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Late Quaternary Depositional Processes in the Korea Plateau and Ulleung Interplain Gap, East Sea (동해 한국대지 및 울릉 분지간통로의 제4기 후기 해저퇴적작용)

  • 윤석훈;박장준;한상준
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.187-198
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    • 2003
  • High-resolution (Chirp, 3-11 kHz) echo facies and sedimentary facies of piston-core sediments were analyzed to reveal the late Quaternary depositional processes in the Korea Plateau and Ulleung Interplain Gap. The Korea Plateau is an Isolated topographic high with a very restricted input of terrigenous sediments, and its slope is characterized by a thin sediment cover and various-scale submarine canyons and valleys. Echo and sedimentary facies suggest that the plateau has been moulded mainly by persistent (hemi) pelagic sedimentation and intermittent settling of volcanic ashes. Sediments on the plateau slope and steep margins of ridges and seamounts were reworked by earthquake-induced, large-scale slope failures accompanied by slides, slumps and debris flows. As major fraction of the reworked sediments consists of (hemi) pelagic clay particles, large amounts of sediments released from mass flows were easily suspended to form turbid nepheloid layers rather than bottom-hugging turbidity currents, which flowed further downslope through the submarine canyons and spreaded over the Ulleung Basin plain. In the Ulleung Interplain Gap, sediments were introduced mainly by (hemi) pelagic settling and subordinate episodic mass flows (turbidity currents and debris flows) along the submarine channels from the slopes of the Oki Bank and Dok Island. The sediments in the Ulleung Interplain Channel and its margin were actively eroded and reworked by the deep water flow from the Japan Basin.

Studies on the Nutritional Quality of Rapeseed Protein Isolates (평지(平地)씨 단백질(蛋白質)의 영양가(營養價)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Yang, Chang-Il
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1980
  • Protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein utilization (NPU), nitrogen digestibility (ND), organ weights, and amino acid composition were investigated for rapeseed protein isolates (RPI) prepared by alkaline countercurrent extraction and isoelectric precipitation of defatted rapeseed meal (DRM). The PER values for 3 kinds of RPI obtained at pI of 6.7, 5.6 and 5.0 were 2.8, 3.1 and 2.9, and for DRM 2.5 while the NPU values for these RPI appeared to be 68, 73 and 71 %, and for DRM 56 %, respectively. Mean ND (85%), food intake (87), and weight gain (37.6) for RPI were significantly different from those of DRM (71 %, 77, and 28, respectively). There was no signicant difference in the PER among three RPI and casein (3.0), nor in the NPU among those proteins and casein (74%). These data attributed to the favorable amino acid patterns of proteins isolated which contained balanced essential amino acids in proportions which meet the requirements of human adult(FAO/WHO, 1973).

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Current Status and Utilization Technology of End-of-Life Photovoltaic Modules (태양광 폐 모듈의 처리현황 및 실용화 기술)

  • Cho, Jai Young;Park, Areum;Yun, Hyun Mok;Jun, Yun-Su;Kim, Joon Soo
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.15-30
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    • 2020
  • Recently, it is increasing a amount of installed solar-cell rapidly, and end-of-life photovoltaic(ELP) modules are generated in according to the reduction of cell efficiency largely. Recycling of ELP modules are begun at an advanced nation already, but there are bring about environmental contamination and resource recovery problems owing to not treated ELP modules because of economic cost completely. First of all, there were researched basic study for treatment conditions of used solar cell inspection, dismantling of aluminum frame, crushing / grinding & separation of tempered glass, removal of back sheet & EVA film, leaching & precipitation recovery of valuable metals and treatment of waste water. Therefore, we establish optimum conditions through carried out of designed apparatus, installation of equipment, test operation & trouble shooting in scale of 1ton/day pilot plant test. Following to economic review, it does have the economic efficiency until to the case of tempered glass recovery, but does not have the economic value in case of total processes until to recover the valuable metals. However, there are guaranteed economic value if we are gained a large amount of the expenses through EPR supported system. It was confirmed the commercialized possibility of ELP modules recycling if there were established on the collecting ELP modules, reusing criteria, economical technology, enactment of directives and enforcement of EPR supported system efficiently.

