• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.236-264
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide teachers with sub-components of inquiry skills and help them to give direct instructions on the skills to their students. Inquiry skills and strategies are considered by-products of science and inquiry instruction by most of the science teachers. On the other hand, much research shows that many students are not familiar with the way that they can use inquiry skills therefore direct instruction on the inquiry skills is needed. The lack of guidance on the sub-components for the inquiry skills, however, results in science teachers' ignorance of the inquiry skills. As shown in the previous studies which suggest that without teachers' guidance, students cannot acquire the intended skills, and it is necessary to inform science teachers of the necessity for direct instruction on the inquiry skills and strategy as well as give them the sub-components of the inquiry skills. On the basis of the results from the previous research on the inquiry skills, this study presents the sub-components of basic inquiry skills (observation, classification, measure, prediction, and reasoning) and integrated inquiry skills (problem recognition, hypothesis formulation, control of variables, data transformation, data interpretation, drawing conclusion, and generalization).

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the perceptions of elementary school students about science learning and lab safety in the affective, behavioral, and cognitive domains. With respect to science learning, students indicated liking science classes more than average, being good at scientific inquiry more than average, and having more scientific knowledge than average. Compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic, student confidence in retaining scientific knowledge had decreased markedly. Of the eight student types in the students' awareness levels about affective·behavioral·cognitive domain, the HHH type-the most ideal-was also the most distributed. Students' preferred science class methods were experimental (72.7%) and nature inquiry classes (23.2%); science knowledge classes were ranked a distant third (4.1%). Preferred class locations were the science lab (58.1%) and different places from time to time (34.4%); the classroom was ranked last (7.5%). With respect to lab safety, most elementary school students did not have experimental classes, but more than half reported understanding how to use experimental equipment. Most students recognized the need to wear safety equipment in the lab. They were not only well aware of the associated physical protection functions, but also of the affective and psychological effects. Most students also recognized that first aid education is necessary, but only 31.5% reported understanding first aid methods. Based on those results, the implications for science learning and lab safety in school are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.68-85
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand science teaching experiences of elementary school teachers who taught the system thinking-based science inquiry class. The phenomenological methods were applied to analyze four elementary teachers' meaningful experiences. The four step methods of phenomenological experience research proposed by Giorgi (1985) and interview questions developed by Seidman (1998) and Schuman (1982) were used in order to collect qualitative data. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, teachers intentionally tried to ask divergent thinking questions which promoted the system thinking in classes. The teachers used divergent thinking questions to promote their students' thinking activities and to induce students' system thinking. In addition, the receptive mood created by teachers and interactive environments had a positive effect on promoting system thinking skills. Second, teachers remarked lack of teaching and learning materials and difficulties in selecting themes of their classes in order to teach the system thinking-based science inquiry class effectively. In addition, it was very difficult for teachers to evaluate the contents and processes of students' learning correctly because there were little evaluative tools and methods readily available. The findings indicated that there were some limitations in maximizing the effects of system thinking-based science inquiry instruction due to elementary students' inappropriate process skills of inquiry activities. Findings of this study revealed significant insights about elementary school teachers' experiences regarding the system thinking-based science class.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.586-588
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• 2003

급격한 교육 환경 변화와 정보 통신망의 보급.확대로 학교 교육의 정보통신 활용 학습 체제로의 전환이 가속화되고 있는 시대적 요청에 부응하여 가장 쉽게 인터넷에 접속할 수 있으면서, 학습자들이 흥미를 갖는 웹 기반 모듈형 교수.학습 자료를 개발하였다. 모듈형 웹 자료를 개발하고. 이를 교수.학습 활동에 적용하여 수업을 진행 한 결과 학습자들의 학습에 대한 흥미도와 학습 내용의 이해도 및 학업 성취도를 고취시켰으며, 또한 자기 주도적 탐구 학습이 가능하여 과학과 탐구 학습 수행 능력이 크게 향상되었다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.717-727
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• 2016

Using TIMSS survey data, we analyzed whether there were any significant changes in the learning environment of middle school science classes over the last 10 years. Our study selected questions from teachers and school principals' questionnaires and divided them by category: science class, teacher professional development, and school environment. The science class components were subdivided into three categories: science learning activities, evaluation, and homework. Within teacher professional development, the sub-categories included teacher training, collaboration to improve teaching, and teacher evaluation. School environment subdivided into two aspects, these being school characteristics and school system. Our research confirmed that there has been a positive change overall in learning environments. However, most classes are teacher-conducted and also teacher-oriented; the proportion of science investigation activities has declined compared against the prior ten years. Our study show that students do not engage in a range of inquiry-related activities. The questions on tests and examinations involve mostly knowledge application and understanding, although recent methods of evaluation show improvement. As for the science teachers, they participate in many professional development programs but focus on science content, science curriculum, and pedagogy. In addition, teachers do not have many opportunities to participate in the training to integrate information technology into science, science assessment, or improving students' critical thinking or inquiry skills. The teachers are satisfied with their profession, and the shortage of science resources does not seem to affect instruction.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.487-495
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• 2021

Using self-regulation learning strategies that can cultivate the creative and critical thinking required in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it was applied to the exploration experimental class of the section 'quantitative relationship in chemical reactions' in high school chemistry and the effects on academic performance and scientific attitudes were analyzed. In case of academic achievement, although there was no meaningful difference between the two groups in the pre-test, the average value of the experimental group was significantly higher in the post-test. In the case of scientific attitudes, the difference in average points between the two groups was the greatest in readiness and curiosity. In the post-test of the experimental group, academic achievement showed the highest correlation with meta-cognition and scientific attitude with behavioral regulation, respectively. Considering the effectiveness of metacognition and scientific attitudes, self-regulation learning strategies are the most suitable teaching-learning forms for creativity and personality education in this era.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.507-515
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• 1999

