• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.516-520
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• 2008

우리나라는 상수도시설의 노후화와 그 동안의 상수원 수질변화에 대응한 정수처리공정의 개량과 개선이 요구되어지고 있는 상황에 있어서, 기존의 정수처리공정에 어떠한 시설개량이나 설비의 보완 없이 DAF 공정을 추가하여 점토와 조류입자를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 DAF hybrid 공정의 적용성을 살펴보고자 일련의 실험을 실시하였다. DAF 공정의 설치위치는 조류입자의 제거에는 응집지나 침전지 전단을 이용하는 DAF-CGS 공정조합보다는 침전지 후단 또는 여과지 전단을 이용하는 DAF-CSF 방식이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, DAF-CSF hybrid 공정을 도입함으로써 기존의 상수처리조건과 동일한 처리속도(수리학적 부하량)에서 처리효율이 향상될 것이며, 높은 수리학적 부하에서도 재래식 상수도시설에 적용하여 안정된 처리효율을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.791-799
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• 2005

The phased isolation intra-clarifier ditch system used in this study is a simplified novel process enhancing simultaneous removal of biological nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater in terms of elimination of additional pre-anaerobic reactor, external clarifier, recycle of sludge, and nitrified effluent recirculation by employing intrachannel clarifier. Laboratory-scale phased isolation ditch system was used to assess the treatability on municipal wastewater. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31days, and cycle times of 2~8hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 70~84%, and 65~90%, respectively. The rainfall in Korea is generally concentrated in summer because of site-specific characteristics. Especially, the wet season has set in on June to August. In combined sewers, seasonal variations are primarily a function of the amount of stormwater that enters the system. In order to investigate the effect of hydraulic shock loading on system performance, the laboratory-scale system was operated at an HRT of 6hours (two times of influent flowrate) during two cycles (8hours). The system performance slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT. Nitrification efficiency and TN removal were slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate (decreasing of system HRT), whereas, the denitrification was not affected by hydraulic shock loading. However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the phased isolation technology for enhanced biological nutrient removal in medium- and small-scale wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.758-766
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the transverse troughs on hydrodynamic behavior within the a certain full-scale sedimentation basin (flow rate/one basin; $10,000m^3/d$) using CFD simulation and ADV technique. In order to verify the CFD simulation, we measured the factual velocity at 36 points in the full-scale sedimentation basin, whose outlet structure is inadequate, with ADV technique. Both the CFD simulation and the ADV measurement results were in good accordance with each other. From the CFD simulation results of the existing basin, it was investigated that extreme upward flow occurs in the near of two transverse troughs. It was suspected that since the transverse troughs converted the open channel flow into the local closed pipe flow, the increased pressure in this local closed pipe flow region made the extreme upward flow. For solving this problems, it was suggested to modify transverse-typed launder into finger-typed launder and to install a longitudinal baffle in the center in this study. The CFD simulation results of all suggested amendments told us that the extreme upward flow, had occurred especially in the beneath of transverse troughs, was much less in the case of finger typed launder basin than that in the existing basin. Also, it was predicted that installing a longitudinal baffle made the fully developed flow which is more effective for sedimentation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2011

This study is to develop highly efficient coagulation system(HECS) that runs treatment with a short retention time to cover the overflow in the rain, which coagulation, mixing and settling are contacted in a single reactor and to estimate the applicability. Setting up 100ton/day-size pilot scale plant, the results of continuous operation in case of runoff, maintaining 20 minute-retention time at optimum chemical injection condition(Alum 100mg/L, Polymer 1.0mg/L) shows the highest removal efficiency(Turbidity 93.1%, TCODcr 80.6%, BOD 81.8%, SS 92.5%, TN 72.3% and T-P 87.3%). It was estimated that the large amount of cost for separate sewage system and the size of area for system instruction can be reduced if the HECS is applied for CSOs treatment because the HECS is so compact and quickly. When we see the results, HECS from this study could be able to treat the pollutant quickly within a short retention time only with coagulant and polymer, which could show high applicability.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2023

