• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.710-717
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• 2010

Even though there are 256 possible 1-qudit(1-variable quantum digit) functions in quaternary logic, the most useful functions are 4!=24 ones capable of representing in QGFSOP expressions by possible permuting of 0,1,2, and 3. In this paper, we propose a permutational literal(PL) representation and a QPL(Quaternary PL) gate which use the operands of a multiplicand A and an augend D in $Ax^C$+D(GF4) operation as a control variable of multi-cascaded PLs. And we also present new PL synthesis algorithms to synthesize QGFSOP expressed 24 (1-qudit) functions by applying three PL operators as ab(mutual permutation), + D(addition), and XA (multiplication). Finally architectures, circuits, and a CMOS implementation to realize proposed PL synthesis algorithms for $Ax^C$+D(GF4) functions are presented.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

Cementation is one of economical and efficient recycling method precipitating the metal ion in solution by adding another active metal. In this study for optimizing cadmium recovery efficiency, it was performed as a function of the effect of pH, temperature, particle size, and input amount of zinc in 0.1 M $CdSO_4$ solution and Ni-Cd battery leaching solutions, respectively. The particle size of zinc and temperature were key factors for Cd cementation and it was confirmed that the input amount of 2.6 of Zn/Cd ratio using granular-type zinc was optimal condition for selective Cd recovery efficiency at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.252-255
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• 1999

Inhibition activities$(pI_{50})$ of chalcone derivatives as substrate with farnesyl protein transferase(FPTase) were determined in vitro. The structure activity relationships(SAR) between the activity and physicochemical parameters of X & Y-substituents on the phenyl groups were analyzed by Free-Wilson and Hansch method. X-substituents on the benzoyl group have the more important role to inhibition activity than Y-substituents on the styryl group. Among them, none substituent, 8 showed the highest FPTase inhibition activity$(pI_{50}=4.30)$. Particularly, the SAR equation could be formulated, showing a parabolic relationship between the activity and hydrophobicity(logP) where the optimal value$({\Sigma}logP)_{opt}$ was 3.915. And also the activity depends on the steric effect(Es > 0) with X-substituent and the resonance effect(R < 0) with electron donating Y-substituents. Based on the results of SAR analyses, the interactions between substrates and receptor, FPTase, could be assumed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.269-280
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• 1996

We proposed a symbolic substitution method based on an optical correlator for an optical parallel addition. In the proposed symbolic substitution method, we used redundant binary number of the symbolic substitution rules as a number system and chose MAC3E filter which had very low sidelobes and good correlation peak compared with SDF filter as the optical correlation filter. We encoeded input numbers property to increase the discrimination capability and divided inpt patterns into 5 groups of the same addition results to minimize the number of symbolic substitution rules. Through the computer simulation, we confirmed the proposed method was suitable to implement the optical parallel adder.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2005

