides isolated from two different soy sauces which were made by the commercial process (CSP-0) and the traditional Korean process (KTSP-0) as well as their macrophage activities. Two polysaccharides have not effected the RAW 264.7 cells viability. The effects of CSP-0 and KTSP-0 on RAW 264.7 cells were demonstrated by the production of nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The CSP-0 and KTSP-0 significantly augmented NO and ROS productions by RAW 264.7 cells under a dose dependent manner. However, the activity of KTSP-0 was more potent than that of the CSP-0 at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The productions of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA. mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ by KTSP-0 at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ indicated 63 and 71 times higher than negative controls, respectively. Also, the production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ by KTSP-0 at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ showed 32.1 and 4.5 times higher than those by the CSP-0. To assess phagocytosis activities, the effects of CSP-0 and KTSP-0 on mRNA expression of Fc receptor I and II (FcR I, II) are being determined by RT-PCR products. Only the KTSP-0 showed enhanced expressions of mRNA expression for FcR I in a dose dependent manner, whereas the CSP-0 did not affect either the FcR I or II expressions. The above data lead us to conclude that the macrophage activations of Korean traditional soy sauce polysaccharide are higher than that of the commercial soy sauce polysaccharide.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 2002

Subcutaneous pannicultis-like T cell lymphoma is a rare cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It presents with multiple subcutaneous nodules or plaques involving the extremities or trunk, and with constitutional symptoms that include fever, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, chills and weight loss. Histologically, the lesions of this disease are reminiscent of panniculitis and are composed of a mixture of small and large atypical lymphoid cells infiltrating between adipocytes. The optimal treatment for this disease is undefined and prognosis of this disease is poor, even when treated with multiagent chemotherapy regimens considered optimal for agressive lymphoma of other types. Poor prognosis factors include clinical features such as anemia, leukocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and coagulopathy, which are suggestive of hemophagocytosis. Much of the mortality of this disease is due not to disseminated lymphoma with organ failure, but rather to complications of the cytopenias associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome. We report a case of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma in a 12 year-old boy who presented with initial complaints of fever and multiple subcutaneous nodules, and briefly review the related literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.148-153
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• 1997

The immunomodulating effects of polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum(PSG) on macrophage were evaluated using murine macrophage cell line ATCC TIB 71 cells or peritoneal exudate cells of BALB/c mice. The cell were incubated with various content of PSG for 24 hours at 0.5% $CO_2$ incubator under varying experimental conditions. PSG stimulated the non-specific activites of macrophage such as mitotic activity and expression of surface interleukin-2 receptors by dose-dependent pattern with statistic significance(p<0.001): however, PSG had little immunoregulatory effects on cytokines derived from peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. There were no significant changes in the se-cretion of interleukin-6, interleukin-6, or tumor necrosis factors(Tn) of PSG treated cells compared to the control group. But PSG increased secretion of cytokines(IL-1 and TNF) when the cells were primed and trigged with BCG and IFN-${\gamma}$.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1995

Classification of peripheral leucocytes in Korean catfish (Silurus asotus) were performed. The leucocytes were classified on the basis of their morphological, cytochemieal and phagocytic characteristics. Four types of leucocytes were observed in the peripheral blood. Neutrophils were round and 12 - $15{\mu}m$ in diameter with round, oval or 2 - 3 segmented neuclei. Their cytoplam was stained whitish or grey. Lymphocytes were round and 5.5 - $8{\mu}m$ in diameter with large round neuclei which occupied most of the cells. Monocytes were round or irregular cells and 12 - $15{\mu}m$ in diameter with bean - shaped or irreular neuclei. Thrombocytes were oval or spindle - shaped cells with oval or spindle - neucle. The cells with greyish cytoplasm ranged 7.2 to $14.4{\mu}m$ in length and 5.8 to $7.2{\mu}m$ in width. Only neutrophils showed positive reaction in peroxidase and PAS. Neutrophils and monocytes showed active phagocytosis. As the results it is concluded that peripheral leucocytes of Koran catfish could be classified as lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and thrombocytes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.134-152
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• 1997

Plant viruses of tobacco including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus Y (PVY) cause severe economic losses in leaf-tobacco production. Cultural practices do not provide sufficient control against the viruses. Use of valuable resistant cultivars is most recommendable for the control of the viruses. However, conventional breeding programs are not always proper for the development of virus-resistant plants mostly owing to the frequent lack of genetic sources and introduction of their unwanted properties. Therefore, we tried to develop virus-resistant tobacco plants by transforming commercial tobacco cultivars, NC 82 and Burley 21, with coat protein (CP) or replicase (Nlb) genes of TMV and PVY necrosis strain (PVY-VN) with or without untranslated region (UTR) and with or without mutation. Each cDNA was cloned and inserted in plant expression vectors with 1 or 2 CaMV 35S promotors, and introduced into tobacco leaf tissues by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404. Plants were regenerated in kanamycin-containing MS media. Regenerated plants were tested for resistance to TMV and PVY In these studies, we could obtain a TMV-resistant transgenic line transformed with TMV CP and 6 genetic lines with PVY-VN cDNAs out of 8 CP and replicase genes. In this presentation, resistance rates, verification of gene introduction in resistant plants, stability of resistance through generations, characteristics of viral multiplication and translocation in resistant plants, and resistance responses relative to inoculum potential and to various PVY strains will be shown. Yield and quality of leaf tobacco of a promising resistant tobacco line will be presented.