Bio-mediated Flocculation by Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Cohesive Sediment Suspensions: Experimental Study (생체고분자물질이 부유사 응집에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Baek, Seung-Ryong;Kim, Jae-In;O, Min-Ji;Lee, Byeong-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.107-107
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    • 2015
  • 최근 기후변화로 인한 강우강도 증대, 산업화에 따른 토지개발 등으로 인하여 다량의 점착성 부유사(Cohesive Sediments)가 하천, 호소 등 수자원 환경으로 유입되고 있다. 점착성 부유사는 하천, 호소의 난류 조건에 따라 부유하거나 혹은 응집, 침전하여 하상 저니층을 형성한다. 부유사, 미생물 및 각종 유기입자가 포함된 하상 저니층은 검은색으로 외관상 보기 좋지 않을 뿐 아니라, 혐기성상태에서 부패하여 수생태계의 건강성을 해치게 된다. 또한 미세 부유사 및 미생물 입자는 각종 중금속, 유기오염물질을 흡착하고, 조건에 따라 재용출할 수 있는 저장매체로 작용하기 때문에 수자원환경에 미치는 영향이 아주 크다. 특히, 수중 미생물(조류) 작용에 의해 생성되는 EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances)는 부유사 및 미생물 입자들을 서로 엉겨 붙게 하여, 부유사-미생물 혼합 응집체 및 저니층 형성을 가속화하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 EPS가 부유사 응집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여, Xanthan Gum (Sigma-Aldrich, USA)을 EPS의 지표 물질로 사용하고, Kaolinite(Sigma-Aldrich, USA)를 수자원환경에 존재하는 대표적인 부유사로 사용하여 응집실험(Jar Test)을 수행하였다. 이온농도가 응집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수체 이온농도를 0.0001M NaCl, 0.001M NaCl, 0.01M NaCl, 그리고 0.001M NaCl + 0.1mg/L $Ca^{2+}$, 0.001M NaCl + 0.5mg/L $Ca^{2+}$, 0.001M NaCl + 1.0 mg/L $Ca^{2+}$으로 보정하여 응집실험을 수행하였다. 250 rpm 급속 교반 1븐, 50 rpm 완속교반 5시간, 침잔 1시간 후 응집체를 채취하여 응집체 이미지 분석을 통해 응집체 크기 및 형상을 측정하였고, 수표면 2 cm 지점에서 상등액을 채수하여 잔류 고형물 농도 분석을 실시하였다. 응집실험을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다.. 낮은 이온농도의 경우, EPS가 큰 고분자 구조체에 부유 입자들이 엮어 응집되는 Sweeping Flocculation의 특징을 나타내었다. 하지만, 이온농도가 높아질수록 경우, EPS 고분자 구조체 내부 반발력이 감소하여 크기가 축소되고, 이에 따라 부유 입자 표면에 패치 형태로 흡착되었다. EPS가 패치형태로 입자에 흡착한 경우, 응집제 농도 증가에 따라 응집능 최적점이 형성되고, 이후 표면하전 역전이나 Steric Stabilization에 의해 응집능이 저감되는 형태를 나타낸다. 따라서,수중이온농도가 EPS의 사슬형 고분자 응집제의 크기, 형태(Morphology)를 결정하고, 더 나아가 응집능을 결정하는 중요한 인자로 나타났다. 따라서, 후속 연구를 통하여 생체고분자물질의 크기 및 형태 변화, 이에 따른 응집능변화를 면밀히 연구하고자 한다.

