• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 2006

Shrinkage may cause cracking in concrete. In practice such cracking must be considered in most concrete applications because, under normal conditions, drying of the concrete is unavoidable, and when drying takes place shrinkage occurs. Cracked concrete is an inferior concrete because it is weaker, more permeable, and more susceptible to chemical attack. The development of the strength of LAC with aging depends on a few factors such as type of the cement, W/C ratio, curing conditions and periods. The higher the strength of LAC, the lower the possibility of shrinkage cracking. Hence, the strength of LAC in the hypocaust system depends to a large extent on the effect of cracking decrease of the antifoaming rate to drying shrinkage in cement.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.68-75
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• 2021

This study performed simulating water absorption in various pre-cracked concretes. 2D-Finite Element Analysis (2D-FEA) model was developed based on experimental results on the amount of absorbed water in concrete with the exposure time. Results from the 2D-FEA showed that both crack width and crack depth strongly affect the amount of absorbed water in cracked concrete. In addition, water absorption rate is introduced and a predictive equation is suggested to estimate the rate in order to quantify the amount of absorbed water in cracked concrete. It was confirmed that water absorption in concrete having less than 150 mm crack depth was dominated as a main transport factor regardless of crack width. Therefore, considering that steel corrosion caused by chlorides dissolved in water mainly occurs in reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary that crack depth as well as crack width should be investigated in reinforced concrete structures at the time of field-inspection.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.4-14
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• 1997

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.14-19
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• 2002

과연 콘크리트 구조물에 있어서 누수 균열은 문제가 되는 것일까？ 이에 대해 설계, 구조 시공, 재료(콘크리트), 방수, 품질 및 안전의 관련 전문가는 여러 가지 이견을 말하고 있다. 또한 콘크리트 구조물에 관계하는 발주자, 건축주, 사용자, 시공자의 입장도 상황에 따라 다르게 해석하고, 평가하고 있다. 예를 들면 일반적으로 발주자(건축주 등)는 시공자에게 누수 균열은 하자이므로 무조건 보수할 것을 요구하는 반면 사용자(언론 포함)가 문제를 제기할 때(공공공사의 경우) 발주자는 이에 대해 크게 문제되지 않는다고 답변하는 경우도 많다. 어떤 기술자는 콘크리트의 누수 균열은 피할 수 없는 사항이므로 근본적으로 해결할 수 없으므로 완벽한 시공 및 보수는 어렵고, 다만 전체적인 누수량이 어느 정도 이하가 되도록만 관리할 뿐이라고 말하고, 또한 지하 구조물의 누수 균열은 피할 수 없어, 누수를 시각적으로 가리기 위한 보호벽을 쌓아 관리하는 것이 당연하다고 말하는 기술자도 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 일반 사용자들은 무조건 누수균열이 없어야 한다고 의견을 제시하고 있다. 특히 언론에 구조물 누수의 문제가 수시로 보도되어 관계자 및 관련 건설기술자들의 자존심이 크게 훼손되고, 이를 보수하기 위한 비용이 엄청나게 지출되고 있음을 볼 때 적당히 간과해서는 안될 문제임에는 틀림없다.(중략)

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 1996

In this study a model for the constitutive relation of a plane concrete is proposed using a micromechariical model. In this model a precursor crack is assumed to exist in the aggregate-cement paste interface, and the LEFM is used to predict the nucleation of the bond cracks and the grow th of mortar cracks. For computational convenience the bond crack-mortar crack configuration is transformed into a straight crack with a point force in the middle. 'The overall compliance and the cons,titutive relation are predicted from the damage due to microcracks, and the predicted stress-strain curves are compared with some experimental data. According to the results, the model predictions are better for under tensile loading than under compression, for high, strength concrete than for normal strength concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.569-577
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to qualitatively evaluate the cracking control effects of expansive concrete used in reinforced concrete building. The result of experiments in laboratory shows that autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage are suppressed by using expansive additive. The tensile stress-strength ratio is lower in expansive concrete than normal concrete under fully restrained condition. Compression stress could be effectively generated in early age in the walls in buildings by the use of expansive additive, and tensile stress due to drying shrinkage at later age eventually decreased. Additionally, visual observation at long-term ages shows that the cracking area of expansive concrete was approximately 35% of normal concrete, which confirms that the use of expansive additive reduces concrete cracking in reinforced concrete buildings.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.1 s.91
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

This paper presents an analytical model for evaluation of crack widths in structural concrete members. The model is mathematically derived from the actual bond stress-slip relationships between the reinforcement and the surrounding concrete, and the relationships summarized in CEB-FIP Model Code 1990 are employed in this study together with the assumption of a linear slip distribution along the interface at the stabilized cracking stage. With these, the actual strains of the steel and the concrete are integrated respectively along the embedment length between the adjacent cracks so as to obtain the difference in the axial elongation. The model is applied to the test specimens available in literatures, and the predicted values are shown to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.224-227
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• 1992

세그멘탈 교량에 포스트 텐셔닝 힘을 도입할 때 발생하는 가장 큰 문제는 균열의 발생이다. 이러한 균열은 실제 구조물의 강도감소 뿐 아니라, 이 균열은 염분 및 수분 침투의 통로가 되어, 부식 및 동결손상의 주원인이 되어 구조안전도에 큰 문제를 유발한다. 본 연구는 국부 집중 하중을 받는 프리스트레스 정착부의 응력분포 특성을 규명하고, 국부집중응력으로 인한 균열 발생 요인을 규명하여, 균열발생방지방안 및 그 대책을 강구함에 그 근본 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 텐던에 대한 형상, 국부보강방식, 단일 및 복수텐던의 영향, 구조보강 철근량에 따른 콘크리트 내부 변형도 및 균열양상을 도출하기 위해, 부재를 제작하여 실험을 실시하여 균열의 양상 및 균열발생원인을 조사하고, 그 구체적 보강방안을 찾고자 한다.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 1996

The fracture process zone in concrete is a region ahead of a traction-free crack, in which two major mechanisms, microcracking and bridging, play important roles. The toughness due to bridging is dominant compared to toughness induced by microcracking, so that the bridging is dominani: mechanism governing the fracture process of concrete. Fracture mechanics does work for concrete provided that the fracture process zone is being considered, so that the development of model for the fracture process zone is most important to describe fracture phenomena in concrete. In this paper the bridging zone, which is a part of extended rnacrocrack with stresses transmitted by aggregates in concrete, is modelled by a Dugdale-Barenblatt type model with linear tension-softening curve. Two finite element techniques are shown for the analysis of progressive cracking in concrete based on the discrete crack approach: one with crack element, the other without crack element. The advantage of the technique with crack element is that it dees not need to update the mesh topology to follow the progressive cracking. Numerical results by the techniques are demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2002

A constitutive model unifying plasticity and crack damage mode)s was developed to address the cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete planar members. The stress of concrete in tension-compression was conceptually defined by the sum of the compressive stress developed by the strut-action of concrete and the tensile stresses developed by tensile cracking. The plasticity model with multiple failure criteria was used to describe the isotropic damage of compressive crushing affected by the anisotropic damage of tensile cracking. The concepts of the multiple fixed crack damage model and the plastic flow model of tensile cracking were used to describe the tensile stress-strain relationship of multi-directional cracks. This unified model can describe the behavioral characteristics of reinforced concrete in cyclic tension-compression conditions, i.e. multiple tensile crack orientations, progressively rotating crack damage, and compressive crushing of concrete. The proposed constitutive model was implemented to finite element analysis, and it was verified by comparison with existing experimental results from reinforced concrete shear panels and walls under cyclic load conditions.