Resources Recycling (자원리싸이클링)

The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling (한국자원리싸이클링학회)
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A Study on the Cementation Reaction of Cadmium by Zinc Powders from Leaching Solution of Waste Nickel-Cadmium Batteries

폐니켈-카드뮴 전지 침출액으로부터 아연 분말을 이용한 카드뮴의 치환반응에 대한 연구

  • Kim, Min-Jun (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Park, Il-Jeong (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Weon (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE)) ;
  • Jung, Hang-Chul (Advanced Materials and Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE))
  • 김민준 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 박일정 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 김대원 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터) ;
  • 정항철 (고등기술연구원 신소재공정센터)
  • Received : 2018.10.15
  • Accepted : 2018.12.17
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

Cementation is one of economical and efficient recycling method precipitating the metal ion in solution by adding another active metal. In this study for optimizing cadmium recovery efficiency, it was performed as a function of the effect of pH, temperature, particle size, and input amount of zinc in 0.1 M $CdSO_4$ solution and Ni-Cd battery leaching solutions, respectively. The particle size of zinc and temperature were key factors for Cd cementation and it was confirmed that the input amount of 2.6 of Zn/Cd ratio using granular-type zinc was optimal condition for selective Cd recovery efficiency at $25^{\circ}C$.

폐전자제품 내에 포함된 유가금속 또는 유해금속자원의 재활용 기술 중 치환법(Cementation)은 상대적으로 높은 기전력을 나타내는 금속을 첨가함으로써 용액 내의 금속이온을 침전시키는 전기화학적 석출 방법으로 금속이온의 회수기술 중 경제적이며 효율적인 재활용 기술 중 하나로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐니켈-카드뮴 전지 내에 포함된 카드뮴 회수의 최적 조건을 선정하기 위하여 0.1 M 황산카드뮴($CdSO_4$) 용액과 Ni-Cd 침출액에서 pH, 온도, 아연의 입자크기, 아연의 투입량을 변수로 하여 실험을 진행하였다. 니켈과 카드뮴이 포함된 용액에서 아연의 입자크기와 온도가 중요한 변수로 작용하였으며, 700 um의 아연을 이용하여 $25^{\circ}C$의 온도를 나타내는 용액에서 카드뮴 대비 2.6배의 화학당량 비의 아연을 투입할 때 최적의 카드뮴의 회수율 및 니켈의 회수율을 최소화할 수 있는 조건임을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Efficiency of Cd cementation with time and initial pH in 0.1 M CdSO4 solution at 25℃ using Zn granulars (Zn particle size = 700 um, Zn/Cd ratio = 2.6).

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Fig. 2. Efficiency of Cd cementation with time and initial pH in 0.1 M CdSO4 solution at 60℃ using Zn granulars (Zn particle size = 700 um, Zn/Cd ratio = 2.6).

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Fig. 3. Efficiency of Cd cementation with time and initial pH in 0.1 M CdSO4 solution at 60℃ using Zn powders (Zn particle size = 150 um, Zn/Cd ratio = 2.6).

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Fig. 4. Efficiency of Cd cementation with Zn to Cd ratio in 0.1 M CdSO4 solution at 60℃ using Zn powders (Zn particle size = 150 um, Initial pH = 5.0).

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Fig. 5. Efficiency of Cd and Ni with Zn to Cd ratio in Ni-Cd leaching solution I (Initial pH = 4.0) at 60℃ using Zn granulars (700 um) after 120 min.

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Fig. 6. Efficiency of Cd and Ni with temperatures in Ni-Cd leaching solution II (Initial pH = 0.1) using Zn granulars (700 um) after 60 min (Zn/Cd ratio = 2.6).

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Fig. 7. Efficiency of Cd and Ni with temperatures in Ni-Cd leaching solution II (Initial pH = 5.0) using Zn granulars (150 um) after 30 min (Zn/Cd ratio = 2.6).

Table 1. Chemical composition of leach solutions of Ni-Cd battery electrode materials (g/L)

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Table 2. Design of experiment for Cd cementation

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Table 3. Results of Cd cementation efficiencies in 0.1 M CdSO4 solution using Zn particles

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