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Antioxidant activity of partially characterized polysaccharides from the edible mushroom Pleurotus djamor var. roseus

  • Raman, Jegadeesh;Sivakumar, Archana;Lakshmanan, Hariprasath;Raaman, Nanjian;Shin, Hyun-Jae
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.140-149
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    • 2021
  • Mushroom-derived polysaccharides, which are the primary bioactive constituents, are beneficial for human health. Polysaccharides have immuno-modulation, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. Additionally, they have antiviral properties and protect against chronic radiation stress. In this study, high yield water-soluble polysaccharides were obtained from Pleurotus djamor var. roseus basidiocarps. The crude polysaccharide (CP) was extracted sequentially by hot water and ethanol precipitation. The yield of the brown CPs was 5.6% dw. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose and Sepharose-6B column chromatography of CPs generated several fractions. Total glucan content was determined in all the fractions. The F1 fraction displayed the highest sugar content and was considered as a purified polysaccharide (PP). The total glucan and β-glucan content in the four fractions ranged between 76.85-2.95% and 75.08-1.46%, respectively. The yield of the PPs was 300 mg, and it was obtained as a white powder. The PPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thin-layer chromatography. The FTIR spectral details confirmed the presence of a xylopentose polysaccharide. The antioxidant activity of the PPs was evaluated using in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay. The PPs showed strong DPPH free radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. Purified PPs free of phenolics, protein, and carbohydrates were mainly responsible for the radical scavenging activity. The data suggest the potential of PPs as natural antioxidants.

A Study on Microorganism Dominant Species in Bench-scale Shipboard STP Using Combined SBR and MBR Process (SBR 및 MBR 복합공정을 적용한 Bench-scale Shipboard STP에서의 미생물 우점종에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Young-Ik;Shin, Dae-Yeol;mansoor, Sana;Kwon, Min-Ji;Jung, Jin-Hee;Jung, Byung-Gil
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.550-555
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    • 2018
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) is one of the most effective organizations in evolving international law for the protection and conservation of the marine environment. The IMO, MARPOL(Marine Pollution) 73/78 contains six Annexes that provide an overarching framework for the objectives of the international marine pollution. Annex IV was regulated by 64 th resolution in 2012 to control sea pollution from sewage. In 2014 large-scale wastewater treatment and nutrient removal device was developed with a grant from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. A combined new process of Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) and Membrane Bioreactor(MBR) was developed to overcome the pollution caused by shipboard sewage. In the present study, shipboard sewage wastewater was treated by mixing and aeration cycle in the newly developed SBR process. Furthermore, during analysis by NGS technique(Macrogen Co., Ltd.), dominant species of bacteria were found in the aeration tank of the Bench-scale wastewater treatment facility. Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria accounted for 27.1 % of the aerobicbacteria and 16.8 % of the anaerobicbacteria, respectively. Microorganisms play a vital role in shipboard wastewater treatment. A further detailed study is required to understand the precise role of the microorganisms in the wastewater treatment.

Evaluation of Concrete Materials for Desulfurization Process By-products (황부산물의 콘크리트 원료 활용 가능성 평가)

  • Park, Hye-Ok;Kwon, Gi-Woon;Lee, Kyeong-Ho;Kim, Moon-Jeong;Lee, Woo-Weon;Ryu, Don-Sik;Lee, Jong-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2020
  • The landfill gas produced in landfill is generally made up of methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) of more than 90%, with the remainder made up of hydrogen sulfide(H2S). However, separate pre-treatment facilities are essential as hydrogen sulfide contained in landfill gas is combined with oxygen during the combustion process to generate sulfur oxides and acid rain combined with moisture in the atmosphere. Various desulfurization technologies have been used in Korea to desulfurize landfill gas. Although general desulfurization processes apply various physical and chemical methods, such as treatment of sediment generation according to the CaCO3 generation reaction and treatment through adsorbent, there is a problem of secondary wastes such as wastewater. As a way to solve this problem, a biological treatment process is used to generate and treat it with sludge-type sulfide (S°) using a biological treatment process.In this study, as a basic study of technology for utilizing the biological treatment by-products of hydrogen sulfide in landfill gas, an experiment was conducted to use the by-product as a mixture of concrete. According to the analysis of the mixture concrete strength of sulfur products, the mixture of sulfur by-products affects the strength of concrete and shows the highest strength value when mixing 10%.

