• Trans-
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• v.3
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• pp.29-53
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• 2017

The film scholar Vincent Amiel divides into three types of montage through his book The Aesthetics of Montage ; Montage narratif, Montage discursif, and Montage decorrespondances. These three categories are the concept that encompasses the aesthetic class to which most movies belong. Early films pursued the essential and basic functions of editing, which tend to be modified in the direction of enhancing the director's goals over time. In this way, "Expressive Montage" is one of most important concepts of montage, not as a 'methodology' that combines narrative but as a 'purpose'. In the montage stage, the expressive montage work is done through three steps of decision. The process of 'combining' to combine the selected films in a certain order, after the process of 'selection' which selects only necessary parts of the rush film, and 'connection' to determine the scene connection considering the duration of the shot. The connection is the final stage of the montage. There are exceptions, of course. When fiction films of classical narratives use close-ups, or when using models or objects of neutered animals, the film induces the tendency of a "montage decorrespondances" rather than a "montage narratif" or "montage discursif". This study attempts to analyze the tendency of montage of works with 'uncertain connection' through 'collage' used by close-ups and montage decorrespondances as 'fragmentation tendency of modern films'. The fragmentation of the montage in contemporary film breaks the continuous and structural nature of the film, and confuses the narration structure that is visible on the surface of the film. The tendency of the fragmentation of the montage, which started from this close-up, seems to give an answer to the extensibility of the modern image.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Ipriflavone (IP) stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast and also enhances calcitonin secretion in the presence of estrogen. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLCA) due to its controllable biodegradability and relatively good biocompatibility is one of the most significant candidates for the study of drug controlled release system. In this study, IP-loaded PLGA microspheres (MSs) was prepared by using conventional O/W solvent evaporation method. The size of MSs was in the range of 5~200 $mu extrm{m}$. The morphology of MSs was characterized by SEM. And, in vitro release amounts of IP were analyzed by HPLC. The highest encapsulation efficiency were obtained by using gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsifiers. The morphology, size distribution, and in vitro release pattern of MSs were changed by several preparation parameters such as molecular weights (8, 20, 33 and 90 kg/mol), polymer concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%), emulsifier types (PVA, gelatin and Tween 80), initial drug loading amount (5, 10, 20 and 30%) and stirring speed (250, 500 and 1000 rpm). The release of IP in vitro was more prolonged over 30 days, with close to zero-order pattern by controlling the preparation parameters. The physicochemical properties of IP-loaded PLGA MSs were investigated by XRD and DSC.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2017

Contemporary art make-up is being widely developed in line with the trends of individualization and differentiation departing from basic desires or logical thinking about the desires of human beings who ultimately pursue beauty and experiencing diversified convergence and integration befitting customer needs. Cubism that has been playing a central role at the center of art history in the $20^{th}$ century can act as a good material based on creativity with regard to expression of the art make-up. In this regard, the study was focused on creating new concepts of design and novel areas of expression by combining expressive methods of cubism with art make-up to suggest an art mask. As for a method of the study, cubism and art make-up were examined based on preceding studies, Internet data and technical books, and the expression method of cubism was divided into plural points of view, partition of shape and collage and motivated the works of Picasso for the purpose of art mask-converged design. As a result of the study, it was found out that the expression method of cubism was applicable to the art make-up, and creative art make-up converged design could be generated to make a suggestion. In this regard, it is hoped that further studies will be facilitated and that this study can be instrumental in developing art make-up design.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.982-991
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• 2007

The present study was done to assess the suppressive effects of Haedongpi-san(HDPS), a traditional herbal medicine, on collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and to examined it's effects on immune system. Oral administration of HDPS (200 or 400 mg/Kg) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA, which extend is comparable to that of methotrexate (MTX, 30 mg/Kg), a positive control. Histological examinations reveled that HDPS inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells into affected paw joint, and bone erosion and cartilage destruction were greatly reduced compared with control. In paw joint, the number of CD3+ cells and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells were greatly reduced by HDPS. The levels of pathologic cytokines including TNF-a and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the serum by oral treatment with HDPS. The levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$ in the culture supernatant of splenocyte stimulated with CD3/CD28 or collagen were dramatically decreased, while those of IL-4 was increased. Rheumatoid factors including IgG, IgM and collagen specific antibody were present much lower in the serum of HDPS treated mice than control. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HDPS treated mice, the percentage of CD3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD4+, CD4+/CD25+ cells were significantly decreased, while CD19+ cells were slightly increased compared with control. The absolute number of CD19+, CD3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD4+/CD25+, CD49b+ cell in spleen from HDPS treated mice were significantly decreased. The absolute number of CD3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD4+, CD4+/CD25+ CD8+, CD49b+, CD3+/CD49b+ cells in draining lymph node were significantly increased compared with control. Taken together, HDPS has suppressive effects on rheumatoid arthritis by modulating immune system, and has potential to use as an therapeutic for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.171-184
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• 2017

