• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.148.1-148.1
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• 2013

투어멀린는 $XY_3Z_6(Si_6O_{18})(BO_3)_3$ 화학 방정식을 가진 광물로써 조성에 따라 alkali 투어멀린, calcic 투어멀린, X-site vacant 투어멀린 등으로 불린다. 투어멀린 특성과 화학성분에 따라 종을 구분하는데, 주된 종들은 엘바이트, 리디코타이트, 드라바이트, 우바이트, 숄이 있다. 일반적으로 적색 투어멀린의 발색 원인은 Mn, Fe 그리고 Cu의 함량에 따라 색상의 차이를 나타낸다. 본 연구에서 우리는 10MeV 에너지와 $1{\times}10^{17}cm^2$ 조건에서 전자빔을 수행 한 후 투어멀린의 컬러 변화를 관찰하였다. 자외선-가시광선 분광분석결과 모든 시료는 전자빔 조사 후 530 nm의 $Mn^{3+}$부근의 흡수 peak들이 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다. 이는 $Mn^{2+}$에서 $Mn^{3+}$ 이동 때문이여, $Mn^{3+}$는 Y-site에서 O(1)H-O(3)H 축에 따라 Jann-taller 변형으로 안정된 구조를 가지게 된다. 따라서 전자빔 조사 후 적색으로 변하게 되는 것이다. 또한 전자빔 조사 후 컬러가 모두 변했지만 상온에 뒀을 때 변화 된 컬러가 원래의 색으로 되돌아가는 향상을 보였다. 이는 전자빔 조사 후 전자가 튕겨져 나가서 불안정한 상태로 존재하고 있다가 상온의 열에 의한 에너지에 통해 다시 안정된 상태로 되돌아오는 결과로 볼 수 있다. 또한 우리는 WD-XRF를 통해 미량의 Mn 원소함량 차이에 따라 전자빔 조사 시 컬러 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 적외선 분광분석에서는 4,300-4,600 $cm^{-1}$사이에 특징적인 밴드들이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

This paper presents a new adaptive LSB steganography for high capacity in spatial color images. The number of least signi ficant bit (LSB) of each RGB component in a color image pixel, to replace with the data bits to be hidden, was determine d through analysis of the worst case peak signal noise ratio (PSNR). In addition, the combination of the number of bits is determined adaptively according to image content. That is, 70% of the data to be hidden is proposed to be replaced with 3 bit LSB of two components, 2 bit LSB of the rest component, and 30% be replaced with 4 bit LSB of each RGB compon ent. To find edge areas in an image, delta sorting in local area is also suggested. Using the proposed method, the data cap acity is 9.2 bits per pixel (bpp). The average PSNR value of the tested images with concealed data of up to 60Kbyte was 43.9 db and also natural histograms were generated.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.6 s.38
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

This Paper Propose a robust scene change detection technique that use the weighted chi-square test and the automated threshold-decision algorithm. The weighted chi-test can subdivide the difference values of individual color channels by calculating the color intensities according to mSC standard, and it can detect the scene change by joining the weighted color intensities to the predefined chi-test which emphasize the comparative color difference values. The automated decision algorithm uses the difference values of frame-to-frame that was obtained by the weighted chi-test. In the first step, The average of total difference value and standard deviation value is calculated and then, subtract the mean value from the each difference values. In the next step, the same process is performed on the remained difference value. The propose method is tested on various sources and in the experimental results, it is shown that the Proposed method is efficiently estimates the thresholds and reliably detects scene changes.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

Smoking in elevators is a criminal offense that is included in a misdemeanor. Because of that smoking in elevators can be very critical for our growing children and weak women. In this paper, we would like to extract criminals doing this criminal offense to smoke in elevators. Extraction method detect difference value using modified color-X2-test and it was normalized. Next, we find frames that has occurred scene change in successive frames using the four-step algorithm of scene change detection. Finally, we present the method of smoking image retrieval and extraction in stored large amount of video. In the experiment, we show process and number of scene change detection, and the number of video searched per retrieval time. The extracted smoking video is to submit as evidence for the police or court.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.4 s.42
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

Effective and efficient representation of color features of multiple video frames is an important vet challenging task for visual information management systems. This paper Proposes a Video Browsing Service(VBS) that provides both the video content retrieval and the video browsing by the real-time user interface on Web. For the scene segmentation and key frame extraction of video sequence, we proposes an efficient scene change detection method that combine the RGB color histogram with the X2 (Chi Square) histogram. Resulting key frames are linked by both physical and logical indexing. This system involves the video editing and retrieval function of a VCR's. Three elements that are the date, the need and the subject are used for video browsing. A Video Browsing Service is implemented with MySQL, PHP and JMF under Apache Web Server.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.357-358
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• 2021