하수처리장에서 생물학적 질소 제거를 위한 질산화, 탈질 과정 중 6대 온실가스 중 하나인 아산화질소가 발생한다. 이번 연구에서는 온실가스 발생량을 정량할 수 있는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 EQPS를 이용해 합류식 하수를 처리하는 MLE 공법 하수처리장의 내부반송유량, 수온 그리고 유입수의 일차침전지 by-pass %에 따라 아산화질소가 가장 적게 발생하는 운전 조건을 찾았다. 내부반송 유량은 유입 유량의 200 %이고, 생물반응조 수온이 20 ℃이고 일차침전지에서 생물반응조로 by-pass 되는 유입수가 15 %일 때 아산화질소 배출 계수가 가장 적은 조건임을 확인했다. 또한 깊은 수심에서 공기를 주입하는 심층폭기는 상대적으로 적은 공기공급을 필요로 하기 때문에 일반적인 폭기조에 비해 적은량의 아산화질소가 발생함을 확인하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 부착/부유 미생물 혼재형 RBC (Rotating Biological Contactor)와 BAF (Biological Aerated Filter) 공정이 가지는 각각의 장점을 조합한 호기성 생물막 처리 시스템을 고안하여 고농도 도축폐수의 처리 특성을 평가하였다. 본 공정은 상당량의 부유 미생물이 함께 있는 RBC와 침전지 그리고 BAF 공정 순으로 구성되었다. 첫 번째 공정인 RBC와 침전지에서는 유기물의 산화, 질소의 질산화/탈질 및 부유물질의 제거가 이루어지며, 후속 공정인 BAF에서는 일부 제거되지 않은 유기물과 질소의 산화 및 부유물질의 여과가 이루어진다. 돈까스 소스(시판용)와 돼지피을 이용하여 모사한 고농도 도축폐수(TCOD $5.2{\sim}40.4g/m^2{\cdot}d$, TN $0.44{\sim}4.17g/m^2{\cdot}d$)의 처리 특성을 평가한 결과, 침전지를 포함한 RBC 공정에서 Soluble COD와 $NH_3-N$의 평균 제거율은 각각 90%와 82% 이상으로 양호하였으나 TCOD와 TN은 Suspended Solid (SS)의 대량 유출과 돼지피에서 기인한 콜로이드 물질 생성 때문에 각각 60%와 69%의 다소 낮은 제거율을 보였다. 후속 공정인 BAF가 잔존 TCOD와 TN을 제거하는 생물 반응조의 역할과 SS를 제거하는 여과기의 역할을 충분히 수행해 약 100 mg/L의 TCOD와 약 140 mg/L의 SS 추가 제거가 가능하였으나, 처리수질은 TCOD 300 mg/L, SS 180 mg/L 그리고 TN 53 mg/L로 상당히 높았다. RBC 유출수에 Polyaluminium Chloride를 투입한 결과, 침전성이 크게 향상되어 RBC+침전지 공정 유출수의 TCOD와 TN은 각각 93.8%, 25.6%의 제거율을 보였으며, BAF 유출수 수질은 TCOD 16.5 mg/L, SS 0 mg/L, NH3-N 12.0 mg/L, TP 1.3 mg/L로 우수하였다. 따라서 별도의 추가 처리공정 없이 본 연구에서 고안한 RBC+BAF 조합공정에 의한 처리만으로 고농도 도축폐수를 성공적으로 처리할 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.929-936
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• 2011

비점오염원 저감을 위해 설치된 동복천 인공습지의 효율적인 관리 방안을 제시하기 위하여, 동복천 인공습지의 시기별 및 부하량별 수처리 효율평가를 실시하였다. 유입수의 BOD, SS, T-N 및 T-P 함량은 각각 $0.85{\sim}3.14mg\;L^{-1}$, $3.33{\sim}9.70mg\;L^{-1}$, $0.64{\sim}5.33mg\;L^{-1}$ 및 $0.03{\sim}0.10mg\;L^{-1}$ 범위이었으며, 연평균 처리효율은 BOD, SS, T-N 및 T-P가 각각 34%, 5%, 31% 및 13%로서 BOD와 T-N의 처리효율이 SS와 T-P 처리효율 보다 높았다. 인공습지 구성시스템별 오염물질 부하량에 따른 오염물질 처리량은 BOD에서 침강지 > 습지조 > 침전지, SS에서 침전지 > 습지조 > 침강지, T-N에서 침전지 > 침강지 > 습지조 순이었으며, T-P의 경우에는 침전지와 침강지에서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 습지조에서는 다른 시스템에 비해 높은 효율을 보였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2009

In this study, the adequacy of Reynolds numbers and Froude numbers derived from about sixty domestic water treatment plants (WTPs) were analyzed in order to estimate the characteristics of hydraulic behavior within the rectangular shaped sedimentation basins used widely. From the results of analysis, most of domestic WTPs have satisfied the criteria regulated as that Reynolds number should less than 1,000(dimensionless). On the other hand, they have not been able to satisfy the Froude number criteria, which should be higher than $1.0{\times}10^{-6}$. The reasons why most of domestic WTPs could not satisfy the criteria are that its criteria basis has been not only inadequate, but also the concept of external flow occurred around a settling particle has been ignored. Accordingly, this study proved the feasibility of Archimedes number, which indicates the ratio between particle Reynolds number and Froude number, to evaluate the hydraulic efficiency and its function of scale factor.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2000

A depot encircled with contact oxidation canal has been developed to improve water qualityr. The depot is aimed to settle suspended solid in the flow. The oxidation canal is to contact the pollutants and oxygen in the surface of gravel filter to purify the water. The deposit of the pollutant in the depot is released by the drainage culvert located at the bottom of it. Aeration nozzle is installed to supply enough oxygen to the gravel filter layers in the bottom of the detent the flow and improve oxidation efficiency. From the experiment it is founded that 91% of SS, 39% of TN, 63% of TP and 77% of COD were removed in the system. The treatment efficiency of total nitrogen is rather lower than any other components, however, it would be higher when some floating vegetation is added in the primary clarifier. The depot and oxidation canal system would be useful to purify the flows in the mouth of the reservoirs or at the outlet of the drainage canal.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2009

In the case that the average velocity within rectangular-shaped sedimentation basin is less than 1.5cm/sec, and Froude number less than $10^{-6}$, it can not be expected that the longitudinal baffle improves the sedimentation efficiency. Also, since relatively lower velocity increases the effect of geostrophic body force, asymmetric flow pattern on a plane occurs within the basin. From the results of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation, in the case that the highest velocity within rectangular-shaped sedimentation basin is over 1.5cm/sec, and Froude number over $10^{-6}$, it can be expected that the longitudinal baffle installed within rectangular-shaped sedimentation basin improves the sedimentation efficiency.