• Title/Summary/Keyword: 탄소동위원소분석

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Estimation of Pollutant Sources in Dangjin Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Carbon Isotopes (탄소 안정동위원소를 이용한 석탄화력발전소 인근 오염원 기원 추정 : 당진시를 중심으로)

  • Yoon, Soohyang;Cho, Bong-Yeon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.567-575
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    • 2021
  • Residents in Dangjin, South Chungcheong Province, in which large-scale emissions facilities such as coal-fired power plants and steel mills are concentrated, are very much concerned about their health despite the local government's aggressive efforts to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gases. To understand the impact of coal-fired power plants and external factors on local air pollution, the origins of local pollutants were investigated using stable carbon isotopes that are generally used as tracers of the provenance of fine or ultrafine dust. The origins of the pollutants were analyzed with the data library, built using the seasonally measured data for the two separate locations selected considering the distance from the coal-fired power plant and the analysis of previous studies, and with the back trajectory analysis. As a result of analyzing stable isotope ratios, the tendency of high concentration was found in the order of winter > spring > fall > summer. According to the data matching with the library, the mobile pollutants and open-air incineration had a relatively higher impact on the local air pollution. It is believed that this study, as a pilot study, should focus on securing the reliability of the study results through continuous monitoring and data accumulation.

Inorganic and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Devonian Bitumen Carbonate in Alberta, Canada (캐나다 데본기 비투멘 탄산염암의 무기 및 유기 지화학적 특성 연구)

  • Choi, Ji-young;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Kil, Yong-Woo;Lee, Sung-Dong;Park, Myong-Ho
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.21-35
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    • 2011
  • Inorganic and organic geochemical characteristics of Devonian bitumen carbonates in Alberta were studied using two drilling cores, Saleski 03-34-88-20w4 and Saleski 08-01-88-20w4, taken from the Core Research Center of Canada. The results of elements analyses showed high Total Inorganic Carbon, low Total Nitrogen and Total Sulfur, and Rock-Eval pyrolysis showed double $CO_2$ peaks in the oxidation part. These mean that the Devonian bitumen carbonates are mainly composed of dolomite formed by diagenesis, and its crystal texture is dominantly subhedral to anhedral but often euhedral. Bitumen contents were 3.6~19.0% in Saleski 3-34-88-20w4 and 5.0~16.4% in Saleski 08-01-88-20w4, respectively. As samples color become dark, bitumen and Total Organic Carbon contents are generally increasing in two cores. The results of biomarker analyses showed that the contents of resins and asphaltenes were 5~28% higher than those of saturated hydrocarbon, interring that the bitumen has been heavily biodegradated. According to the results of carbon isotope analyses in each component of bitumen, asphaltenes had highest values and the others had constant values. However, their values were varied in the range of normal crude oil (-18~-30‰).

Monitoring and Analytical Techniques for the Discharged Radiocarbon from Nuclear Facility (핵시설로부터 발생되는 방사성탄소 분석기술 및 감시)

  • Chun, Sang-Ki;Kim, Nak-Bae;Kim, Kun-Han;Choi, Su-Young;Park, Chan-Jo;Lee, Joung-Dae;Shin, Jang-Sik
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.693-698
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    • 2000
  • The object of this series of experiments was aimed for the systematic and long-term radioactivity monitoring through indirect search of C-14 concentration level changes in the natural conditions around the operating nuclear facilities. The result of environmental radioactivity level through tree-ring analysis is increased after operating nuclear facilities and such a level can be proved to relate power generation closely. The measured result of ${\delta}^{13}C$ through the treatment of cellulose can be showed the level -30‰. This figure is very different from one which is measured the -17‰ of air sample by passive air sampling and -8‰ of air sample by active air sampling. And these differences can be assumed as isotope fractionation by photosynthesis, but the problem is more study as needed.

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The Effect of Isotope Ratio in the Analysis of $CO_2$ (동위원소 비율이 이산화탄소 분석에 미치는 영향)

  • 이지연;유희수;박수영;문동민;이진복;김진석
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.321-322
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    • 2003
  • 근래에 지구 온난화에 의한 기상변화가 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 온실가스의 하나인 이산화 탄소의 정확한 측정은 지구온난화 문제를 연구하는데 중요한 하나의 축이 된다. 온실가스 측정의 목적은 전지구적 변화를 측정하는데 있음으로 0.l$\mu$mol/mol이내의 고정밀도가 요구된다. 현재 이산화탄소의 분석은 WMO가 지정한 이산화탄소 표준가스와 측정시료를 NDIR을 이용하여 비교분석 함으로써 이루어진다. (중략)

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Isotopic Evidence for Ontogenetic Shift in Food Resource Utilization during the Migration of the Slipmouth Leiognathus nuchalis in Gwangyang Bay, Korea (광양만 주둥치(Leiognathus nuchalis)의 서식처 이동에 의한 먹이원 변동 파악을 위한 안정동위원소 분석기법 적용)

