• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2014

RNA interference (RNAi) is the method which controls phenotypes of gene in live cells. Chitinase is the enzyme helping digestion and absorption of old cuticles during the ecdysis of insects. In order to investigate molting-inhibition effect with the chitinase related gene in Spodoptera litura, RNA was extracted from the $5^{th}$ instars. cDNA was synthesized and then we obtained about 700 bp size chitinase. After PCR products were cloned into a pGEM T-easy vector, colonies were picked. DNA was extracted from the colony cultures. EcoR I enzyme was used to check whether PCR products were inserted or not. And then we confirmed vector band of about 3 kb and insert band of about 700 bp. To synthesize the dsRNA, each DNA was cut with Spe I and Nco I enzymes (Circular DNA became lineared DNA). After synthesis of dsRNA, approximately 5 ul dsRNA was injected into the $3^{rd}$ abdominal segment of S. litura $4^{th}$ larvae. The concentration of dsRNA was about $10{\mu}g/{\mu}l$. We confirmed larval-larval molting : there were phenotypically abnormal individuals - for instance malformation, molting inhibition and change of integument color. Pupaadult molting : there were phenotypically abnormal individuals - for instance molting inhibition, change of wings and malformation. Also we could investigate the pupation, emergence and variation about noninjection, treated with DW and dsRNA. Each pupation was non-injection 83.3%, DW 78.3% and dsRNA 66.7%. Each emergence was non-injection 90.0%, DW 72.3% and dsRNA 65.0%. So we considered that chitinase dsRNA induced molting inhibition effect. But each variation was non-injection 8.9%, DW 2.9% and dsRNA 19.2%. Therefore dsRNA group showed the highest variation value. When 18 hours after injecting dsRNA, we could obtain abnormal individual.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.11 no.10 s.120
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• pp.110-113
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• 1979

이제 우리는 년간 배합사료 400만톤 생산의 사료공업으로 발전하였으며 10년 이내에 1,000만톤 생산을 이룰 것이다. 지금과 같은 기술의 획일성, 배급성의 관념에서 탈피하여, 정부의 역할을 줄이고 사료공장의 창의의 범위를 넓힘으로써 낭비적이고 생산저해적인 체제를 벗어나 업계 주도형의 기술 서비스 가격경쟁체제로 시급히 전환하여야 되겠다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.475-479
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• 1992

The non-steroidal ecdysone agonist RH 5849 showed almost similar LC.o values( 18.1-26.5 ppm) at all stages of larval development of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, when treated by a leaf-disk dipping method. The feeding-inhibition rate for the 4th instar larvae was dose-dependent, and simultaneously the weight gain of 3rd instar larvae ceased within 48 hour after feeding of the cabbage leafdisk dipped into RH 5849 4.2 ppm solution. The systemic larvicidal effect of RH 5849 was compared at cabbage and tobacco whole plant test. The $LC_{50}$ values below 20 ppm(mg/kg soil) was lasted for 15 days in cabbage, 30 days in tobacco respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 1989

Larval development and adult oviposition of the Oriental tobacco budworm, Heliothis assulta were examined with tobacco leaves sprayed with aqueous or ethanolic extracts from ten selected wild plant species. High larval mortality was observed with extracts from Rhamnus davurice. Persicaria hydroPiPer, Forsythia koreana, Trifolium repens, Styrax japonica, Ginkgo bi/oba, and vilis amurensis. Most of larval mortality occurred during first and second instar, apparently due to antifeeding effects of plant extracts. These extracts also prolonged developmental period of survived larvae and increased the number of larval molts. Oviposition was not affected as much as the larval mortality, but Rhamnus davurice and Styrax jaPonica extracts reduced the number of eggs laid by more than fifty percent.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.362-369
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• 2004

인성 교육은 창의성 교육과 더불어 교육 개혁 과제의 핵심이자 새 학교 문화 창조의 밑바탕으로 일선 교육 현장에서 최우선으로 해결해야 할 당면 과제이다. 교육의 궁극적인 목적이 '인간에 의한, 인간을 위한, 인간의 교육' 임을 알고 있으면서도 다양한 체험 활동을 통한 인성 교육을 등한시하고 지식을 중시하는 지식 편중의 교육 활동을 전개하는 실정이다. 오늘날 교육은 웹의 풍부한 자원의 활용으로 새로운 교육형태, 학습모형 등이 점차 확산되어 가고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 학생들에게 풍부한 학습환경 제공과 비례하여 극단적인 이기풍조는 여전히 우리의 삶을 위협하고 교육을 저해하는 요인이 되고 있다. 이러한 교육적 현실로 전통적인 학습방법에서 탈피하여 사이버 공간의 학급홈페이지를 이용한 인성교육의 프로그램을 개발하여 좀더 능동적이고 시간과 장소에 제약을 받지 않는 자유로운 마음열기 대화활동을 통해서 아동들의 적성과 능력을 극대화하고 자아실현의 기쁨을 느끼게 하는 올바른 심성의 장 학급홈페이지 설계 및 구현을 통해 온라인 상에서 이루어지는 학생과 학생, 학생과 교사 등 상호작용의 장으로서 그 역할을 담당하고 쉽고 친숙한 학급홈페이지의 활용면에서 있어서도 성과가 있을 것이다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2012