This study is to develope the performance scoring rubrics for the inquiry-based experiments of general chemistry course in the college of education. Two types of analytic scoring rubrics have been developed for nine different experiments. The first one is to assess scientific process skills from the written experimental reports. These analytic scoring rubrics include seven process skills selected from the Lawson's 'creative and critical thinking skills' and other known process skills. The second one is to assess the individual manipulative skills and experimental attitudes through direct observations by the teacher. The content validity of all scoring rubrics was testified by six science educators. Also the inter-scorer reliability of analytic scoring rubrics administered on the students' experimental reports was examined. The correlation coefficient between the scores obtained from the experiments and those of the written test for theoretical knowledges was found to be r=.663(p <.01). From the variance($r^2$=.440), we would say indirectly that the 56% of this experimental assessment does not overlap with the theoretical knowledges test and assesses students' science process skills, manipulative skills, and attitudes.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.8
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• pp.17-32
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• 1999

본 논문의 목적은 Cabri II 를 이용하여 형식적이고 연역적인 증명수업 방법의 대안을 찾는 데 있다. 형식적인 증명을 하기 전에 탐구와 추측을 통한 발견과 그 결과에 대한 비형식적인 증명 활동을 강조한다. 역동적인 기하소프트웨어인 Cabri II 는 작도가 편리하고 다양한 예를 제공하여 추측과 탐구 그리고 그 결과의 확인을 위한 풍부한 환경을 제공할 수 있으며, 끌기 기능을 이용한 삼각형의 변화과정에서 관찰할 수 있는 불변의 성질이 형식적인 증명에 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 도형에 기호를 붙이는 활동은 형식적인 증명을 어렵게 만드는 요인 중의 하나인 명제나 정리의 기호적 표현을 보다 자연스럽게 할 수 있게 해 준다. 그러나, 학생들이 증명은 더 이상 필요 없으며, 실험을 통한 확인만으로도 추측의 정당성을 보장받을 수 있다는 그릇된 ·인식을 심어줄 수도 있다. 따라서 모든 경우에 성립하는 지를 실험과 실측으로 확인할 수는 없다는 점을 강조하여 학생들에게 형식적인 증명의 중요성과 필요성을 인식시킬 필요가 있다. 본 연구에 대한 다음과 같은 후속연구가 필요하다. 첫째, Cabri II 를 이용한 증명 수업이 학생들의 증명 수행 능력 또는 증명에 대한 이해에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지 특히, van Hiele의 기하학습 수준이론에 어떻게 작용하는 지를 연구할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 본 연구에서 제시한 Cabri II 를 이용한 증명 교수학습 방법에 대한 구체적인 사례연구가 요구되며, 특히 탐구, 추측을 통한 비형식적인 중명에서 형식적 증명으로의 전이 과정에서 나타날 수 있는 학생들의 반응에 대한 조사연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.460-479
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• 2021

The crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in education systems worldwide, including in Korea. Due to COVID-19's social distancing policies, the education system was suddenly switched to distance learning, resulting in many problems in primary schools without preparation. The purpose of this study was to investigate a teacher's awareness of science education techniques, responses to issues in science classes, including inquiry activities, advantages and disadvantages, and roles after experiencing distance learning. Survey and focus interviews were conducted for primary school teachers who had previously participated in distance learning, such as online content classes and real-time interactive classes. The study findings showed three conclusions: 1) Primary school teachers conducted one-way and interactive lectures in online classes. It is vital to improve a teacher's digital literacy to improve other teaching methods such as investigation and discussion in online classes. 2) Primary school teachers acknowledged the challenges of field feedback, inquiry item preparations, and safety in inquiry activities of science classes, by providing individual experimental packages and videos and using online discussion and feedback among teacher - student and student - student interactions. 3) Primary school teachers recognized that various types of classes using IT devices and individualized learning were possible as advantages of distance learning. As for disadvantages, it was acknowledged that inquiry activities, cooperative learning, immediate feedback, and interaction among students were challenging. Furthermore, learning gaps were wider in distance learning.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.495-507
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• 2023

Teachers often encounter challenges in supporting students with question generation and the development of investigation plans in sensemaking activities. A primary challenge stems from the ambiguity surrounding how students apply their conceptual understandings in this process. This study aims to explore how students apply their conceptual understandings to generate questions and design investigation processes in a sensemaking activity. Two types of student group activities were identified and examined for comparison: One focused on designing a process to achieve the goal of sensemaking, and the other focused on following the step-by-step scientific inquiry procedures. The design of investigation process in each group was concretized with epistemic criteria used for evaluating the designs. The students' use of conceptual understandings in discussions around each was then examined. The findings reveal three epistemic criteria employed in generating questions and designing investigation processes. First, the students examined the interestingness of natural phenomena, using their conceptual understandings of the structure and function of entities within natural phenomena to identify a target phenomenon. This process involved verifying their existing knowledge to determine the need for new understanding. The second criterion was the feasibility of investigating specific variables with the given resources. Here, the students relied on their conceptual understandings of the structure and function of entities corresponding to each variable to assess whether each variable could be investigated. The third epistemic criterion involved examining whether the factors of target phenomena expressed in everyday terms could be translated into observable variables capable of explaining the phenomena. Conceptual understandings related to the function of entities were used to translate everyday expressions into observable variables and vice versa. The students' conceptual understanding of a comprehensive mechanism was used to connect the elements of the phenomenon and use the elements as potential factors to explain the target phenomenon. In the case where the students focused on carrying out step-by-step procedures, data collection feasibility was the sole epistemic criterion guiding the design. This study contributes to elucidating how the process of a sensemaking activity can be developed in the science classroom and developing conceptual supports for designing sensemaking activities that align with students' perspectives.