  • Choi, Bohyung;Jo, Hyunbin;Park, Kiyun;Kwak, Ihn-Sil
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.84-90
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    • 2020
  • We investigated carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of the slipmouth Leiognathus nuchalis to reveal the effects of body size, feeding strategy and spatial distribution on the food resource utilization during the migration in the Seomjin estuary and Gwangyang Bay. The δ13C values of L. nuchalis caught in the Seomjin estuary where the salinity is lower than 30 psu were much lower than those in the deep-bay area of Gwangyang Bay. Such a spatial heterogeneity in δ13C values of the L. nuchalis clearly indicates active feeding within the estuarine habitat. In contrast, the δ15N values of L. nuchalis showed a consistency among sites, indicating that this species occupies identical trophic level across the whole area. The slipmouth distributed throughout the bay area, reflecting its euryhaline characteristics. However, the distribution pattern appeared to be separated according to body size into smaller individuals in the low-saline estuary and larger ones in the deep bay. Overall results support the plastic feeding strategy of the slipmouth from zooplanktonic (estuarine habitat) to epibenthic (deep-bay habitat) feeder during the migration between estuarine to deep-bay habitats.

The Characteristics of Organic Matter in the Quaternary Sediments from ODP Leg 127 Site 794A, East Sea (동해 ODP Leg 127 Site 794A에서 채취한 제4기 퇴적물의 유기지화학적 특성 연구)

  • Lee Sang Il;Lee Young-Joo;Kim Ji Hoon;Oh Jae Ho;Yun HyeSu
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.38 no.6 s.175
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    • pp.707-716
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    • 2005
  • Organic geochemical analyses including Rock-Eval pyrolysis, elemental analysis and stable carbon isotope analysis were performed to evaluate the characteristics of organic matter in the ODP Leg 127 Site 794A sediments and to understand paleoceanographic changes. Based on the TOC contents, C/N ratio, HI vs. OI, $\delta^{13}C_{org}$ and C/S ratio, results imply that dark layers containing a large amount of terrigenous organic matter were deposited under the suboxic/anoxic conditions, whereas the light layers containing largely marine organic matter were deposited under the oxic conditions. These results indicate that increasing surface-productivity by the input of a large amount of terrigenous organic matter from adjacent continent led to the deposition of dark layers during the interglacial highstands, whereas marine primary production and dilution caused by Kosa from the China desert area led to the deposition of light layers with the decreased to terrigenous organic matter during the glacial lowstands.

Analysis of Food Web Structure of Nakdong River Using Quantitative Food Web Parameters Obtained from Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratios (낙동강 수생태계 먹이망 구조 분석: 안정동위원소 비 기반의 정량적 생태정보를 이용한 영양단계 시공간 분포 경향 파악)

  • Oh, Hye-Ji;Jin, Mei-Yan;Choi, Bohyung;Shin, Kyung-Hoon;La, Geung-Hwan;Kim, Hyun-Woo;Jang, Min-Ho;Lee, Kyung-Lak;Chang, Kwang-Hyeon
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.50-64
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    • 2019
  • Recently, quantitative analyses of food web structure based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes are widely applied to environmental assessments as well as ecological researches of various ecosystems, particularly rivers and streams. In the present study, we analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of POM (both planktonic and attached forms), zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish collected from 6 sites located at Nakdong River. Samples were collected from upstream areas of 5 weirs (Sangju, Gangjeong-Goryeong, Dalseong, Hapcheon-Changnyeong, and Changnyeong-Haman Weirs) and one downstream area of Hapcheon-Changnyeong Weir in dry season (June) and after rainy season (September). We suggested ranges of their carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and calculated their trophic levels in the food web to compare their temporal and spatial variations. Trophic levels of organisms were relatively higher in Sangju Weir located at upper part of Nakdong River, and decreased thereafter. However, the trophic levels were recovered at the Changnyeong-Haman Weir, the lowest weir in the river. The trophic level calculated by nitrogen stable isotope ratios showed more reliable ranges when they were calculated based on zooplankton than POM used as baseline. The suggested quantitative ecological information of the majority of biological communities in Nakdong River would be helpful to understand the response of river food web to environmental disturbances and can be applied to various further researches regarding the quantitative approaches for the understanding food web structure and function of river ecosystems as well as restoration.