The designers pursue the thoughtful and wide thinking through the accumulation of knowledge and cultivation of insights for making use of high-level design philosophy and language. The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of concept figuration types based on designer's 'memory' in landscape design. The results of this study are as follows. First, the design idea starts to be based on the language and image memory of the designer. The figuration types are composed of the verbal and visual view which are representative communication means. Second, the verbal concept figuration of landscape design consists of two types. The symbolic language of the title as a design theme can be a 'phrase', and it should have a hierarchial balance between the master and the sub. 'Descriptive shape of conceptual scenario' is a text that expresses the concept narratively in order that the reader virtually experiences designed landscapes. Third, visual concept figuration of landscape design is divided into three types. 'Simple visualization of a diagram' is easily embodied through a simple graphic using symbols, comments, images and key words. 'Concept sketch and shape of core idea' is useful to grasp the core of the idea such as physical element, form attribute of space and spatial relation at the initial phase of the concept. 'A collage and montage that create a new shape with a combination of images' are a collection of materials and images that provide a new perspective. These are tools to depict them in a compressed way after recording landscapes phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.739-744
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• 2020

This study evaluates the erosive potential and effects of mixed alcohols by analyzing the pH, titratable acidity, and fluorescence loss degree (△F). Following alcohol groups were investigated: Soju, Calamansi+soju, Yakult+soju, Cola+soju, and Energy drink+soju. The ratio of soju:beverage in the alcohol mixtures was 7:3. Ed. Notes: The sentence lacks clarity. Please review if the edit correctly portrays the meaning. If not, please revise appropriately. Measurement of the pH and titratable acidity (the amount of 1M NaoH solution required to raise to pH 5.5 (TA5.5) and 7.0 (TA7.0)) of alcohols was achieved by stirring with pH meter. The erosive effect of the alcohol mixtures on bovine tooth (△F) after 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours exposure were analyzed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF-D). All the mixed alcohols in this study showed an acidic pH, lower than 4.5. The average pH of mixed alcohols was 3.17 ± 0.50 whereas the pH of Soju was 8.6 ± 0.01. The TA5.5 and TA7.0 values of the mixed alcohols were 0.5~18 and 0.5~23.5, respectively. △F of the three tested mixed alcohol groups (except yakult+soju group) were observed to increase in a time-dependent manner. The calamansi mixed alcohol had the highest acidity potential and erosive effect among the tested groups. Taken together, the results indicate that the mixed alcohols have a strong erosive effect and potential on dental enamel.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.111-132
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• 2015

Although Rotoscoping technique has been used for a long time to mimic the natural and smooth motion since the early 20th century, its artistic value was devalued as tricks because it traces the already recorded images. But the fact that the rotoscoping images can cross the boundaries between animation and live action in an infinite integral freedom in the digital era became rather expansive new aesthetic possibilities of representation of the reality. In addition, Jonas Odell's animations such as (2010), (2008), (2006) are good example to prove that the rotoscoping images also can serve as means to enhance its narrative. This study is to analyze how rotoscoping images act as a unique role in relation with the narrative based on the said person's real stories and realistic images. I argue that his animated films constantly contain these three characteristics -Images to mediate Auditory sensitivity as a record of inner metaphysical reality, anonymous images to represent a specific existential character, and images that act as physical representation that holds the physical space/time and related memory. This reveals that rotoscoping images in this digital era went beyond reproduction for natural movements or special type of style. It rather suggests new layers of experience, and acquires new value in animation. I hope that this study could serve as a foundation to rediscover and re-position the value of rotoscoping images as well as good opportunity to introduce very talented swedish animation artist who already received global attention with his unique philosophical and aesthetic style.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.137-153
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• 2011

Paper cultural heritages in museums and libraries are deteriorated by many biological factors like as fungi, insects, bacteria and rodents and get irreversibly damaged. Especially, paper components like as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectins, tannins, proteins and mineral additives are good nourishment for microorganism. Through some studies on fungi causing the aging of paper materials, Aspergilli (about 30%) and Penicilli (more than 30%) are the most common among 300 different kinds of microorganism that caused the biological aging of paper cultural heritages in museums and libraries. At present, various treatments are attempted to control the biodeterioration by these fungi. Especially, it is focused on the control of environmental factors such as humidity, temperature and oxygen. In this study, the oxygen absorbent was used to control oxygen, one of the these favorable conditions during the biological aging of Hanji by Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium polonicum and then the effect on prevention in aging by this treatment was investigated. In result, the oxygen absorbent treatment had the good effect on prevention in aging during the biological aging by two species of fungi.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.468-474
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• 2005