An outbreak of Ricania sp. occurred in the Kurye, Jeonnam area in 2011. This outbreak damaged many kinds of fruit trees such as Cornus, Persimmon and Chestnut. This experiment was conducted to survey the occurrence ecology of Ricania sp. such as host plants, oviposition characters, morphological characters and life cycle, as well as to select environmental friendly control agents. Ricaina sp. host plants included 51 species such as 32 xylophytes, and 19 herbaceous plants. Ricaina sp. preferred Cornus officinalis, Diospyros kaki, Castanea crenata, Eucommia ulmoides, Styrax japonicus for oviposition. Adults laid eggs on new inner twigs with 28.8 eggs per egg-mass. Egg size was 1.24 mm(length), 0.55 mm(width) in an oval shape. Nymphs molted four times. Every nymph stage had an x shape of yellow or white beeswax around the anus. Overwintered eggs of Ricania sp. hatched from the mid May to early June. Nymphal periods were from mid May to mid August and adults appeared from mid July but spawning began in mid August. Ricania sp. damaged new twigs by oviposition and retarded growth by sucking nutrients and producing a sooty mold. Sophora and natural plant extracts were effective environmentally friendly agricultural materials used to control the nymph and adult Ricania sp. Mortality was > 80%.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.52
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• pp.241-275
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• 2017

This study reinterprets the meaning of the record contents from the viewpoint of the record continuum to find ways to enhance the usability of records that are emphasized by the electronic record environments. In general, in academic discussions and practical examples, record contents are recognized as digital media produced by putting a high level of computer technologies and a big budget based on some records related to specific subjects. To enhance the usability of, and spread the meaning through, records, it is necessary to shift the awareness in record contents. For this purpose in Chapter 2, to grasp the meanings of the church records as well as the utilization direction, it is necessary to analyze the organization and function. Therefore, the analysis of the organization and function of the church was examined. In Chapter 3, this study attempted to find the meaning of the contents of church records in each dimension of the record continuum in relation to the mission of the church, which was identified through the organization and function analysis of the church. In Section 3, which corresponds to Dimension 4, the meaning of church record contents is diversified in society. In the end, this study suggests that the meaning and use value of records can be found in everyday life and can then be spread to society as well.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

Because of their specificity to target insects and relatively low toxicity to non-target organisms, insect growth regulators (IGRs) have been regarded as attractive alternatives to chemical insecticides. Commercially available IGRs are classified into juvenile hormone agonists (JHAs), ecdysone agonists (EAs), and chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) according to their mode of action. Recently, JH-mediated interaction of methoprene-tolerant (Met), which is JH receptor, and its binding partners have been replicated in vitro using yeast cells transformed with the Met and FISC/CYC genes of A. aegypti. Using this in vitro yeast two-hybrid β-galactosidase assay, juvenile hormone antagonists (JHANs) have been identified from various sources including chemical libraries, plants, and microorganisms. As juvenile hormone (JH) is an insect specific hormone and regulates development, reproduction, diapause and other physiological processes, JHANs fatally disrupt the endocrine signals, which result in abnormal development and larval death. These results suggested that JHANs could be efficiently applied as IGR insecticides with a broad insecticidal spectrum. This review discuses JH signaling pathway mediated by Met and future prospects of JHANs as environmentally benign IGR insecticides.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.695-703
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• 2008

China water market has huge potential for increased use of BOT mode and one of the most attractive markets of doing business. However, the current China water BOT market shows that many foreign companies are retreating from the market while Chinese water companies fast growing. From the view no domestic companies have track records in China BOT water market, the research identified twenty market access barriers in terms of construction laws, regulations, BOT-related policy and the recent market situation. These are evaluated based on interview results with 10 professionals direct or indirect having a China water BOT experience. All the factors are found to be highly influential to foreign company's decision on the market participation. Among those, no fixed return policy and low water price, difficulty in water price adjustment and approval, and no government guarantees, all directly related to the project viability and under the control of government, were the most critical factors, implying government's role is the key in increasing the market competition by attracting more foreign participation on the market. In addition, new construction law regulating foreign EPC contractor's construction work, namely Decree 113, and requirement of applying competitive bidding in selecting EPC contractor in a BOT project are also considered signigicant barriers on foreign participation, which contradicts international norm and therefore necessitates an adjustment on current decision process in domestic companies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2020

In this study, we implemented an education program to improve the responsive teaching ability of pre-service science teachers, and analyzed the responsive teaching practices revealed during the program process. Through this, we derived the types and characteristics of responsive teaching practice, identified factors that made it difficult for pre-service teachers to practice, and obtained empirical data on under what conditions the responsive teaching capacity of pre-service teachers was developed. For this purpose, a practice-based teacher education program was designed and carried out for 14 pre-service teachers who had no experience in responsive teaching. The program consists of four steps; observation of class, practice through rehearsal, application in practicum, and post-reflection on educational practice. In particular, qualitative analysis was conducted on the types of responsive teaching and their detrimental factors revealed during application in practicum. As a result of the analysis, four types were derived; discriminator type, communicator type, guide type, and facilitator type. Each type was identified as having a common responsive teaching step element. The education program implemented in this study was effective for pre-service teachers to recognize the importance of student-participation class and the educational effect of responsive teaching. However, three barriers that prevented pre-service teachers from responsive teaching practice were also analyzed. First was the pressure to achieve specific learning goals within a given class time. Second was the rigid belief of the fixed curriculum. Third was the obsession that the teacher should lead the class. Based on these results, it was suggested that in order to improve the responsive teaching ability of pre-service teachers, it is necessary to support the recognition of breaking out of the thinking the time constraint, the flexibility of the curriculum, and the role of teacher as a class supporter.