Introduction of a New Method for Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analysis of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments (수환경 내 용존성 유기물질의 총 유기탄소 및 총 질소 안정동위원소 신규 분석법 소개)

  • Si-yeong Park;Heeju Choi;Seoyeon Hong;Bo Ra Lim;Seoyeong Choi;Eun-Mi Kim;Yujeong Huh;Soohyung Lee;Min-Seob Kim
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.56 no.4
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    • pp.339-347
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    • 2023
  • Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in the biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystem. However, it has been rarely explored, particularly complex river watershed dominated by natural and anthropogenic sources, such as various effluent facility and livestock. The current research developed a new analytical method for TOC/TN (Total Organic Carbon/Total Nitrogen) stable isotope ratio, and distinguish DOM source using stable isotope value (δ13C-DOC) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI] and biological index [BIX]). The TOC/TN-IR/MS analytical system was optimized and precision and accuracy were secured using two international standards (IAEA-600 Caffein, IAEA-CH-6 Sucrose). As a result of controlling the instrumental conditions to enable TOC stable isotope analysis even in low-concentration environmental samples (<1 mgC L-1), the minimum detection limit was improved. The 12 potential DOM source were collected from watershed, which includes top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae) and effluent group (pig and cow livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine facility and wastewater treatment facilities). As a result of comparing characteristics between 12 sources using spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC values, it were divided into four groups according to their characteristics as a respective DOM sources. The current study established the TOC/TN stable isotope analyses system for the first time in Korea, and found that spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC are very useful tool to trace the origin of organic matter in the aquatic environments through library database.

A Study on the Quantitative Recovery of Dissolved Inorganic Carbonates in Ground Water for Radiocarbon Measurement (방사성탄소 측정을 위한 지하수 중에 용존된 무기탄소 화합물의 정량적 회수 연구)

  • Chun, Sang-Ki;Woo, Hyung-Joo;Cho, Soo-Young;Kim, Nak-Bae;Lee, Jong-Dae
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.284-289
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    • 1999
  • Dissolved inorganic carbonates in ground water were quantitatively recovered by using gas evolution method. Gas evolution method was found to be less time-consuming, less susceptible to the contamination fromatmospheric $CO_2$ and little affected by the sulfate ions in comparison to the direct precipitation method. Extraction efficiency of nearly 99% could be achieved by gas evolution method in two hours using recirculated gas at a sweeping rate of 4 liter per minute. Samples for carbon isotope fractionation study were collected in three fractions with collection times. The evolution time for the first fraction was one hours, and then second and third fractions were collected at intervals of 30 minutes, respectively. A small portion of each fraction was analyzed to evaluate ${\delta}^{13}C$ values, which were measured to be -7.9‰, -3.0‰ and +0,4‰ for the each fraction. The result clearly indicated that gas evolution method generates isotopically lighter carbon at the beginning of the purging process and heavier isotopes at the end. However, this isotope fractionation effect could be neglected by the almost complete recovery of carbonates.

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The distribution of sulfate and methane concentration and their vertical trend in the Ulleung Basin (동해 울릉분지의 황산염과 메탄의 농도 분포 및 심도에 따른 변화 양상)

  • Kim Ji-Hoon;Park Myong-Ho;Ryu Byong-Jae;Lee Young-Joo;Han Hyun-Chul;Cheong Tae-Jin;Oh Jae-Ho;Chang Ho-Wan
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.622-625
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구의 목적은 동해 울릉분지 천부퇴적층의 공극수와 메탄의 특징 및 상호작용을 규명하는데 있다. 울릉분지에서 채취한 코어에서 공극수를 추출하여 분석한 결과, 공극수의 황산염 농도가 퇴적물의 심도가 증가할수록 감소하며, 감소하는 경향은 크게 세 가지 (직선성, concave down, upward kink)로 나뉨을 알 수 있었다. 이는 모든 코어에서 황산염 환원작용이 일어나고 있음을 지시한다 황산염 농도의 수직적 구배를 이용하여 SMI (sulfate-methane interface) 심도를 계산하면, 남부울릉분지가 북부울릉분지보다 낮은 값을 갖는다. 반면에 메탄 농도는 퇴적물의 심도가 증가할수록 전반적으로 증가하며, 공간적으로는 남부 울릉분지가 북부울릉보지보다 높다. 또한 남부울릉분지에서 메탄가스 농도는 SMI 심도 아래에서 급격히 증가한다 메탄가스의 탄소 안정동위원소$(\delta^{13}C)$ 분석 값들은 대부분 $-60\%_{\circ}$이하로서 이는 메탄가스가 열기원 보다는 박테리아기원임을 지시해준다 또한 남부 울릉분지에서 메탄의 탄소 안정동위원소 분석 값들은 메탄농도가 증가할수록 낮은 값을 보여 주는 데 이러한 결과들은 남부 울릉분지에서 무산소 메탄 산화작용이 일어나고 있음을 지시하고, 메탄의 상향 분산 (diffusion)량이 북부 울릉분지보다 많이 일어난다는 것을 의미한다. 공극수내 황산염 이온 농도 구배와 메탄가스 농도를 종합적으로 고려할 때, 울릉분지에서 가스하이드레이트의 부존가능성은 북부 울룽분지보다 남부 울릉분지가 높은 것으로 추정된다.

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