$LaFeO_3$ and substituted $LaFeO_3$ mixed oxides were prepared by Citrate and Cyanide method in air $850^{\circ}C$/24h. These oxides of orthorhombic perovskite were characterized by XRD and IR, but substituted $LaFeO_3$ with 0.5mol Cu at B site was not obtained single phase. Also, reduction reaction of un-substituted $LaFeO_3.17$ were two steps but each site substituted oxides were three steps reactions. These means that new reduction step of each site substituted oxides were atributed tot dopant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 기존의 투명전도박막(ITO) 재료인 Sn 성분을 Zn로 치환하여, Zn의 성분함량 변 화에 따른 투명전도박막의 특성을 조사하기 위하여, Zn이 100% 치환된 $In_2O_{3(90wt%)}-ZnO_(10wt%)$ (IZO) 그리고 Zn이 3 %와 7 % 치환된 $In_2O_{3(90wt%)}-ZnO_{(3wt%)}-SnO_{2(7wt%)}$, $In_2O_{3(90wt%)}-ZnO_{(7wt%)}-SnO_{2(3wt%)}$ (IZTO) 등의 타겟을 제작하여 RF-magnetron sputtering 법으로 투명전도박막을 성장하였다. 각각의 박막에 대해서 전기적 특성조사와 가시광선영역에서의 광투과도 특성, 성막 특성, 그리고 구조적 특성을 조사하였다. Sn이 100% Zn으로 치환된 IZO 박막의 경우 조성 성분비가 90 : 10 wt.%에서 비저항 값이 $5.2{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}cm$ 정도로 전기전도성이 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 X-ray 회절패턴 분석결과 성분비에 관계없이 비정질구조임을 확인 하였다. Sn이 일부 Zn으로 치환된 IZTO 박막의 경우 성분비가 90(In) : 7(Zn) : 3(Sn) wt%의 경우 비저항 값은 $6.5{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}cm$ 정도로 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, X-ray 회절패턴 분석결과 비정질 구조임을 확인하였다. 광학적 특성으로는 가시광선영역(400~780nm)에서 IZO, IZTO 박막은 85% 이상의 매우 우수한 투과율을 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.2140-2142
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• 2004

본 논문은 전기화학 합성으로 형성한 폴리피롤(polypyrrole : PPy) 전극에 신경 전달물질(neurotransmitter)인 에피네프린(epinephrine : Ep)을 치환도핑하여 전압인가에 따른 방출과 자외선 분광법에 의한 검출 결과를 보인다. 폴리피롤 막은 정전압법으로 금 전극에 합성하였고, potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.0) 내에서 에피네프린을 폴리피롤 막에 치환도핑하였다. 폴리피롤 막에 10mM Ep 농도로 치환도핑한 후 염화나트륨 수용액에서 -0.9V의 환원전압을 인가하여 에피네프린을 방출하였다. 자외선 분광법을 이용하여 파장 250$^{\sim}$400nm 영역에서 방출된 에피네프린 용액의 최대흡광도가 약 0.021 임을 확인하였고 이는 에피네프린 표준용액의 정량선으로부터 16${\mu}$g 이 방출되었음을 의미한다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1994

Substituted anthrasemiquinone radical anions, which were formed by laser flash photoreduction of the substituted anthraquinone (1,4-DHAQ, 1,5-DHAQ, 1,8-DHAQ, 1,8-DCAQ), were studied by the electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the mixed solvents of the 2-propanol and the triethylamine. Hyperfine splitting constants (hfsc) were determined by simulating the ESR spectra. Extended Huckel Molecular Orbital (EHMO) calculations were performed to obtain $\pi$ spin densities for these quinones. The hyperfine splitting constants could be assigned to specific protons on the basis of $\pi$ spin densities.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.787-791
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• 1999

TiB$_2$powders were prepared by mechanical alloying, and the effect of Zr and Ta substitution for Ti was investigated. It was possible to produce titanium diboride phase by mechanical alloying titanium and boron elemental powders for 280 hours. The amorphization reaction, a common process which occurs during mechanical alloying, has not been found. When zirconium of which atomic radius was larger than that of titanium was substituted for Ti, the alloying time was greatly reduced. On the contrary, substitution of tantalum for titanium prolonged the alloying time because of the less negative heat of formation of tantalum diboride than that of titanium diboride.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Adhesion between rubber compound and copper-film-coated steel plate (abbreviated hereafter as copper film plate) with different thicknesses of copper film was investigated. Two different methods were employed for the preparation of the copper film plates: a substitution plating of preelectroplated zinc with copper ion and a vacuum sputtering of copper on steel plate. Adhesion strength of the copper film plates with rubber compounds was largely dependent upon the thickness of copper film, regardless of their preparation methods. The copper film plates with thinner thickness than 75 nm showed high adhesion comparable to brass, while those with thicker copper film showed poor adhesion due to excessive growth of copper sulfide at adhesion interface.