• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.120-122
• /
• 1997

1. 서론 : 본 연구에서는 매우 안정된 유동의 하나로 막 표면의 전단력을 향상시켜 여과가 진행됨에 따라 막의 표면에서 발생하여 여과선속을 저하시키는 케이크층의 형성을 억제하는 데에 효과가 있다고 알려진 Taylor와류를 응용한 회전막 여과기를 사용하여 여과실험을 수행함으로써 이러한 유동이 케이크층의 형성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 여과선속에 영향을 미치는 여러 매개인자들을 포함하는 새로운 모델식을 제안하고 실험결과와 비교해봄으로써 그 타당성을 살펴보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.05b
• /
• pp.405-406
• /
• 2003

분진여과시 형성되는 분진 케이크는 궁극적인 여과 성능을 좌우하며, 필터의 구조, 분진 입자의 형태나 크기, 분진농도, 여과속도 등에 의해 영향을 받는다 특히 필터의 표면 구조나 기공 크기는 여과 초기 단계의 케이크 층의 구조를 결정하며, 연속적인 여과시 초기 케이크 층은 다음에 쌓이는 케이크 형성과 비저항에 영향을 주므로 필터 medium 구조 또한 분진여과 과정에서 중요한 영향 요인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 필터 medium의 구조가 서로 다른 고온가스정화용 복합 세라믹 필터, metal fiber mat, 스테인레스 필터를 이용하여 분진농도와 여과속도를 변수로 하여 분진 여과 실험을 함으로써 각각의 필터에 대한 케이크 비저항과 기공율을 실험과 이론식으로부터 추정하였다. (중략)

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.468-475
• /
• 2006

For the filtration of super compactible cake, the high filtration pressure can not improve filtration rate. As the high pressure, in this case, decreases the cake porosity adjacent to filter medium and thus forms 'dense skin' which decreases the rate of liquid flow in a great extent. Actually, there was no method to improve filtration rate for the filtration with super compactible cake. We propose the saturation of $CO_2$ gas into the suspension before the filtration operation for improving the filtration rate. The dissolved $CO_2$ gas transforms itself into gas phase in the dense skin through which the pressure changes dramatically. The gas secures its space inside the dense skin, and finally forms the flow passages which improve the filtration rate.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1997.04b
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 1997

여과가 진행됨에 따라 막의 표면에서 발생하여 여과선속을 저하시키는 케이크층의 형성은 막을 이용한 고-액 분리공정에서 발생하는 가장 큰 문제점의 하나로서 이는 막 분리공정의 경제성을 좌우하는 중요한 인자가 된다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 유체와 막 사이의 상대속도를 증가시켜 여과속도를 향상시키는 십자흐름 여과, 즉 CFF(crossflow filtration)에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 심자흐름 여과에서도 막과 유체 사이의 상대속도의 증가에 한계가 있고 또한, 막의 기공보다 작은 입자가 막의 기공 내에 침투하여 막을 오염시키는 현상을 예측하기 어렵기 때문에 여과기의 설계에 있어서 많은 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 이에 오염된 막을 재생시키기 위하여 기계적.화학적인 여러 가지 방법들이 개발되고 여과선속을 향상시키는 방법이 꾸준히 연구되어 분리막 기술의 경제성을 향상시켜 왔다. 본 연구에서는 매우 안정된 유동의 하나로서 막 표면의 전단력을 향상시키는 데에 효과가 있다고 알려진 Taylor와류를 응용한 회전막 여과기를 사용하여 여러 가지 크기의 입자에 대한 여과실험을 수행함으로써 이러한 유동이 케이크의 형성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 여과선속에 영향을 미치는 여러 매개인자를 알아보고 실험결과를 간단한 모델식에 적용해 봄으로써 막의 저항을 예측할 수 있는 모델식으로의 개선 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.84-98
• /
• 2002

도공층의 표면과 내부의 공극구조는 도공지에서 중요한 광학적 성질과 인쇄적성에 밀접한 관계가 있다. 이러한 공극은 도공액이 건조됨에 따라 자연적으로 형성되고 공극의 크기와 용적은 도공액의 조성, 원지의 사이즈도, 건조 속도 및 칼렌더 처리 조건 등에 의해 영향을 받는다. 공극구조는 원지의 흡수에 의해 카드 하우스(card house)형 태의 케이크(cake)층의 형성과 바인더 이동(binder migration) 때문에 생성되는 시점에서 이미 두께방향에서 불균일하게 된다. 도공층 표면의 평활도와 백지광택을 향상시키기 위하여 칼렌더 처리를 행하는데 이 때 도공층 표층의 큰 공극이 압축되어 치밀화현상이 일어나, 공극구조는 한층 더 불균일하게 된다.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2002