Although many people watch the scene with multiple surveillance cameras, it is difficult to ensure that immediate action can be taken in the event of a crime. Therefore, there is a need for a "crime behavior detection system" that can analyze images in real time from multiple surveillance cameras installed in elevators, call immediate crime alerts, and track crime scenes and times effectively. In this paper, a study was conducted to detect violent scenes occurring in elevators using Scene Change Detection. For effective detection, an x2-color histogram combining color histogram and histogram was applied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.635-638
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• 2005

The purpose of video segmentation is to segment video sequence into shots where each shot represents a sequence of frames having the same contents, and then select key frames from each shot for indexing. There are two types of shot changes, abrupt and gradual. The major problem of shot change detection lies on the difficulty of specifying the correct threshold, which determines the performance of shot change detection. As to the clustering approach, the right number of clusters is hard to be found. Different clustering may lead to completely different results. In this thesis, we propose a video segmentation method using a color-X$^2$ intensity histogram-based fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.405-406
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 엘리베이터 내에서 흔히 발상하는 범죄인 폭행을 검출하도록 한다. 검출을 컬러 $x^2$ 히스토그램을 이용하여 수행하도록 한다. 요약은 반드시 한 단락(패러그래프)으로 작성해야한다. 이 방법은 각 히스토그램의 장점을 혼합한 방법으로 매우 유용한 방법이다. 실험을 위하여 샘플영상 20개를 이용하여 실제로 추출하도록 하였다.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study was aimed at giving help to the people intending to change their own hair color design and also providing the guide line to the cosmetic circles for developing new hair color design and promoting sales by statistically analyzing seasonal changes of hair colors puplished on women's magazines(Vogue Korea, Estetica Korea, Woman Chosun, Ce.ci) from 2003 to 2006. The researching methods were as follows; (1) hair colors published on women's magazines from september 2003 to August 2006 were measured by N.C.S. color reader(4 magazines $\times$10 main hair colors/magazine $\times$ 12 months $\times$ 3 years = 1,440 colors). (2) N.C.S. tone is made of percentage, so measured values and chromas were statistically analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and seasonal deferences were statistically analyzed by t-test and specified on high significant values. But hues were not made of percentage, so these were statistically analyzed by cross tabulation analysis, $x^2$ -test and specified on high significant values. These all had been analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 11.0). The results were as follows; (1) Usually seasonal changes of hair values were significant, specially in foreign licensed magazines, and bright values appeared in S/S and dark values in F/W. (2) Seasonal changes of hair hues were significant only on foreign women's magazines. Therefore seasonal changes of korean hair colors were not significant compared by foreign hair colors because of hardness of color changes of dark black hair and hair damages by hair tints and bleaches and trends of well being and hair care. But hair color changes have been developed gradually and will developed furthermore. So korean hair cosmetic circles have to present hair color trends deferenciated by seasons. And S/S hair values have to be brignt and F/W have to be dark. And new seasonal hair hues matched by korean have to be developed and presented.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 2006

This study was aimed at giving help to the people intending to change their hair fashion feeling for changing their own hair colour design and also providing the guide line to the cosmetic circles for developing new hair colour design and promoting sales by statistically analyzing hair colours and the other factors(demographic characteristics, hair styling, total fashion feeling, hair style) of capital area women in their twenties based on the theoretical study on tatal fasion feeling & hair fashion feeling, and hair trend. The researching methods were composed of prior theoretical research, statistical analysis. The prior theoretical research was accomplished by analysis of literatures, magazines and internet sites about total & hair fashion feelings and hair trend. The statistical analysis used a questionnaire composed of 33 questions in 5 categories. The survey of the questionnaire had been conducted from June 15 to June 28 in 2005 on the 600 women in the capital area, investigated by a group of experts on cosmetics or clothing from academic or business society. The analysis of materials from the survey was done by SPSS program(ver. 12.0) using frequency analysis, $x^2$-test and cross tabulation analysis specified on high significant values. Based on the above results of $x^2$-test and cross tabulation analysis, categorized the characteristics of the hair fashion feeling groups, especially hair colours in the order of percentage. This study would be very helpful to the people trying to change their own hair fashion feeling and be useful to the cosmetic circles for developing new hair colour design and promoting sales by comprehending hair colour market and also be valuable to develop the analysis methodology of hair colour and hair fashion trend.