PLGA and PCL copolymers initiated by carbitol as drug carriers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LA), glycolide (GA), and $\varepsilon-caprolactone(\varepsilon-CL)$. Implantable wafers were simply fabricated by direct compression method after physical mixing of copolymers and bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (BSA-FITC) as a model protein drug. The release amounts of BSA-FITC from wafers were determined by fluorescence intensity using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. Also, the release behavior of BSA-FITC on wafers was controlled by adding the additives such as collagen, small intestinal submucosa (SIS), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(thylene glycol) (PEG). The wafer prepared by PLGA and PCL exhibited slow release within $10\%$ for 30 days. But, those prepared by a variety of additives exhibited the controlled BSA release patterns with a dependence on the additive contents. furthermore, the wafers containing natural materials such as collagen and SIS showed more zero-order release profile than that with synthetic materials such as PVP and PEG. It was confirmed that the release of BSA from implantable wafers could be easily controlled by adding natural additives.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.130-137
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• 2006

본 논문은 디지털홈서비스의 실제 이용자들에 대한 실증분석을 통해 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝히기 위한 연구이다. 디지털홈서비스의 특성에 맞게 기술수용모형(TAM)을 확장, 수정된 연구모형을 개발, 가설을 설정하여 분석하였다. 외부변수로 이용자의 특성을 채택하였으며, 디지털홈서비스가 가정 내 기술임을 고려하여 신념변수로 '지각된 이용용이성'과 '시각된 즐거움'외에 '지각된 편의성', '지각된 안전성', '지각된 삶의 질 향상'이라는 변수를 추가하였고 종속변수로는 '이용행동'을 설정하였다. 205명의 실제 이용자를 대상으로 한 설물조사 중 201개의 유효표본을 분석하였고, 신뢰성과 타당성 모두 통계적으로 적합한 것으로 나타났다. AMOS 4를 이용한 구조방정식 모형분석을 통해 24개의 가설검증 결과, 13개의 가설이 채택되었다. 이용자 개인의 특성 중 경험과 교육훈련은 지각된 이용용이성에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며 혁신성은 지각된 즐거움, 지각된 편의성, 지각된 안전성, 지각된 삼의 질 향상에 대하여 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 지각된 이용용이성이 다른 신념변수인 지각된 즐거움, 지각된 편의성, 지각된 안전성, 지각된 삶의 질 향상에 정의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 종속변수인 이용행동에는 지각된 즐거움과 지각된 편의성, 지각된 삶의 질 향상이 긍정적인 영향을 미치나, 지각된 이용용이성과 지각된 안전성은 영향을 미치지 않았다. 가정에서 쉽게 이용할 수 있다는 것만으로는 적극적인 이용 행동을 기대할 수 없으며, 즐거움 및 실용적인 효익들의 제공 및 이를 위한 다양한 컨텐츠와 프로그램 개발등이 매우 중요하다는 것을 시사하고 있다.3-25%까지 감소하였다. 하지만 산간지역에서는 발육속도가 빨라지고 수량이 증가하거나 큰 변화가 없는 곳도 많아 온난화조건에서도 지역별 정밀기후 추정과 이에 근거한 최적품종의 선택, 이앙기 및 수확기 등 생육기간의 조절이 온난화 대응기술로서 유효할 것으로 기대된다.결과를 분석한 데이터를 차기 메일 발송에 꾸준히 적용함으로써 성공적인 이메일 마케팅 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.여 수평적인 의견도출과 각자 역할의 확대 및 변화를 시도할 수 있는 제작흐름이 되도록 고안된 제작구조이다.성을 환기시켜 객관적이고 비판적인 의식을 환기시키는 브레히트의 '소격화'의 효과가 소비자의 관심을 환기시켜 특정한 목적을 달성하려는 광고에 효율적으로 적용된 예 인 것이다. 재미, 기타 독특한 체험을 통해 소비자에게 유희라는 쾌락적 경험을 제공하고자 한다.고도로 통계적 유의차(p<0.001)가 있었다. 즐기는 음료로는 ${\ulcorner}$콜라${\lrcorner}$가 가장 많았으며(46.8%), 그 다음은 사이다, 주스 등의 순으로 나타났으나, 남 여 대학생간에는 유의성있는 차이는 없었다. 음식의 먹는 시기는 점심과 저녁사이의 ${\ulcorner}$간식${\lrcorner}$이 가장 많았으며(42.2%), 남 여 대학생간에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 패스트푸드는 많은 사람들이 ${\ulcorner}$맛${\lrcorner}$이 좋기 때문에 이용하며(62.8%), 남 여 대학생간에는 통계적 유의성(p<0.05)이 인정되었다. 5. ${\u