The streaming potential generated by the electrokinetic flow within electric double layer of charged microchannel is applied to determine the zeta potential of hollow-fiber membrane pore by using the general Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. The streaming potential is know to provide a useful real-time information on the surface property and the interaction between pore and particles in actual situations and physicochemical conditions. The influence of physicochemical parameters upon the filtration with hollow-fibers has been examined with an in-situ and simultaneously monitoring the streaming potential as well as permeate flux. In particular, the present study examined an experimental method to identify the effect of cake layer which can vary according to the axial position of a hollow-fiber and the progress of membrane fouling by measuring the position-dependent streaming potential. As the latex concentration increases, the permeate flux decreased but the streaming potential increased. The growth of cake layer has been mire developed with increasing latex concentration, however, the effect of surface charges of latexes deposited on the membrane surface leads to increase the streaming potential. With increasing ionic concentration of KCI, both the permeate flux and the streaming potential decrease. The increase of ionic concentration provides a compact cake layer due to the shrinkage of Debye length and the decreased streaming potential results from the weakened ionic flows owing to a thin diffusive double layer.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2011

Membrane filtration has become firmly established as a primary process for ensuring the purity, safety and efficiency of treatment of water or effluents. Several researches have been performed to develop and design membrane systems in order to increase the accuracy and performance of the processes. In this study, a lattice Boltzmann method for the cake layer has been developed using particle dynamics based on an immersed boundary method and the cake layer formation process on membrane has been numerically simulated. Case studies including various particle sizes were also performed for a microfiltration process. The growth rate of the cake layer thickness and the permeation flow rate along the membranes were predicted. The results of this study agreed well with that of previous experiments. Effects of various particle diameters on the membrane performance were studied. The cake layer of a large particle tended to be growing fast and the permeation flow going down rapidly at the beginning. The layer thickness of a small particle increased constantly and the flow rate was smaller than that of the large particle at the end of simulation time.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.334-342
• /
• 2012

To know the role of 'the solid compressive pressure to the first solid layer of a cake, $p_d$' in the 'unified theory on solid-liquid separation', we analyzed extremely compressible cake formed with floc for the following three operations with our new concepts. First, the role of $p_d$ was studied in calculating the sediment thickness of floc, and in calculating the cake thickness in cake filtration performed with floc sediment. Second, we calculated the expression procedure using $p_d$. Finally, the influence of $p_d$ on cake thickness in hindered sedimentation, and on the calculation of the procedure of hindered sedimentation $p_d$ was verified. Thus the possibility of application of 'unified theory on solid-liquid separation' and the importance of $p_d$ was verified. Through these processes, new theoretical definitions of the cake filtration, expression and hindered sedimentation was established.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.639-645
• /
• 2008

The objectives of this research are to (1) observe changes in particle size distribution due to formation of microflocs during coagulation process (2) identify the membrane fouling potential on cross flow system (3) investigate the mechanism of membrane fouling. The rate of flux decline for the hydrophobic membrane was significantly greater than for the hydrophilic membrane, regardless of pretreatment conditions. The pretreatment of the raw water significantly reduced the fouling of the UF membrane. Also, the rate of flux decline for the hydrophobic membrane was considerably greater than for the hydrophilic membrane. Applying coagulation process before membrane filtration showed not only reducing membrane fouling, but also improving the removal of dissolved organic materials that might otherwise not be removed by the membrane. That is, during the mixing period, substantial changes in particle size distribution occurred under rapid and slow mixing condition due to the simultaneous formation of microflocs and NOM precipitates. Therefore, combined pretreatment using coagulation not only improved dissolved organics removal efficiency but also flux recovery efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2008

In constructing a slurry trench cutoff wall, bentonite-water slurry is used to secure the stability of sidewalls during excavation before the wall is completed by backfilling. Unexpectedly, a thin but relatively impermeable layer called filter cake can be formed on the excavation surface, which significantly influences the result of slug test analysis in the cutoff wall if not considered. This study is to examine the effect of filter cake on evaluating hydraulic conductivity of the vertical cutoff wall through slug test analysis with the aid of the verified numerical program Slug_3D. The no-flux boundary conditions were adopted in Slug_3D to simulate the filter cake on the interface between the wall and the natural soil. A new set of type curves were built for applying the type curve method. New modification factors were obtained for using the modified line-fitting method. With consideration of filter cake, the type curve method and the modified line-fitting method were adopted to reanalyze the case study taken from EMCON (1995). The previous results achieved by Choi and Daniel (2006) without consideration of filter cake were compared with the present results obtained in this paper. The comparison emphasizes the necessity of considering filter cake when analyzing slug test results in vertical cutoff walls.