The Effect of Oryzalin on Growth and Gravitropism in Arabidopsis Roots (Oryzalin이 애기장대 뿌리 생장과 굴중성 반응에 미치는 작용)

  • Go, Jin Gyu;Park, Sun Ill;Kim, Soon Young
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 2021
  • Oryzalin is a dinitroaniline herbicide that has been known to disrupt microtubules. Microtubules and microfilaments are components of cytoskeletons that are implicated in plant cell growth, which requires the synthesis of cellulose when cell walls elongate. In addition, microtubules are also involved in the sedimentation of statoliths, which regulate the perception of gravity in the columella cells of root tips. In this study, we investigated the effect of oryzalin on the growth and gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots. The role of ethylene in oryzalin's effect was also examined using these roots. Treatment of oryzalin at a concentration of 10-4 M completely inhibited the roots' growth and gravitropic response. At a concentration of 10-6 M oryzalin, root growth was inhibited by 47% at 8 hr when compared to control. Gravitropic response was inhibited by about 38% compared to control in roots treated with 10-6 M oryzalin for 4 hr. To understand the role of oryzalin in the regulation of root growth and gravitropic response, we measured ethylene production in root segments treated with oryzalin. It was found that the addition of oryzalin stimulated ethylene production through the activation of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes, which are key components in the synthesis of ethylene. From these findings, it can be inferred that oryzalin inhibits the growth and gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots by stimulating ethylene production. The increased ethylene alters the arrangement of the microtubules, which eventually interferes with the growth of the cell wall.

Immuno-stimulating and anti-metastatic activities of the polysaccharides isolated from Angelica gigas (참당귀로부터 분리한 다당의 면역증진 활성과 항전이 활성)

  • Son, Seung-U;Shin, Kwang-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.304-312
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    • 2021
  • The present study aimed to develop new physiologically active ingredients from Angelica gigas. The polysaccharides purified from A. gigas, AGE-2c-I, showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent manner. C3 activation products were identified through crossed immuno-electrophoresis using anti-human C3 antibodies and the anti-complementary activity of AGE-2c-I under Ca++-free conditions suggests that AGE-2c-I may induce complementary activation via both alternative and classical pathways. In addition, AGE-2c-I augmented the production of various cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α, by peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, intravenous (i.v.) administration of AGE-2c-I dose-dependently enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma. In experimental lung metastasis, prophylactic i.v. administration of AGE-2c-I inhibited lung metastasis by 58% at 100 ㎍/mouse. From the above results, we suggest that AGE-2c-I purified from A. gigas has potent immune system-stimulating activities, and is a potentially promising food ingredient beneficial to human health.

Comparison of Blood Test Results and Symptoms of Patients with COVID-19 Monoinfection and with COVID-19 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection (COVID-19 단일 감염 환자와 COVID-19 및 인플루엔자 바이러스 동시 감염 환자의 혈액 검사 결과 및 증상 비교)

  • Jung, Bo Kyeung;Ham, Seung Keun;Kim, Jae Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.103-109
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    • 2022
  • In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and spread rapidly around the world, infecting millions of people. Cases of COVID-19 infection were observed to lead to viral pneumonia. Thirty-five patients admitted to the Gyeonggi Medical Center, South Korea, between November 2020 to January 2021, were found to have been infected with the influenza virus A and B, which cause symptoms similar to COVID-19. The records of these patients and those of COVID-19 patients who visited the hospital for medical examination were compared. The study patients included thirty patients with COVID-19 and/or influenza, five of those with influenza alone. A group of 121 patients without infection was used as control. Patients with COVID-19 and influenza had significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase levels than the patients with COVID-19 alone. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher in patients with COVID-19 alone than in other groups. Significant clinical outliers were observed in the COVID-19 and influenza infection group compared with the COVID-19 alone group. These results are expected to play an important role in the analysis of the hematological data of infected patients and the comparison of simultaneous and single infection data to determine clinical symptoms and other signs. These results may also assist in the development of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19.